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IIIMIIIiliMiMIMI'lilliillilMI 
A SQUARE DEAL 

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Weil Bros. & Co. 

Fort Wayne, Ind. 

The Square Deal House 
are the Pioneers in the Raw 
Fur Trade. Forty-two 
years ago we commenced 
sending circulars direct to 
the trappers; up to that time 
the trappers did not know, 
what a fur price list was. The 
trappers formerly sold their 
furs to the butcher, the 
baker, and the broomstick 
maker, took any old price; 
now they know not only 
what the prices are in the 
U. S., but are kept informed 
of the world's movements 
in furs. We blazed the way, 
and sent the first price list to 



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THE HOUSE THAT 

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ISAAC WEIL 

of 
Weil Bros. & Co, 




ABRAHAM WEIL 

of 
Weil Bros. & Co. 



I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I M M I I I 

A SQUARE DEAL 

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trappers that was ever sent 
by any one in the world. We 
have been at it ever since. 

Write for our price list 
and free Trapper's Guide. 
Send your furs to the Old 
Square Deal House. We 
will make you quick and 
good returns. 

We sell traps, bait, fur 
coats, mac kin aw suits, 
blankets, tents, launches, 
row boats, fishing tackle; 
in short, we will sell you 
at a lower price than you 
can get elsewhere, anything 
that a trapper or hunter 
wants or needs. 

WEIL BROS. & CO. 

FORT WAYNE, IND. 



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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 rnn 1 1 1 1 M I M 1 1 1 1 1 1 rr 
THE HOUSE THAT 

I I I I I I I M I I I I n M III M I I 1 I I M I I I I I 




Kevised £«dition» 1915 

THE COMPLETE 

American and Canadian 
Sportsman's Encyclopedia 
o f Valuable Instruction. 

By •' Buzzacott" 



The Adopted Standard Guide Book of 
THE A. & C. S. A. 



COPYRIGHT lESOB BV 

FRANcie H. BuzzAco-r-r, 

Ohioagoi li-u.t O. S. A< 



t 




M. A. DONOHUE & CO. 




REVISED EDITION, 1915 



To the 

*' American Sportsman'^ 

and the . . 

American and Canadian 
Sportsman's Association 

{and its Members) 



THIS BOOK IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY 
YOUR FRATERNAL SERVANT THE AUTHOR. 



FRANCIS H. BUZZACOTT, 



MEMBER OP 

British South African Expedition - - . - - 1878- 9 

Antarctic Expedition --------- 1879-81 

Voyage to the Arctic --------- 1881- 4 

Service of United States Government - - - - 1885-93 

Spanish-American War Campaign ----- 1898 
National Rifle Association of America. 

League of American Sportsmen » • • 1908 

American and Canadian Sportsman's Association 1908 

Wellman Polar Expedition .... 1906 

American Geographical Society, etc., etc. 
National Geographical Association. 



g 



"A WORD IN ADVANCE." 

This volume is respectftilly tendered to its 
readers simply as a series of practical aid and 
suggestions about equipment, its selection, 
uses and care compiled in handy form, for the 
purpose mostly of aiding those about to start 
out for a "Trip to the woods" — especially so for 
those who desire and contemplate using a light 
• — (and a right outfit) which can be depended 
upon to smooth out the rough parts of a trip — 
thus contributing to its success and the resultant 
benefits that accrue therefrom. 

It is hoped that quality not quantity will 
continue to be appreciated by the many who 
peruse its pages. I have written it as I would 
talk to my readers aiming to express myself 




in plain, simple language, that my most humble 
reader can profit by ite perusal, and trust it 
will be accepted in that same spirit, in which 
it is written. 

It contains only facts taught by experience, 
and if the critical reader observes any literary 
imperfections, kindly pardon them, for I have 
confined myself to candid, earnest words, all 
with a view of giving you as many points as 



possible in as little space as I can, treating on 
its various subjects, with an array of simple 
accurate, practical facts, briefly and correctly 
told. 

Placing in your hands as a result not a book 
of unhandy size, large or many pages, wasteful 
headings, entertaining stories or exaggerated 
pictorial sketches. But instead a practical 
volume containing much information one in the 
"Woods" would like, or ought to know. And 
last, but not least, to put in it the hands of 
anyone, poor or rich, in such form that neither 
they nor myself can object to its clumsiness, 
nor affect their purse, in the purchase of it, 
and if these things are appreciated by the reader 
I only ask (when you have read it) if its contents 
strike you as serviceable, useful and instructive, 
that you will increase its circulation and sphere 
of usefulness by speaking a good word for it 
to either friend or stranger, or better yet, hand- 
ing hiiti a copy and sending for another yourself, 
as each successive edition shall have more in- 
formation than that of its preceding issue. 

In conclusion I hold myself ready— pleased to 
hear from any brother sportsman as to observa- 
tions, or to advise them on any subject pertaining 
to the "Craft" in all the name implies, if they 
will but address 

''The Author" 



Francis H, 





Copies of this book will be mailed, postpaid, to any 
address in the world, on receipt of $1.00 



Send a Copy to your Best Friend. 




1 Trapping 

2 Antarctic Expedition 

3 Arctic Expedition 

4 Big Game Hunting 

5 Sealing 

6 U, S- Service (Infantry) 13 Duck Shooting 

7 South African Zulu War 14 Fishing 



8 IT. S. Cavalry Service 

9 Whaling 

10 Camping 

11 With the Indians 

12 Spanish American War 



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Partial Views of the "Largest Civil Camp" 
ever erected. 




Partial Views of the "Largest Civil Camp' 
ever erected. 





136 PAGES 200 ILLUSTRATIONS 

.^ BUZZ/3CQTT 




I 



iii;^ Travel light— but right— 
there's a deal of difference 
in these words — just as much 
as between roughing it 
versus smoothing it. And if you follow these 
pages we shall endeavor to point out clearly to you 
the easiest way to obtain the right outfit, and to 
gain therefrom the fullest amount of comfort, 
pleasure and benefit from a trip. 

We omit nothing essential — point out plainly 
how, and what to provide, thus enabling you to 
provide for your every possible want, to live com- 
fortably and well, and to receive from a minimum 
of cost and preparation, a maximum of results from 
an outfit, simple in the extreme, yet one that with 
ordinary care, will serve its purpose completely, 
and last you for many a long trip again besides. 





Camp 
Clothing Outfit 

(See also article on Camp Clothing). 

For each person (sufficient for a month's trip 
or more.) 



1 Suit of Old Serviceable 
Woolen Clothes, 

1 Extra Pair of Pants or 

Overalls, 

2 Woolen or Flannel Over- 

shirts, 

2 Suits of Flannel Under- 
wear, 

2 Pair Socks, 

2 Towels, 

2 Handkerchiefs, 

1 Featherweight Rain Cape, 

1 Empty Pillow Case, 

1 Pair Strong Boots or 
Shoes, 



1 Pair Camp Moccasins or 

Slipper-Shoes. 

IPair ServiceableLeg'g'ings, 

1 Broad Rim Soft Felt Hat, 

1 Cape Cap, 

1 Mosquito Net, 

1 "Woolen Sweater, 

1 Pair Suspenders, 

1 Ditty Bag- and contents, 
(Toilet Articles, etc.,) 

1 Combination Camp Bed. 
Mattress. Blankets and 
Carry-all (four in one), 
(See Camp Combination) 

Wear part of 
above — roll up bal- 
ance in carry-all as 
shown. Size of roll, 
12x24 inches; 
weight, 15 lbs. 



Carry on your person these: 
1 Water Cooling Canteen, 
1 Reliable Hunting- Kuife, 
1 Waterproof Safety Match Box (Filled), 
1 Reliable Pocket Compass, 
(Copy of this Manual in your pocket). 
Pipe and Tobacco if you smoke. 
Your gun or rod, if you hunt or fish. 





r 




Size and weight o£ tent according 
your selection (see tents). 

1 Tent Complete, with pplPS, 
jruys. Slakes, etc., 9x9 
feet. 10 oz. Khaki Duck, 

1 Tent Floor Cloth to fit, 

1 Foldiog Pocket Axe.j 



1 Camp Coffee Pot, 

3 Camp Stew or Water 
Kettles (These combined 
form an excellent Oven 
for Baking or Roasting), 

ICamp Fry Pan or Skillet. 
1 Bake Pan, 

4 Camp Plates, 
4CajnpCups, 

4 Knives, 
4 Forks, 
4 Spoons, 



The Tent 

Camp CooKin^, 
Messing Otxtfit, 
Etc., £tc. 

For Four Persons. 



1 Tent Fly, single or double 

(double preferred), 
1 Coil Rope, 
1 Coil Wire. 
. 1 Rep afr Kit 

1 Salt and Pepper Dredge, 

1 Flour Dredge, 

1 Flask, 

1 Cook's Spoon, large, 

1 Cook's Fork, large. 

1 Cook's Ladle Dipper, 

1 Cook's Turnover, 

1 Whetstone, 

1 Combination Can Opener 

and Corkscrevir, 
1 Campers Manual with all 

Camp Cooking Receipts. 




camp Cooking Outfit Unpacked. 



Outfit Packed. 




Washing Up. 

See Article on Camp Utensils. 



Camp 
Rations 

Four Men.— Five Days 

Of More.— United States 
Standard Ration Scale 
(ample without any allow- 
ance for fish, game, etc. 



201bs. Self Raising; Flour. 
6 lbs. Fresh Biscuit. 
b lbs. Indian or Corn Meal. 
6 lbs. Select Navy Beans. 
3 lbs. Select Special Rice. 
5 lbs. Select Salt Pork. 

5 lbs. Select Choice Bacon. 
10 lbs. Select Fine Ham. 
15 lbs. New Potatoes, 

6 lbs Fresh Onions. 
I 3-lb. Can Preserved Butter 
3 lbs. Dried Fruits. 

14 gallon Pickles in Vinegar. 
14 gallon Preserves. 

1 quart Syrup. 

1 box Pepper, 

Ibox Mustard. 




Quantity and variety larger 
(Quality the very best). 



6 lbs. Choice Mixed Coffee. 

6 lbs. Choice Sugar. 

J^ lb. Mixed Tea. 

}4 lb. Baking Powder. 

H lb. Baking Soda. 

4 cans Milk and Cream. 

Sack Salt. 
6 boxes Matches, Tin Case, 
lib. Soap. 1 lb. Corn Starch 
lib. Candles. 
1 jar Cheese. 
I box Ginger. 
J box Allspice. 
1 lb. Currants. 
1 lb. Raisins. 
6 boxes Sardines. 
1 Screw'top Flask. 



All packed in air tight or tin packages. 

{See Special. Camp Ration Hst^. 

Total weight, 125 pounds. 
Four Persons, Five Days. 

Packed ia tin lined Camp 
Ration Chest. 

In addition to the above we 
suggest that you carry ready for 
immediate use. Fresh Bread, 
Meat, Sausage, or 
a few Eggs in case, 
(to last for first 
day or two only)— all about the size of your 
Bandanna Handkerchief full. 

Thus stand we prepared for all things 





^7'^^^'^^^^'^:^^^ 




So far we have shown you an 
itemized list of both a light and 
right outfit, one that will answer 
your every purpose admirably. 

An outfit that will, in a way, 
later, surprise you with its simple 
effectiveness. > 

All this and more— we intend to 
show; how to transport and pack 
same, how to use it, and how your 
individual railroad or boat fare will 
suffice to carry your entire outfit 
as baggage, wherever you go, and 
how the money thus usually spent 
in freight or express, and what not, 
will partially provide you rations 
in plenty for your needs; tell 
you what rations are best: show you clearly how 
to prepare the'm. Aye, more too, besides. 

Read Articles On 

Camp Clothings Etc. 
Rations or Foods. 
Fires — How to Build and Use. 
Utensils, Etc. 
Shelter, Tentage, Etc. 
Portable Houses. 
Camp Cooking Receipts, Etc. 
Camp Furniture, Etc. 
Pointers and Hints. 
Camp Doctor and Receipts. 
Packing and Transporting. 
Etc, Etc, Etc. 

This Manual is made pocket size so as to carry 
to camp with you. 



i ' 





And now be ye -wise. 

And take ye frotn ye olde garret^ 
Ye olde trunk that ye nearforgot^ 

And i>ut ye all thy party has got therein carefully ^ 
Should ye locks and hajidles be off, cord it \jell; 

And when the Packet comes and goes,, 
Where ye will go, it goeth with thee; 

And they asketh not its fare neither way. 



Scale of Weights, for Four Person Outfit Complete. 



Outfit of Clothing- for four persons {see camp cloth' 
ing outfit), . . _ - - 

Entire Tent Outfit for four persons, including" 
Cooking- and Messing Outfit, etc., 

Entire Ration Outfit and Chests included, 



Pro rata — 77^ lbs. per person, 
Divide into two packages, to be 

shipped as baggage for two persons. 
All railroads and steamboats 

accept as baggage 150 lbs. per person. 
(If desired an outfit of 600 lbs. can 

be transported as free 

baggage for four persons). 



60 lbs. 



100 lbs. 

150 : 





I 



A Word 
at the Halt 

Don't elaboratfe— don't burden yourself with a 
host of "the other things'* unless you wish for 
trouble taking care of them. Don't weary your- 
self with the dozens of things that catch the eye 
and tax the pocket of even the experienced once 
in a while. As an instance, don't take a camp oil 
stove along — the oil can will leak sure. 

Men of experience and a life spent in the " 
woods leave all these things to "the other fellow.'* 
Never mmd even the other cute things that re- 
quire more stove pipe room than all your cooking 
outfit together, for should the supply of axes run 
short or other things happen you'll remember the 
word at the halt. 

We believe in every step of progression 
as will be evident; want to supply you with 
every comfort that yOu may actually need, but those 
pneumatic beds and fixings; those telescopic 
kettles, cups and "what nots," banish from your 
mind and have ''ye the coin to spare and the wagon 
to hire" let it go to the Ration Chest, Tent Outfit, 
Camp Furniture, Armory or Rod for with such as 
these nature supplies you with other things much 
better and 'twere wiser so. 



9 




As much of our comforts center here, it be- 
hooves me to dwell on the "open fire we advocate," 
for no more interesting place in camp will we find 
— Truest of friends — Greatest of enemies — here 
can you do the most good and the least harm. 

Your glowing blaze shall supply us with 
warmth and comfort internally and externally. 
Here shall weird stories be told and ruddy faces 
discuss the sights and pleasures of the day. 

There is something about a camp fire that 
makes a camp seem life-like and natural; here, too, 
can be prepared by simplest of methods, dishes 
that have tempted the appetites of epicures and 
kings. 

It matters not if you have brought a cafe chef 
along. I would rather have a greenhorn of a week's 
experience in camp cooking than a Delmonico 
Chef without. With common sense and ordinary 
care most any one can surprise himself does he 
follow the simple outfit and rules of this Manual. 

Do not burn fire 
wood because it is 
plenty, leave some 
for return trip. Put 
out camp fire be- 
fore leaving camp. 




The Camp Fire Crane. 




How to Btiild 
and Use Right 

Select two medium thick green logs and revel 
o£f with the camp axe the top as shown in the en- 
graving. Set and brace these logs a few inches 
apart, only so as they will form support on which 
the bottom of your utensil will rest safely; scrape 
out a little trench underneath and with a few 
pieces more form the windguard or radiator shown 
in illustration and, lo! your splendid camp range 
is complete. 



j'd'^j.y 




Here can be easily accomplished, with care, all 
the known culinary arts, even without utensils; 
take note of this fact; even Roasting, Baking, 
Broiling, etc., and should your outfit be such as 
this Manual designates.no dish known to mankind 
need be slighted one jot. 

An improvised shelter can be made over 
this proof against sun or rain and which will 
be useful also for the preservation of meats, 
fish and game as these pages later show. 

With such simple arrangements as these 
even the fire need never go out; neither will 
it be necessary to burn fuel by the acre nor 
to chop any wood; thus can you save your 
exertions and the axe for more fitting 
purposes. 

11 




Camp Pot, Hook 
and Poker. 



2:^ 




And NoMT a Word 

As to the amount of fire to get the most 
results from: you will find it right to utilize only 
the flame at one end for your boiling and 
stewing. The hot ashes or live coals only should 
be used for frying, broiling, baking, roasting, 
etc., not so much for economy of wood as for 
less danger of burning, spilling, etc. 

If this advice is followed very little 
smoke is the result. If anything looks 
amateur like it is to see one cooking over a 
big, roaring, smoky camp fire, large and 
hot enough to roast an ox. 

If the fire is handled right there need 
be no more smoke than would fill the cook's camp 
hat, much less than make him choke, gasp TonJ, 

and , like most do. 

Let the wood smoke and the 
fire burn (just before you com- 
mence the cooking) then when 
ready your live coals will give 
you even more heat than you 
require for any small 
party. (Old camp 
cooks take outunburnt 
wood before they start 
cooking — the green- 
horn puts on more 
wood and it 
makes him suffer 
accordingly for his 
ignorance.) 

A Tree Full of Dry Fire Wood. Camp Broom. 

Keep wood dry by stacking it up and should 
rains fall your wood is fairly dry and your camp 
neat besides. 

12 




M 



Camp CooKing Receipts 

Camp Coffee. — (2 cups for each person.) To 
every cup of water allow a tablespoonfal of ground 
coffee; then last, add one for pot. Put on in cold 
water and set on to boil. Allow to boil up just 
once; remove from fire; settle with X cup cold 
water and serve piping hot. 

Another "Way. — Bring water to boiling point 
first; add coffee, boil five minutes, settle and serve. 
A good way is to put the coffee in a small muslin 
bag, tied loose; then boil five minutes longer and 
your bag of grounds can be removed before serv- 
ing. 

Camp Tea. — Teaspoonful of tea to each person, 
one for pot. Pour over fresh boiling water; set 
aside in warm place for ten minutes to steep, then 
serve. (Don't boil good fresh tea.) Boil old tea leaves 
three minutes for second serving and you have as 
good tea as the first; try it, then wash out pot and 
burn tbe leaves in camp fire. (See Hints for the 
Reason Why.) 

Substitute for Coffee.— Parched barley, beans^ 
rice and bread crumbs make a fair substitute; 
scorch a trifle and grind. You can improvise a 
coffee mill with a bag and stone, pounding the 
coffee fine. 

A supply of "Horlick's Malted Milk" in 
chocolate tablet form is an..excellent substitute 
for coffee or tea. It is food 
and drink — and a hearty and 
substantial meal can be made 
from them. 25 tablets make 
a good meal and a screw top 
flask holds 75 to 100 of them 
and can be used for liquids 

when empty. 
13 





Camp Yeast or Ranchman's Bread. — This is a 
most cimple and effective way of making splendid 
bread or biscuit for the permanent camp and is 
much easier to the inexperienced than it seems. 
If your camp is for a week in one place we suggest 
a thorough trial. If you succeed you will teach 
the wife later on. 

Take a common lard pail or any covered 
small bucket, and mix a simple batter of flour, 
warm water, a pinch of salt, and a spoonful of 
sugar; about a quart in all; cover this and set aside 
in a warm but not hot place; one side of the fire 
will do. When it lifts the cover of the pail (which it 
will surely do unless tied down) it is ready for use. 

You will now note that this quart of flour has 
raised to the top of the kettle by fermentation and 
is now excellent yeast. 

Take nearly all of this — saving say % for next 
baking — and knead it into sufficient flour to make a 
good stiff, bread dough. This you can knead all 
you wish — only not too stiff — roll it out and add to 
it a spoonful of camp lard—sugar — and teaspoonful 
of bakiM'3 soda. Knead again, form into thin bis- 
cuits or bread, put in oven, set in the warm until it 
raises to double size, then bake until done. 

You now have as delicious a biscuit as your 
baker ever turned out. 

Into balance of sour dough or yeast bacter stir 
more fllour and set aside until ready for more bak- 
ing. This is genuine ranchman's bread used uni- 
versally on the plains. The only essential to its 
success is care and warmth. 

Fried Bacon, — Slice and soak half hour (if very 
salt)in water.if not, lay slices as cut in hot pan on the 
ashes of the fire. Fry until browa oo both sides 
and serve. 



14 



■"^^^-^^SS'^SJ^^ 



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Camp Biscuits. — Use self-raising flour; if not, 
to a quart of flour add small tablespoonful baking 
powder large pinch of salt and tablespoonful camp 
lard (bacon fat), make dough soft with cold water 
and stir with a spoon, just enough to make a fairly 
stiff dough. Do not knead or stir too much as this 
makes heavy biscuits. Drop f roqi spoon into well 
greased pan or kettle, biscuit size and bake in oven 
fifteen minutes or until well browned and done. 
(Note oven for roasting, baking, etc). 

Biscuits, Bread, Etc., To Test When Done.— Run 

a dry sliver of thin hard wood into center, if dough 
sticks to sliver when you pull it out continue 
baking more until sliver will come out 
clean and dry then your biscuit or bread 
will be well done. 

Don't think you must have a range or 
stove to have a good oven. As good an 
oven as can be built is made by the 
simple plan of taking tvi^o sufficiently 
large plates — common baking pans or 
stew kettles; one a trifle larger than the 
other, so as to be inverted over each other 
easily; fit them first so as to be sure of 
the right ones. 

Into the smaller set your bread, biscuits, 
meats, game, fish or whatever you desire to bake 
or roast; now make near your camp fire a flat, good 



The Camp 
Fire Shovel. 




Oven from Two Bake Pans. 
15 



thick bed of coals (embers from the fire) , on it place 
your pan or kettle containing the food, with the 
large one inverted over it. Strew more live coals on 
its top and you have a most excellent oven — one 
that needs no attention except when roasting 
meats and then only to renew the fire coals when 
burnt out or needed; ot" erwise it need not be 





Two Tin Pie Plates. Pryiug Pan and Plate. 

touched until it is done; ready to serve. If roast- 
ing, basting is unnecessary. Allow fifteen min- 
utes for biscuits; bread, fifteen to twenty minutes; 
meats, one to two hours according to size; beans, 
three to six hours, if possible. 

By above plan anything can be excellently 
roasted, even well browned, perfect. (See also 
camp oven without utensils.) 

Slapjacks. — A simple batter of flour, etc., thin- 
ner than biscuit dough, so it will run thick, drop 
in small quantities into hot pan, well greased, fry 
brown, turn over. Brown and fry fairly dry. If 
made right they are far more substantial than 
cake; sprinkled when hot with sugar they are ex- 
cellent and stick to the ribs on a long tramp. As 
a bacon sandwich for lunch they are fine. 

It iis an excellent plan to utilize only the embers 
of a camp fire for, baking, roasting, frying or 
broiling and to conduct these operations on one 
side of fire only. The direct flame of camp fire 
should be only used on pots, kettles, etc. 
(Note carefully article on camp fires.) 
16 



^="^^r^^£:^^s:J^^ 



r 



Stale Bread or Biscuits can be made fresh by 
wrapping in damp cloth and placing in oven for a 
few minutes. Very stale bread is excellent if 
dipped once in salt water and fried brown in hot 
bacon fat. 

Camp Bread. — Made same as biscuit only in 
a loaf form. It should be flattened out to fully 
cover the size of oven, in either case grease well 
the oven bottom or dredge the bottom of dough 
with flour to prevent stickingc 

Soda Biscuits. — Small teaspoonful soda, pinch 
of salt and spoonful camp lard into quart of flour, 
mix as for biscuits and bake. Use only one-half 
as much soda as baking powder or they wiL turn 
yellow and taste bitter. (See also bread without 
oven, etc., etc.) 




An Oven from 2 Round 
Camp Stew Kettles. 



Broiled Small 
Birds: — Clean and 
parboil them first, 
then broil over hot 
clean embers of 
the fire using a 
split stick as shown 
on page 26. Ex- 
cellent for Broiling 
any kind of meats. 



Corn or Johnny Cakes. — One-half flour, one-half 
meal, mix not as stiff as biscuit dough; pour into 
pan or kettle and bake slowly thirty minutes or un- 
til done. 

The tendency of most camp cooks is to have 
too much fire. (See camp fire observations, etc.) 

17 




J 



Pork Fritters. — Slice salt^ pork, — soak and roll 
in meal or flour. Drop in hot fat and fry brown. 

Fried Fish, Game, Etc.— Clean well; season 
and fry as above, always fry in hot fat; it sears 
the outside and retains the juices and flavor, while 
to put meats on in cold pan and fat extracts juices 
and makes good meat tough. Don't salt fresh 
meats before frying, salt in pan, when nearly 
done, before serving. 

Fried Potatoes. — Slice and fry raw potatoes in 
hot fat. Brown both sides, season with salt as you 
remove them, serve red hot. 

If sliced boiled potatoes, use but little fat, 
season with salt and pepper while cooking and 
brown in pan. 

Good seasoning is one half of good cooking. 
Don't guess at it, season to taste. 

Boiled Potatoes. — If new potatoes, don't put 
on in cold water; drop in boiling water instead; put 
in small handful of salt. When you can easily 
pierce them with a fork or sliver they are done. 
Strain well; dry a minute over fire and serve. 

If old potatoes, soak for half hour, just put 
them on in cold water. Boil such potatoes with 
skins on, after washing twice, slicing piece off each 
end; guess what for. 

^ u/ J 




Camp Loaf Bread Pan. 
13 




Sectional View of the Buzzacott Oven in Use 




Baked or Roast Potatoes. — Wash and dry well; 
bury deep in good live coals — ashes of fire; cover 
well with hot coals until well done. 

Roast Meats, Game, Etc. — Clean and prepare; 
dredge well with flour, pepper, etc., a little salt, 
add a few sliced onions and r. slice or two of bacon 
or salt pork on top for basting qualities. Add a 
little boiling water to start the gravy, then it is ready 
for pan or pot roast. (See also cooking without 
utensils, oven, etc.) 



Fried Mush. — Slice cold, boiled mush. 
in flour and fry in hot pan with little fat. 

Corn meal requires much cooking — boil 
stir for 20 to 30 minutes. 



Roll 



and 



Soups, Stews, Etc. — Crack fresh bones into 
pieces, add meats, scraps and a slice or so of bacon 
or pork, cover with cold water and boil slowly, 
until meat is well done; then add onions and a 
few teaspoonfufs rice or cooked beans. Boil until 
done, slowly; season to taste. 

Meats for Soups, Etc. — Should be put on in cold 

water and simmered slowly— always. Allow boiled 
meats, hams especially, to cool off in the tvater 
they are boiled in — they slice better — are tender and 
there is a big difference all around. 

19 



Camp Pudding.— Have ready a large kettle of 
boiling water — plenty of it — and a large bag made 
from a piece of flour sack; dip the bag into the boiU 
ing water and dredge flour on the inside of bag. 
Cut into dice size pieces one cup of fat salt-pork; 
roll in flour to separate the mass, then to three 
cups of flour add one cup sugar; one cup currants; 
two teaspoonfuls spice. If desired dried fruit cut 
in small pieces can be used in lieu of currants. Add 
water to this and-, stir into good thick paste or 
batter. Turn this out into floured cloth — allow 
room for swelling of pudding to double its size; tie 
up tight in cloth; drop in boiling water and boil for 
two hours. Don't let the water stop boiiing or 
your pudding will spoil — better have a little extra 
so as to allow for boiling away. Use no baking 
powder or soda. Just try it once! 

Sauce for Above*— One quarter cup sugar; two 
tablespoonfuls flour or one of corn starch ; tea- 
spoonful of spice, cup of evaporated cream 
or water. Mix cold and heat over fire to 
boiling point, stirring well; remove from fire and 
stir in a teaspoonful or more vinegar to taste. The 
vinegar will give it a flavor like brandy sauce — just 
try it, following directions exactly. 

Rice Pudding.— Put cup full of rice in plenty 
water, a little salt; don't be afraid of too much 
water; boil until a grain can be mashed easily be- 
tween thumb and forefinger, then pour off water or 
strain through cloth. Every grain of this rice will 
be whole and separate if done correctly as above. 
To this rice add a cup of sugar, a spoonful of spices 
and a cup of currants. If possible a little con- 
densed milk and water — say a cupful. Set aside 
in warm place — not over fire— for fifteen minutes ; 
until liquid is absorbed and you have rice pudding. 



a 



20 







It is well to note that in this " camp cookery" 
we have no receipts except what conform to the 
contents of our Ration Chest, and if they are 
carefully followed we vouch for surprising results. 
The receipts herein have been tested for years by 
many thousands who have used this Manual (de- 
pended on it) exclusively. 

Camp Pot Pic— Simply follow receipts for 
soups or stews only leave out the bones. Fifteen 
minutes before serving drop in by the teaspoon- 
ful a cup of ordinary biscuit dough. Put on cover 
and boil until done. Boil slowly and not so as to 
burn. Add sliced potatoes and onions also. 

I>on*t Boil Meat fast, it toughens it. 

Smoked Herrings toasted or broiled over camp 
fire are excellent. 

Boiled Beans* — Always soak beans over night 
if possible using double water and allowing room 
to swell (a pint of dried beans makes a quart or 
more) if you can't soak them put on in cold water 
with a piece of pork or bacon — say a pound therein; 
when it boils add a teaspoonful of baking soda; boil 
until beans are well done, adding more water if 
necessary. Season to taste with salt and pepper, 
a few spoonfuls of sugar, one of mustard. Pot 
beans should cook thus, three hours or more. 

Baked Beans. — Simply take the above; arrange 
them in oven (see oven) or you can use preserve 
jar iif empjy. Score the top of bacon or pork: 
press into center; cover with hot water and bake 
from one to three hours more (an onion adds to 
flavor). The longer a bean is cooked the better it 
is. (See also cooking without utensils.) 

A teaspoonful of baking soda makes hard 
water soft— try it when boiling beans. 

21 



Leaky Utensils will be better for an application 
of soap or a paste made of flour, salt and fine 
wood ashes plastered on and dried. Cracks in 
Stoves and ranges can be cemented by the above 
most effectively by leaving out the flour. 




Camp Meat or Game Pie.— Line a kettle with a 
pie crust of the following: To a quart of flour add 
a teaspoonful of salt, X teaspoonful of pepper and 
a cup of camp lard, add a layer of cooked 
meats or game (after removing the bones) then a 
layer of onions, then a layer of potatoes until kettle 
is nearly full, over this lay a thin sheet of the pie 
crust and pinch the edges togethet, cut a slit in 
center of top and pour in one pint of boiling water, 
and bake for one-half hour slowly or until crust 
and vegetables are well done. Roll out crust with 
a bottle. 

Camp Stew.— Use raw meats or game and stew 
slowly until very well done, then add vegetables 
and stew again until they are done, season to taste, 
thicken lo minutes before serving with two spoons- 
ful of flour batter. 

Camp Cookies or Hot Cakes. — To a quart of 
flour add a tablespoonf ul of baking powder or one 
teaspoonful of baking soda and a pinch of salt, mix 
well, then add a cup of currants or chopped dried 
fruit, a cup of syrup or sugar, teaspoonful of mixed 
spices, two tablespoonfuls of camp lard, mix with 
cold water to a thick batter, roll out, cut into round 
cakes, using baking powder can cover as a cake 
cutter, and bake in quick hot oven 15 minutes; 
watch the baking. 

22 



M 




Rich Soup and Gravy Coloring. — Tablespoonful 
burnt sugar or flour — rich brown. 

Fish Chowder,— Cut small slices of pork or 
bacon — fry them out in kettle, then put in layer of 
fish cut in slices on the pork or bacon thus fried — 
then a layer of onions and then potatoes and biscuit 
and repeat in layers as above until all materials 
are in. Season each successive layer, cover with 
water and stew slowly for half an hour or until 
well done. 

Use Meat Water. — Water that meats have been 
boiled in for pea or bean soups. 

Corn Bread. — One quart corn meal,teaspoonful 
salt, one of baking powder or soda, mix with cold 
water to a thin batter, set to rise — when ready to 
bake stir your batter well, and put into bake pan or 
oven and bake slowly for half an hour or more until 
well done. In making corn mush, use a paddle 
whittled from a stick; stir often and cook well 30 
to 45 minutes slowly. 

Gingerbread. — Three cups flour, one cup of 
molasses, one-half cup of lard or camp fat, two 
teaspoonfuls of ginger, one teaspoonful of baking 
soda, water to make a thick batter; stir well and 
bake in hot oven. 

Salt Meat Stew. — Take a few slices of salt pork 
or bacon, soak in water for half an hour, then place 
them in pot and partially fry them; add sliced 
onions, potatoes and biscuits in layers and season 
to taste. Stew slowly until done, adding just 
enough water, to barely cover the stew; thicken 
with flour or meal if desired fifteen minutes before 
serving. 

23 




Fish Cakes»— Take cold fish and remove the 
bones; mince well and mix with equal parts of 
bread crumbs and potatoes; season well and fry 
in little fat. Brown well both sides. An onion 
helps it. 

Always carry on a long trip a water canteen 
and a lunch in your haversack; a slapjack and 
bacon sandwich is fine. (It will not dry up or 
crumble to pieces) . 

Sample Days' Camp Menu 

Bill of Faro 




BREAKFAST 

Hot Wheat and Corn Cakes (Flap Jacks), Syrup 

Pork Fritters or Fried Bacou and Potatoes 

Camp Bread Preserves Hot Coffee 

DINNER 

Camp Baked Pork and Beans 

Baked Potatoes Pickles 

Coffee Bread 

Plum, Rice or Bread Pudding 

SUPPER 

Hot Soda Biscuit Camp Pot Pie 

Hot Tea Cheese Crackers 



(Taken from our ration list only.) 
The variety of our camp rations and camp 
cooking receipts suffice to give a daily change of 
Menu for each day in the week. 

24 



CooRing W^itHotit Utensils 
(For E^mergencx Cases) 

See also Utensils and How to Make. 

Bread or Scones. — Can be baked by using a 
large thin stone well heated first in camp fire then 
placed on embers near fire. Flatten out dough to 
cover the stone, turn when under part will permit 
until done. Scones are equal parts of meal, bran 
or flour. 

Frog Legs and Mushrooms— Make a dainty 
camp dish and are often found around camp — look 
out for the wrong kind: toadstools; they are 
poisonous. Mushrooms show a pink or brown 
underneath and peel easy, while toadstools are black 
or white underneath and do not peel easy, if you 
are not sure of the difference do not eat them. 
You may need an emetic (see Camp Doctor). 

Bread, without Stone even.— Make a good, stiff 
dough adding a little more salt, but no lard; pull 
it out into a long thin strip, wrap this strip cork- 
screw like on a stick of wood with bark on (tree 
branch). Hold over very hot fire of ashes (not 
flame) turning constantly until done. Try this 
pulled fire bread— it's great' 

For Large Game, wild turkeys, etc. Wrap 
in common mud clay and bury in pit of coals all 
night; in the morning take it out, break off case; 
feathers, skin, etc., will fall off with it and you will 
try this many a time thereafter. 

Well Soaked or Cooked Beans— Place in bucket, 
kettle or pot; covered with water and buried in pit 
of coals all night as above, are cooked in the morn 
ing. Cover kettle of course. 




Roast Meats, Fish, Game, Etc. — Without Utensils. 
^Clean fish or game thoroughly, place on piece of 
green bark of tree. Wrap it all up in green grass; 
bury in pit full of red hot live coals; (no unburnt 
wood) red. hot ashes are best, for two hours or more 
according to size. When done remove outside 
skin and serve. Another way is to roll in soaked 
paper, instead of dried grass. 

Fish or feathered game need not have scales 
or feathers removed; simply wet them before cov- 
ering; when done, skin. Scales or feathers will 
all come off together easily and the delicious flavor 
of the flesh will taste as you never tasted it before. 
Season sifter it is done to taste. 






The Green Bark Oven. 

Frying or Broiling without Utensils.— Use the 
green, thick bark of a tree, rough side down on 
fire. Use the camp fire tongs (as illustrated else- 
where) or make a toaster and broiler as shown, 
from a stick having a split end which will hold the 
meat over a hot coal fire. Don't pierce the meat. 
Al\vays carry a small bag of salt in the haversack. 



I 

m 




To Roast Whole Game— Open Camp Fire.— Note 
above spit and forked sticks; turn constantly. 
Large game requires two men to turn right. Ex 
cellent for rib roasts or large game. 



A little charcoal (burnt wood) thrown into a 
pot with slightly tainted meats will sweeten them. 

Scour pots, pans and kettles immediately on 
emptying contents before they cool off (they 
clean twice as easy and well). Use sand andwatet; 
It IS far better than soap. 

Greens,— Carefully picked spring dandellon'j 
make an excellent mess of greens for a camp. 
Boil in salted water (like spinach) until tender, 
changing water twice. 

To Preserve Meats, Fish, Game, Etc.— Slice meat 
to be preserved in long thin slices, knead plenty 
of salt in and lay covered aside so as to absorb salt 
for four hours. Then spread out singly in the hot 
sun to dry for a few days, or smoke well for 24 
hours over a good thick smoke, on a frame of 
green twigs. When properly cured they are 
dry to the touch and have shrunk up to one 
half their size. This is sun dried or smoked jerked 
meat, so universally used on the plains by both 
white men and Indians alikf*. Fish can be cured 
the same way. Turn skin side up or remove skin 
when removing bones. 

Meats cured carefully by this method will last 
for a year or more; eat raw or fry. 

27 



Hints and Pointers 
on Camping 



n 



A Hot Sweat Bath. Can be arranged in camp 
with hot stones and a little water sprinkled on them 
(arranged by covering yourself and stones with 
blankets), or see Indian Quick-up, as a frame for 
such. This '*" the Indian method of curing most 
all complaints. 

Camp Lantern. (Fish and 
Game Snare) .—Take a piece of 
phosphorous (walnut size) sub- 
merge it in a saucer of water 
and cut into little pieces.then put, 
into small bottle with two ounces 
sweet oil, cork tightly, tie to a 
Stuck into the ground, it attracts 
game at night, or if tied to a string and dropped 
into the water where fish abound it will attract 
their attention and they can be caught. 



A Good Camp Lamp. — Can be 

made by using clear tallow fat, (fat of 
animals), melted down and put in an 
old tin can. Improvise a wick from un. 
ravel'ed cotton or tent canvas, put one 
end in can and the other end on edge 
of can and wire. 




f^ 



limb or stick. 




A Good Camp Candlestick*- 
can be improvised from a 
hole in it — bottom sliced 







A Good Camp Spoon, Knife and Fork.— Can be 
made from a shell and split stick. A fork can 



-^:^p 





easily be whittled, and a good knife made from a 
piece of tin cut from an old can and inserted 
in a split stick; lash it tight with wire. 

A Good Dinner Plate or 
Cooking Utensil, from a 
piece of green thick barky 
tree, using smooth part for 
food. 



Any Old Tin Can— Top carefully 
burnt out over camp fire, then scoured 
makes a good cup or small cooking 
utensil. Make handle of wire as 
shown above. 



To Keep Matches Dry. — Cork a few in a small 
bottle, (See also waterproof match boxes) . 

To Correctly Ascertain the 
Points of the Compass. — Face the 
sun in the morning; spread out 
your arms straight from the 
body — before you is the east, 
behind you the west, to your 
right hand, the south, left, north, 
(accurately.) If the sun don't 
shine, note the tops of pine 

trees, they invariably dip to the north. (See also 

lost in camo) . 





A Reliable Camp Clock.— 

A very accurate one can be 
improvised by making a sun 
^^^JL^'''^^^^^^^ dial of a piece of stick stuck 
in the earth where the sun's 
rays can cast the shadow of 
the stick on the ground. You 
can mark the ground most 
accurately if one of your party has a watch. Then 
the clack will serve you well, when the man with 
the watch is gone. It will not vary like a watch 
and will tell the time correctly when the watch 
won't; don't forget that. 

A Whet Stone is handier and more useful than a 
butcher's steel. It can be used 
for exactly the same purpose ^^^^^^^^^^ 
any way, and will sharpen the 
axe and all tools when a steel will not. 

Don't Spoil a Good Knife.— In opening tin cans 
in camp, take the camp axe. Cut a cross in the 
center and open the cuts afterward, but not with 
the fingers. 

To Heat a Tent Nights Without a Stove.—Build 

a camp fire near tent opening, surround it partly 
with a radiator of logs, bark of tree or brush, so as 
to throw the heat to inside. 

Another Way.— Throw into 
camp fire a lot of stones, the 
larger the better, let them 
get red hot, put into bucket 
and carry into tent, invert 
the bucket over them, and 
it will surprise you. With 
a change of stones in the fire you can renew and 
keep warm all night long;— or use camp kettle. 

30 




■"^^^^^S'^^!^ 





Still Another Way.— ( Per- 
fectly safe if common sense 
is used). Dig a pit half a 
bucket in size somewhere in 
tent. Fill it heaping full of 
red hot clear coals (embers) 
from the camp fire, taking 
care no unburnt or smoky 
wood is therein. Now cover 
this with the kettle or pail. 
With mud, plaster up the 
edges, and it will keep your tent and you warm all 
night long. Use camp pails (iron of course). 

In Case of Fire in Tent.— If serious, lay hold of 
the bottom of the bedding and pull out, and with 
a blanket smother the fire, quickly. If fire is 
caught in time you can smother it. 

Let the tent go, but save the outfit therein, if 
possible. You can improvise shelter but not the 
outfit, so save that part first. 

To Find Out Correctly How the Winds Blow.— 

If the wind is very light, place your finger in your 
mouth for a minute, moisten it, then hold it in the 
air. The coolest side indicates the direction from 
which the wind blows. 

How to Catch Frogs.— You can catch frogs with 
hook and line baited with red or scarlet rag (it's 
like shakmg red cloth at a bull). Clean the 
hindquarters and roll in meal or flour and fry 
in hot fat. They are delicious. 

A Good Fire Shovel. — Can be made of a piece 
of tin and split stick; 
it is also an excellent 
broiler. 




Sheets of paper, or an old newspaper sewed 
between two blankets, equals three blankets. A 
thin vest lined with paper equals two. 

If the seams of underwear chafe or gall the 
skin turn inside out. Common corn starch is a 
most excellent talcum or chafing preventative and 
cure. (It's in our ration list.) 

If Soaking Wet.— If soaking wet and no dry 
clothes handy take off wet garments and wring 
them out as dry as possible — put on again, — you 
are less liable to take cold, and will be much 
warmer besides. 

Don't Sleep.— Don't sleep with the moon 
shining on your face, you can get moonstruck, and 
it's as bad almost as a sunstroke. 

Bum Up All Kitchen and Table Refuse, — Even 
potato skins and wet tea or coffee grounds, burn 
out even tin cans in the camp fire, if thrown out 
they are fly and maggot breeders, and mean lots 
of flies in camp. Burnt out and thrown aside they 
are harmless. 

To Test the Freshness of Meats, Game, Etc. — 
Tbrrst a knife blade into center of flesh — remove 
the blade; your nose to the knife blade will do 
the rest. Meat is often fresh inside when the 
outside is not. Your nose can't tell inside— the 
knife blade can. 

A Good Telescope — With straps and case is 
the finest thing for camp and field use. (I never 
could see why field glasses are preferred) A 
good telescope is far better. (See telescopes) . 

For Washing Flannels and Woolens,— Don't wring 
out, hang them up dripping wet and they won't 
wrinkle up or shrink. 

32 



r 



To Keep Ffesh Meats, Game, Etc.— (See also 
smoked meats, etc.) By hanging in old sack, sack 
opening downward; secure with cord, ied to legs 
of game; then take a few branches of leaves and 
cover; the rustle of these leaves will help keep the 
flies away and the meat cool. Fasten the bottom 
opening with slivers of wood, so you can get at 
meat without trouble. 

Do Your Part. — Let each man elect to perform 
certain duties in camp; one to gather wood and 
carry water, one to cook, one to clean, etc. 

Biscuit Cutter and Rolling Pin. — The tin baking 
powder can cover makes an excellent biscuit 
cutter and any bottle a good rolling pin — even an 
unopened can. 

To Cool Water.— Any old well soaked cloths, 
wrapped around outside of bottle or bucket will, 
if hung in the shade, help cool contents. Remove 
the cork. (See water cooling canteens). 

A Good Waterproof Oil for Boots and Shoes.— 

Lay on hot mixture, one part rosin, two parts bees- 
wax, three parts tallow. Soft and waterproof. 

Water and Fireproof for Tents, Canvas, Etc. — 
Equal parts of alum and sugar-of-lead, quart or 
more of each to several buckets of tepid water, 
soak well, turning often, then spread out to dry. 
Both rain and fireproof. 

To Waterproof Woolen Clothing.— "Lanoline,'* 
(pure sheep wool fat) , applied* to wool clothing 
renders it impervious to water. Can be pur- 
chased at any drug store. 

A wire stretched across top of tent poles 
makes a good receptacle for clothing at night. 
(See also tent clothing hanger. ) 

83 



^^^5^!^ 




n 



A Good Camp Bed for Tents, or Tent Carpet. — 

Take fine ends of any branch clippings, and plenty 
of them. Commence at head of tent, lay rows of 
them butts to the rear, in successive layers. If 
this is done right and carefully and ends locked 
with a log rolled on so as to hold end in place, an 
extremely soft bed is the result. Over this spread 
vour tent floor cloth and stake down (or use camp 
combination). 

If Thirsty and Can't Find Waten— Place a peb- 
ble or button in the mouth and keep it there; it will 
surprise you with the result, and relieve that dry- 
ness entirely — try it. 

No Loaded Fire Arms in Tent.— Don't have 
loaded fire arms in tent; a simple fall of rifle or 
gun may have serious results; make this a rule. 

Distress Signal.— It is generally understood (or 
ought to be) that three shots in succession, another 
shot a minute or so afterward, is a signal of distress. 

Lost in Camp. — When you find you have lost 
your way, don't lose your head — keep cool; try 
and not let your brains get into your feet. By this, 
we mean, don't run around and make things 
worse, and play yourself out. First: Sit down 
and think; cool off, then climb a tree, or hill, and 
endeavor to locate some familiar object you 
passed, so as to retrace your steps. If it gets 
dark, build a rousing camp fire. Ten to one you 
will be missed from camp, and your comrades will 
soon be searching for you, and your fire will be 
seen by them. (If you have been wise, read your 
Manual and see cooking, etc., without utensils, 
fire without matches, camp shelter, and the human 
compass, etc.) Give distress signals, but don't 
waste all your ammunition thus. It's ten to one 
morning and a clear head, after a comfortable" 

34 



'■^r^^^^S'^^!^^^"^^ 



night, (if you make it so) will reveal to you the 
fact that your camp is much closer to you than 
you imagined. 

I have seen good men lost within rifle shot of 
camp. A cool head can accomplish much — a 
rattled one, nothing. 

To locate position — note the limbs and bark 
of trees — the north side o^ trees can be noted 
by the thickness and general roughness. Moss 
most generally is to be found near the roots 
on the north side. Note also— limbs or longer 
branches, which generally are to be found 
longer on south side of trees, while the branches 
exposed to the north most generally are knotty, 
twisted and drooped. In the forest the tops 
of the pine trees dip or trend to the north; 
also: If you find water, follow it; it generally 
leads somewhere — where civilization exists. The 
tendency of people lost, is to travel in a circle 
uselessly; by all means, keep cool, and deliberate, 
Blaze your way, by leaving marks on trees to 
indicate the direction you have taken; read up on 
this Manual, which should be always kept in your 
pocket when in camp or out; it's made the right 
size to carry there. A cool head and a stout 
heart, and lost in camp is really a comedy — not 
the tragedy — some people make it. This is the 
the time a compass is invaluable. 

To Make a Fire Without Matches.— Things 
sometimes invaluable : Such simple facts as these 
have saved a life many a time. Take a dry hand- 
kerchief or cotton lining of your coat, scrape out a 
very fine lint, a few handfuls, by using the crystal 
of your watch, compass or spectacle, a sun glass 
can be made that will ignite the lint, which can be 
blown to fire. 

35 



Another "Way.— Sprinkle powder of cartridge 
as a fuse to the cotton lint, and with the cartridge 
percussion cap you can easily ignite the lint, dry 
moss, leaves, etc. 

Still Another Way. — Take scrapings of very fine 
pine wood, find a piece of quartz or hard ragged 
rock, by using your knife as a steel (a ramrod) 
you have a practical §int and steel. If you haven't 
these things, use two pieces of rough, jagged stone 
and by striking them together sharply in slanting 
blows you can ignite the lint or scrapings. (These 
are times when a waterproof match box and 
matches are worth their weight in gold. 

To Dry Inside of Wet Boots^ Shoes, Etc.— The 
last thing at night take a few handfuls of clean, 
dry pebbles, heat them in frying pan, kettle or 
camp fire until very hot, place them in the boots or 
shoes, they will dry them out thoroughly in a few 
hours, shake once in a while. Soldiers use oats or 
corn, but this is not available always, and pebbles 
are. Now is an excellent time to grease or oil 
them. (See waterproof for boots, shoes, etc., else- 
where). 

A Tent Fly — makes a capital shelter and shade 
for your camp cooking and dining purposes. In 
an emergency it will also serve as a large shelter 
tent or a large tarpaulin by which you can keep 
your rations dry, and as an additional shelter to the 
tent proper when desired. By all means we ad- 
vise an extra tent fly to be taken along when in 
camp. 

A Good Compass.— Always carry a good com- 
pass to camp. (See waterproof safety compass). 
It's the kind you need never quarrel with, and if 
you do, the compass is dead right and you are posi- 
tively wrong. 

36 



<^^:»M« 



To make a Good Camp Lantern— From any or- 
dinary clear glass bottle, if the bottle is long necked. 
Heat a piece o£ wire red hot, and wrap it around 
the part below the neck, the wide part, submerge 
the neck into a bucket of water and it will cut the 
part surrounded by the hot wire as smooth and 
clean as if cut to order. Now wire a bail or handle 
to carry it by, with a loop over the bottom, fill % 
full with moist dirt or sand, forming a hole therein 
with a round stick, insert your piece of candle in 
this hole, cover with a piece of old tin can top 
(perforated with holes) and you have a good out- 
side camp lantern. A small coil of wire is always 
a handy thing in camp. (See camp outfit, it's in- 
cluded therein). Common sheet glass can be cut 
with scissors if held flat under the water while cut- 
ting it— try ft. 

Don't Sit or Lay on the Bare Ground.— Military 
statistics has proven beyond question that one-half 
of the sickness incident to camp and field life is 
due. to neglect of this important caution. Better 
sit on your hat, anything except the bare ground, 
even the Indian avoids this^ he squats, as he knows 
it is harmful to even him. The United States 
Government now issues camp cots or beds to the 
United States troops in camp whenever possible, 
over 2oo,ooo.cots being issued to the United States 
troops (Gold Medal Brand). By all means avoid 
sitting or sleeping on the ground, is a golden rule 
in camp, even though it feels dry. 

Limit of Man's Pack.— Don't forget 40 pounds 
is the limit of a man's pack, more is making a pack 
mule of him. 

Prevent Sickness.— Keep the bowels open, head 
cool, feet dry and there will be li tie, if any, 
sickness in camp. 

37 



Hunters', Trappers' and Fishermen's Secrets for 
the capture pf small game or fish. Take Cocculus 
Indicus, pulverize it and mix with dough, scatter a 
few handfuls, in still water where fish frequent, 
they will seize it voraciously and will immediately 
become intoxicated, and turn belly up on the water, 
when they can be gathered in. Now place them 
in a bucket of water and they will soon revive and 
be as lively and healthy as ever; this does not in- 
jure the fish or the flesh in the slightest way, and 
is positively harmless, Those you do not wish to 
use turn loose again, they will soon be all right, as 
the effects are only temporary and intoxicating 
only. 

Oil of Rhodium. — A few drops on your bait 
when fishing with a hook, and fish will never re- 
fuse to bite. Add a little of this to bait on small 
game traps, or oil of Amber and Oil of Rhodium 
mixed, (equal parts) or beaver oil, and the odor 
will attract them from afar, their scent of this is re- 
markable and they will risk anything to secure it. 

These are reliable secrets of most noted trap- 
pers, and the above has been the Chinese secret 
of catching fish for centuries. 

Bird Lime* — As it is sometime desired to 
capture, unharmed, for mounting, or taxidermists' 
collections, certain birds; the following receipt 
will make an excellent sticky bird lime: Common 
linseed oil or varnish boiled down slowly until a 
very thick mass; place on limbs or branches 
where they frequent, or near their nests. I have 
often used this spread on papers to rid a Cent of 
fliesj or I used molasses and flour mixed to a 
consistency of thick cream and put in a tin plate. 

To Peel Onions. — Dip in water when peeling, 
they won't make your eyes water. 
38 



£^ 



The Twentieth Centura 
Camping' Outfit 

As time and things change and improve, so 
has camping outfits. Luxuries of a decade ago 
(seejning impossibilities) are only common neces- 
sities today. The man who went into camp twenty 
years ago went in with a feeling that "roughing it" 
was a necessary part of camp life. Today '^smoothing 
it" is the proper term, and the man who goes in 
with the intention of smoothing it is the one who 
comes out with the greatest percentage of benefit 
from his trip. 

We believe in and advocate roughing it as 
little as possible, although we admit that there is a 
certain pleasure in practicing the art, but when it 
comes to rolling ones, self in a blanket, sleeping, 
eating, sitting on the bare ground, cooking in a 
cup, frying everything— cooked and grease soaked 
in a pan, subsisting on corn dodgers and salt pork, 
packing ones outfit on his back, etc., we call a 
halt, for there is no more need of such old flint 
and steel, ancient methods. 

Nowadays a man can sit on a comfortable 
backed camp chair, eat from a. practical, portable 
camp table, or sleep on a first-class camp cot or 
bed. The weight and space of these three good 
things adding but a few pounds and square inches 
to his outfit. — 

Railroads now transport these things as bag- 
gage almost to the very "nick of the. woods," as it 
were, and that 20 pounds of weight today equals 
what would have been 50 pounds a few years ago. 

By judicious selection, today, a party can pro- 
vide themselves with comforts unheard of a few 

40 



r 



years ago. Folding boats, even h'iih f.aKs, a 14 oz. 
axe that will fell a tree, or a waterproof match box 
that can be carried in the hat band, and a host of 
more such good things, and the party who now 
heads for the woods will, if he be wise, see that his 
outfit be such as will at least give him genuine 
comfort. 

It is unnecessary to elaborate, but we do con- 
tend that there is a common sense medium between 
the two "its" — "roughing it vs. smoothing it," and to 
such as desire home comforts even in camp we 
respectfully dedicate the following pages. 



The Camp Combinatioii 
(Five in One) 



Of all things in "general camp usefulness and 
comfort," this is the most important, as reference 
to illustration shows. It comprises the following 
articles all in one: 

Camp Bed, Mattress and Blanket. 
Camp Sleeping Bag. 
Camp Hammock. 
Camp Shelter Tent. 
Canvas Roll-Up and Safety Carry-All 
and Pack. 

A Wind, Weather and "Waterproof Summer of 
Winter Camp Convenience.— First, it is an absolutely 
waterproof camp mattress, having a double bottom 
like a bag without ends; into this can be packed 
dry leaves, mos? or twigs, forming an excellent 
sanitary camp mattress. The side flaps and inner 
bottom can be fine blanket lined, waterproof khaki 
covered, which equals two to four blankets. 




m 



Hung in the shade it is an ideal Hammock and Bedding. 




Into which all clothing, bedding and dishes can be securely 
packed and folded, kept clean, dry and safe. 




can be slun^ up as a camp hammock, or made into 
a cot or zeroproof sleeping bag. The pillow flaps 
are formed of two large pockets, into which clean 
clothing is kept neatly folded, and forms an excel- 
lent pillow. The foot flaps tuck in keeping the 
feet warm and dry, and the blanket flaps can be 
arranged to lay on or cover over you, converting it 
into a summer weather outfit or a winter one. The 
blanket flaps can also in very hot weather be ar-, 
ranged as a dewproof shelter tent as shown, if 
desired to sleepout in the open air. Last but not 
least, your entire outfit can be rolled securely, 
packed inside and strapped to any size bundle or 
pack with adjustable straps provided for the pur- 
pose, and carried as a knapsack or blanket roll on 
on your back, thrown into a wagon or buggy seat, 
or strapped to the saddle military fashion. 

Its extreme size opened up covers over 9x7 
feet, thus adapting itself to any size person, and 
its entire weight is but 10 pounds, while its size as 
a pack is but 30 x 4 inches. 




Carry-All. 

It is extensively used by military officers for 
campaign work in the field, and by cattlemen who 
desire an article well made and extremely service- 
able, one that can be put to a variety of uses. 

It can be laid on the ground and keeps the 
sleeper dry, even should the grass or earth be wet. 
As can be seen by engraving it is a combination 
most desirable for all round camping uBes. 
43 



"About Camp Furniture" — For permanent 
camp, portable house, lodge, log cabin, etc., I 
refer the reader to the various grades of camp 
furniture illustrated herein. 

But if out for a trip of a few weeks time and 
you travel or equip Hght (and right) packing 
your own supplies so to speak, I do not advise 
any camping outfit. To lug along so-called 
"Portable Camp Furniture" — even be they 
out for a trip of a month's duration. 

Even to Military men its bulk and weight be- 
comes a serious objection (except when in per- 
manent camp), so much so, that it is often 
abandoned for lack of transportation, pack 
facilities ^ or breakage. 

There is no more need of littering up one's 
outfit with such stuff, than there is necessity 
of toting along your mother-in-la-v/ to make up 
beds. And to substantiate t'lis, I intend to 
show and illustrate how easily uch things can 
be improvised from Ihe materials to be found in 
proximity t th. pot r.elee .ed for the camp itself, 
which after admirably serving :tr ^ urpos •, can be 
abandoned or left, as a remind )r of your in- 
genuity and skill i- "Woodcraf; ' for the next 
sportsman wh . " ' appens that way," or for your 
own next outing "".o -:ome. 

But Jittle time is necessary t^ construct or 
improvise these things — if you must have them 
— and the following saving in round dollars, 
weight and space will perhaps lead you to cogi- 
tate and make up your mind to follow my sug- 
gestions. 



A one person campcot costs$2.50to$3.00, 
weighs 15 pounds, occupies 3 feet of packing 
space by 8 to 10 inches width. A common 
camp table, equal cost weight and space, a 
back camp chair (ordinary pattern), one- 
half the above. 



It is obvious to the intelligent that these 
three articles (simply a one man outfit) occupies 
1x3 feet of actual space in your kit, weighs 30 
to 40 pounds dead weight costs $8 to $10 and 



45 



1 
i 



constitutes a fair-sized load alone, and should 
it be, that each member travels thus on the 
"Feather Bed Plan" you will need a pack mule, 
wagon or trunk to tote it around. Why, it's 
enough to cause mule suicide in the first muddy 
or quicksand creek he crosses, or at least to 
tempt him to kick the " Onery outfit" to kindling 
(where it eventually goes) , leaving you to choke 
down cuss words and mourn the loss of the good 
$20 to $50 bill that the whole blooming outfit 
really cost you 

If, however, the party is burdened with an 
excess of coin, or desires to litter his pack or 
camp outfit with a lot of bulky "so-called 
necessities" in the furniture line, there is ample 
opportunity to blow in your hard earned coin, 
on freight express — such fixings, and what nots, 
and plenty of alluring literature, advertising, 
which explains their desirable features but ig- 
nores the undesirable ones. 

There is no more necessity of taking such 
things on a trip than there is of lugging the 
"Kitchen range along," as my articles on camp- 
fires and cooking will show, for with a few simple 
tools (things in that and other lines beside) , can 
be easily improvised by the party itself. Material 
abundantly supplied from the woods in the 
vicinity of most any camp, and ample oppor- 
tunity furnished for recreative exercise which 
will serve to while away many a tedious hour of 
camp life — When it's too dry to hunt, too wet to 
fish, or too hot to leave the shady side of a com- 
fortable camp in the woods. 

In this, as in other things, it is ridiculous to 
observe the good money thrown away by tyro 
sportsmen, who think such things essential to 
"smoothing it," he goes into the woods with a 
fair-sized mule load and comes out with mulish 
experience, leaving generally behind him, some- 
where, a monument of such superfluous articles 
(really kindling), behind — . 

Better far had he taken a few simple tools 
along instead. Then would the problem of 
luxurious Camp Furniture (a la rustic) be easily 
solved and money enough saved to pay the 
ordinary expenses of the trip besides. 



In nearly every camping party of say three 
or more, will be found one, who, while not an 
artisan, a mechanic, is at least handy in the 
use of a few ordinary tools (if brought along) 
They come in handy in a hundred different ways 
with them repairs to guns or fishing tackle, 
boats, harness, wagon, tent poles, utensils, etc., 
or a host of necessary camp equipage can be 
made ; for in camp one can make few tools an- 
swer multitudinous purposes under compulsion, 
drawing on nature for implements and material 
as needed besides as they want them. 

On the other hand without such tools great in- 
convenience, in fact absolute suffering sometimes 
results from serious breakdowns, especially be 
it to boat, wagon or gun, when, to, perhaps 
there is no possible means (or tools) on hand to 
repair it. Brought about by your lugging along 
Camp furniture instead, or the failure to heed 
my timely advice and suggestions now. 

It has always been my claim that no outfit or 
party should take to the woods, without at least 
some sort of ''Kit of Tools'' not elaborate, but 
few and simple, and to make plain my recom- 
mendations on the subject I offer herewith a 
list of tools. Experience has time and time again 
found valuable, viz.: 1st. A piece of double 
width strong canvas about 6 or 8 ft. wide, 2 or 
3 yards long (in which is rolled the kit of tools) 
suggested as follows: 

A small hack saw (with rip and cross blades 
separate), a claw hammer hatchet, a carpenter's 
brace (with a one and two inch bit), a flat file, 
a 2 pound bag of assorted nails and tacks, a 
5c coil of wire, pliers, and if not too much, a 
common draw knife, as illustrated. Last, a 
few yards of ordinary small-size rope which can 
be used to tie up the entire outfit; when rolled 
into the canvas previously mentioned, which 
serves as a carry-all for the entire and substantial 
kit — weighing in all about 10 to 15 pounds. 




a 



49 



The Kit of Tools. (See About Camp Furniture.) 





1 Flat File 

1 Combination Tool Set 

1 Brace (1 and 2 inch Bits) 

1 Hack Saw 

1 Claw Hammer Hatchet 

A- 2-lb. bag Assorted Nails 




(Roll up Outfit in Canvas ) 



1 Draw Knife 

1 Roll Double Width Canvas .. 

1 Tape Measure m\ 

2 Spools Soft Wire T 
2 Tent Needles.l Sewing Palm 
1 Ball Twine 



With such as this, by the aid of the sugges- 
tions I offer, one can improvise, construct or 
repair anything from a brush hut to a log house, 
raft, or camp furniture, galore — cots, bed 
(double or single), tables, stools, benches, and 
the hundred and one things you need, with 
credit to your skill in "woodcraft" and with 
comfort unheard of before — made by yourself 
in a score of substarutial ways — If the hints 
and illustrations herein, are in any way — 
roughly — even crudely — followed, to wit: 



I 




To Make a Good Camp Cot or Bed take a 
piece of the canvas mentioned, about a foot 
longer than yourself, and say 40 inches wide, sew 
or stitch a hem 6 inches wide, along either side 
double seaming it if you can (this can be made 
before you start out if you wish) — then when 
you get to camp take two poles or cut saplings 
about 3 inches in diameter and a foot longer 
than your canvas, run them through the ends or 
loops, and lay the ends in 4 strong forks driven 
and braced in the ground for the purpose. 

Still Another Way. Have in your outfit 
some old, wide gunny sacks, cut out the closed 
end so as to have both ends open, slide these 
sacks over both poles, and you will have what will 
make the best "camp cots" sink into insignifi- 
cance. 





Another Way Simpler Still. Lay the side 
poles on two logs, brace apart by cut notches 
in the logs, so as to stretch tight the canvas — 
now spread your blankets (The Camp Com- 
bination — or sleeping bag — on this). The side 
poles v/ill spring with your weight and the result 
is a bed that you will enjoy after a hard tramp, 
more than you do your own bed at home — and 
equal to any $3 or $4, 15 lb. cot ever made — 
all at a price of perhaps 50c — and ten minutes 
pastime. 

If neither of these are available you can make 
almost any fair size piece of canvas answer the 
purpose of a good camp bed by first strewing 
brush leaves, grass, etc., or browse on the tent 
floor and staking down over it at the ends, a 
canvas floor cloth as shown in the illustration. 
Besides this, you have an advantage in having 
something excellent to roll your outfit in or to 
"kiver" the grub supplies, in case of danger 
from a sudden rain storm or a leaky tent. 








An Old Bed Tick Empty will serve a similar 
purpose if you don't want to bother with the 
poles, simply fill it with grass, leaves, weeds 
or browse, any of which makes a bed better 
than the hard ground, or equal to the cot plan — 




Or you can secure either of the "Camp Com- 
binations" which I have designed for the pur- 
pose as the illustrations show, and which is the 
happy medium between the best Camp cots 
and the Sleeping Bag, by their use, as illustrated, 
they are adapted for all kinds of weather and 
uses; For instance, if the weather is warm so 
that all this covering is not needed by the 
sleeper, he may shift it to suit w^eather and 
taste, crawling in on top of as much of it as he 
may wish, and the less he has over him, the 
more he will have under him, and softer be his 
bed. Besides this, being water and wind proof, 
one can button themselves therein, as snug as 
a bug in a rug, leaving, if needs be only his 
nose out as an air hole — and no matter what 
horrid nightmares he may have, he can neither 
roll out of bed or cot, or kick off the "kivers" — 
nor will he catch the draft of cold air that comes 
along from the under side of a camp cot about 
the north side of his spine every time he turns 
over on the cold canvas of a cot, as he will surely 
do when sleeping on them. Neither will the 
"kivers" fall off — nor his feet crawl out and 
attract mosquitos (females) or chilblains as 



S3 



^^"^^^ 




u 



they are liable to do the other way — in short, 
he will have all of their much boasted advan- 
tages — none of their disadvantages, and if 
any brother sportsman wants one and can- 
not find an architect in his vicinity that will 
build it right, let him but write me and I will 
tell him where I have mine made, in such shape 
as to reflect credit on us both. 




If on a canoe trip, choose the one I invented 
with "Tent ends" as shown, then you have 
the ideal and complete outfit for its tent, bed, 
bedding, blankets, trunk and everything else. 
By many it is termed "Buzzacott's War Bag," 
because into it go boots, shoes, clothing, rope 
(tools), or anything that cannot be readily 
placed or carried somewhere else. It is always 
ready and there is always room for something 
more besides. 

The only objection to it, is that anything you 
want to get out is at the bottom, safe enough, 
but its only the work of a moment to dump 
the whole blamed outfit on mother earth, get 
what you're after, and stow the rest away again. 

When rolled up rain can come down in floods 
and its contents are safe and dry, you can jam 
it into the boat, or stray comer of a wagon 
box anywhere, stow it on top or under a high 
or heavy load, where a box or trunk could never 
ride half as easy. 

It can be knocked about at will without 
danger or damage. Train baggage smashers 
can fire it from one end of the car to the other, 



54 



or from the car to the other side of the platform 
in vain. It's proof against their heathenish 
instincts of Destruction, and makes them sigh 
when they see it coming, because they know 
they simply " Kint Bust it." You can cinch 
it onto the "oneriest" cayuse, or mule that lives, 
tight enough to ride for a month without fear 
of his smashing it, and it stands jamming against 
trees where even an iron trunk would come to 
grief. Have it made by a tent-maker if you 
wish, of strong canvas, and if you add to it a 
coat of waterproof paint, it will last as long as 
there's a feeling of camping out left in your 
bones. Makers of camp furniture and tents, 
however, don't like to make them because it 
robs them of a sale in both tent and camp 
furniture lines, and as put out by some of them, 
it's a snare and a delusion. Get it made right, 
pay a fair price for the work, and the stuff that 
it's made of, and you, have a "dingu^" that 
you'll swear by for many a long trip to come. 





A Modern Prairie Schooner. 



^^^^D>=« 



55 



'^^^^tr 




As for Camp Stool or Chair what is simpler 
than the billet of wood with a few auger holes 
and pointed stakes, as shown, even if a man's 
"bottom anatomy" is soft through sitting on 
office chairs — for with a few handfuls of grass 
or leaves, and a foot of the canvas even the 
luxurious cushion pad can be tacked on top to 
his infinite delight, while the legs of his chair 
can be cut to fit his particular make up, be he 
spindle, straight, or even bowlegged, used to a 
squat stool or a high leg office chair — 

Bear in mind now in speaking of things that 
some 25 years hard service has shown them to be 
in ^ the woods the real essential to "smoothing 
it." For those who want to ' ' rough it ' ' (carrying 
about) such things as camp cots, tables and 
chairs; let them — they'll come dov/n to "hard 
sense" after a while when experience teaches 
them a few more tricks of the trade. 




A Camp Cot' for Inside Tent Use. — Can be 

made by the simple plan of forming a rustic 
frame, 6 ft. long by 3 "or more feet wide, on which 
is stretched or tacked the canvas mattress cover 
or the lashing to its side of the camp combina- 
tion then mounted on slanting legs at both ends 
those of the head being a few inches longer than 
the foot for slant sake and the hygenic comforts 
they bestow, as is shown. 





The Camp Table for Tent Us., is made by 
the (plain auger hole and pointed stick princi- 
ple) — or by 4 stakes driven into the ground, or 
by the small center tree stump support, as 
shown. If boards or any old provision box 
tops are not available, stretch taut over a small 
rustic frame, well braced, a yard or so of the 
canvas and you'll have a table top you can well 
be proud of. These same instructions apply 
to outside rig for table and benches that puts 
to shame the "Camp Furniture Fixings" men 
have been lugging around to their detriment 
the past few years. 

Where "camp tables," bench or seat supports 
are needed for outdoor use, the simple method 
of inserting a short sapling of wood partly in the 
ground (tamping the dirt well around its base), 
will make an excellent foundation for a table top. 
(See illustration.) Or you can use forked stick 
uprights with a frame top, if desired over this 
frame should be drawn or tacked a portion of 
the canvas mentioned. If no boards or bark of 
trees is handy either will do, however, to make 
a most excellent table top. 





Showing Plan of Construction. 



56 




The Camp Dining Table and Benches, a la "Rustic. 



It is obvious by such means with the few- 
simple tools I recommend (which should form 
part of every kit or outfit taken to the woods), 
that there is no limit to the number of useful, 
simple and ingenious contrivances that can be 
made in the camp furniture line by the party 
itself, wherever a few dead limbs or tree branches 
can be found. 

Before concluding thi» chapter I deem it 
fitting to illustrate also what can be done with 
the canvas which I deem so essential to a camp- 
ing trip, or better yet, with a tarpaulin or old 
tent fly. It's a simple trick in woodcraft, but 
one that will come mighty handy, as will be seen. 

The only essential being that the canvas 
should be of a size in proportion to the needs 
of the occasion. 




57 







It may he, too, should the essential draw- 
knife accompany the tool kit, that a car- 
penter's vise would come in handy; if so, make 
one anywhere in the woods by cutting a sap- 
ling 5 or 6 inches in diameter, about two feet 
above the grounds, splitting the stump in the 
center. You can pry open the jaws of the split 
with an ax or wedge, so as to insert the article 
you wish to work on. If the pressure should 
not suffice to hold the article firmly put a rope 
around just below, rig a tourniquet and squeeze 
until the sap simmers out at the top if you will. 

If desired, an auger hole as shown in illustra- 
tion will be found excellent as a grip for the 
article to be held therein. By these means a 
practical carpenter shop can be rigged up any 
where in the woods. 

At the same time it is manifest to the reader 
that such tools (even for a large parties' use) 
would not equal even the bulk and weight of a 
"single camp cot" alone, with all its much 
boasted portability. Thus will it be seen that 
the sportsman who lugs along camp furniture 
instead of tools to the woods and back again 
can be reckoned with those who have yet to 
learn the simple tricks practiced by his more 
experienced (and fortunate) brethren, who, by 
observation, has grown wise, and profited by the 
experience of others by avoiding their failures 
and emulating their really simple yet practical 
achievements. 



^^^^«r» 



It is such recreation as this that recuperates 
the nervous energies, jaded from worry, care or 
pressure of commercial or professional life; 
would that the thousands of cases of heart dis- 
ease, tuberculosis, brain, eye, mind and nervous 

troubles, insomnia, dyspepsia, etc., ■ 

would profit by this advice. 

To such I say, cut loose awhile from your 
elegant homes, and its luxurious furnishings; 
"Go instead to the wilds," live in camp; im- 
prove the hand and mind by new channels of 
exercise and thought; feel that it is good to live 
thus away from the feathered bed plan. ^ Men 
were campers before they were house livers, 
but, hemmed in by brick and stone walls, for 
generations, their hand has forgotten its cunning 
and craft, in the matter of outdoor home build- 
ing in the "woods." Now when they would 
dwell in tents let them seek the simpler com- 
forts, such as may be gleaned from the wilder- 
ness or woods wherein camp is to be pitched 
and made. 

Then will the echo of my words, "It is good 
to live thus," come back to you, elaborate if 
you choose or must, camp furniture, there is 
plenty for you, but do not pass over too lightly 
my hints for making your own essential things 
as suggested in my article "Making Camp 
Furniture" with the little kit of tools, instead of 
spending your coin for them and littering up 
your Camp outfit — and Pack with superfluous 
articles (so-called necessities) in the Camp 
Furniture line. 




59 



^'^S^ 








"Buzzacott's Combined Tent and Bedding Outfit. 

The following description and illustrations 
will serve to convey an idea of another of the 
author's inventions, which for some time past 
has been put up in practical form for those who 
desire such an article, excellently and sub- 
stantially made. It consists of three sections 
of canvas of suitable length, weight and width, 
having at its extreme ends grommet holes, 
to which is fastened guy or lashing ropes, the 
center section is made of heavy waterproof 
canvas, so arranged as to be staked down to 
the ground over a bed of grass leaves, hay, 
straw or browse, so as to form an excellent 
and dry bed, a capital mattress so to speak, for 
if this is done an admirable soft, restful bed 
is secured over which is spread the blankets for 
the sleeper's use, while the end sections can be 
used as additional covers, according to weather 
or needs. 

If, however, the weather is such that a partial 
or complete tent is necessary as cover from 
dews or the rays of the sun or moon, one of the 
end sections is thrown over 2 forked uprights 
cut for the purpose, anywhere in the woods, or 
by using boat oars or canoe paddles. This 
when staked out form a complete half tent 
over the sleepers the other half section remain- 
ing, serves as an excellent canvas (dew or mois- 
ture proof) covering for his blankets, while its 
extra width can be tucked snugly about him. 

Should, however, a ''complete tent'' a covering 
being needed, which will be practically storm 
or rain proof, all that is necessary to do is to 
throw over the poles shown. The remaining end 
section of canvas, and lo, a complete admirable 
tent is formed, even to the side walls, or flaps 
which can be guyed or staked out to an angle 
much wider than the bed itself, for reasons as 
is apparent. 

It is par excellence for canoeists or two men 
hunting outfit who camp on the trail of game, 
as can be easily seen, and to those desiring same, 
fnade right in a substantial workmanlike manner. 
The author will furnish information on applica- 
tion or send one subject to your approval. 







Safety Pocket 
Match Box. 



Camp or Spt>rldiHeii's 
Necessities 

Odd to Look at^ but Remarkably Efficient Artidoft 

Almost anything will do to 
carry matches in if you don'i care 
a rap whether they are wet or dry. 
If you're a sportsman, your com- 
fort certainly and your life, possibly, 
may depend upon the condition of 
your matches. The happy-go-lucky 
sort of fellow who crams a handful 
of matches into an upper pocket 
of his shooting jacket when he 
starts on a hunting or fishing 
expedition, with no other protec- 
tion against moisture than the 
cloth, is mighty apt to go without a fire if he 
is caught out in a storm. Waterproof Pocket 
Match Box in all that the name implies. First 
and foremost it is waterproof — you can soak 
it in a bucket of water for a yea** an ' the matches 
will be as dry when you tahe \ leta rom the ton 
as when they went in. It's .i p jttkes match box — 
not cumbersome to carry, ard of sufficient capacity 
to keep a man in fires and smokes for several days. 
It's made from brass, heavily nickeled, and is 
about the size of a 12-gauge shot shell. It may be 
carried in the cartridge belt ii. desired. I.: will 
last a lifetime— there's not a shoddy piece of 
material or workmanship in it. It's so cheap 
every sportsman can afford to ov/n one — indeed no 
sportsman can afford to be without one. Did you 
ever tumble off a log or break through tho ice 
into the water on a freezing cold day? How much 
would a handful oC drv r atches have been worth 
o9 



r 



K 



to you when you crawled out? Did you ever get 
caught out while camping? If you did you know 
that a dry match is worth dollars — if you haven't 
one. Did you ever get cnught in a cold rain-storm, 
miles from home, and have to camp under a bunch 
of balsams until the shower was over? If you did 
you wanted dry matches, and you wanted them 
mighty badly. Did you ever sit on a log, wet and 
tired, and fill your pipe for a comforting smoke 
and find every dodratted match in your clothes 
damp? if you did, you said some awfully warm 
things — but you didn't smoke. Did you ever 
come into camp wet, tired, and hungrier than a 
bear, and find your partner eating raw pork and 
crackers, because the blankety, blank tent leaked 
just above where you left the match box? That's 
when a dry match is worth more than a gallon of 
snake medicine. About the only substitute for 
the Recreation Waterproof Pocket Match Box, is 
a tightly corked bottle. Bottles break. Corks 
are easily lost. In fact there's nothing to be de- 
sired fn the way of utility, beauty, compactness, 
lightness and capacity. A Recreation Waterproof 
Pocket Match Box, with a Safety Pocket Axe, 
make a fire certain in any weather. It insures a 
smoke or a fire when most sorely needed. 

Constrtiction — The box is drawn brass shell 
13-16 inch in diameter. The bottom of the box is 
double threaded to receive threaded collar which 
is attached to the downwardly extending arms of 
the cover. The cover has a rubber gasket firmly 
held in place by a brass washer with projecting 
tooth which prevents the cover being swung too 
far to one side. 

Operation— Grasp the knurls at the side of the 
cover with the thumb and forefinger, turn the box 
to the left, swing cover to one side. In closing, 
screw box snugly against the rubber gasket in 
cover, when it will be absolutely waterproof. 

60 



.^^^^^^!;2^^ 



8» 



THe Handy Compass 

Every military man or camper 
carries a compass. Most veterans 
do, all ought to. It's annoying to 
lay a course by compass at any 
time. If one is obliged to fish 
around through his pockets for the 
iijstrument and then wait to steady 
the needle, it's worse than annoy- 
ing — it breeds profanity. With 
this Handy Compass it is different. 
To begin with the compass is 
accurate; this saves lots of steps. 
It has a deep box. This means 
that the needle has great freedom 

Handy Compass. q£ action and keeps its direction 

stationary or Ke- ^ 

voiving Dials all the time. It is made in two 
hat!"coat,°sh?Jt^ styles: Plain, that is with the 

wan"''Gua/an" <^^^^"^^y ^^^^' °^ similar with a 
teed absolutely marine compass, with a card which 
'^ ^^ ^' rerolves with the needle, a great 

convenience to the inexperienced user. It pins 
securely to the outside of the coat or vest 
where it is always in sight, always in position 
and can be constantly consulted without 
halting. It is absolutely water and moisture 
proof. This means that the post is always 
free from rust and the needle works accurately. 
It is so made that the crystal can, with no 
trouble, be removed to re-adjust the post. It 
is neither large nor small— just large enough. 
{i}i inches in diameter). If you've ever hunted 
through one pocket after another for a compass on 
a bitterly cold winter's day, with a chilling wind 
penetrating to the very marrow of your bones, 
you've been where a Handy Compass would have 
61 



<i , 



been worth more than its weight in gold. If 

you've ever followed a through miles of 

unfamiliar country and found it necessary to find 
your way back to camp by compass you have been 
in another position where a Handy Compass is 
simply invaluable. If you've ever hunted or 
cruised over a new region on a cloudy day, you 
know just how handy a compass, always level and 
always in sight is. If you've gone scouting and 
lost your way in the country where mosquitoes seem 
to breed under every fallen leaf, you've been in a 
place where you wouldn't trade one Handy 
Compass for a bushel of the ordinary kind. If 
you've carried a compass in your pocket with a 
knife and keys, you've wondered why the needle 
didn't work right. Demagnetized, but you didn't 
know it. If you've been in a new country with the 
o-rdinary sort of pocket compass, you know that 
the trouble of gettmg it out, opening it and stop- 
ping to settle the needle keeps you from 
consulting it as much as you ought. With this 
Handy Compass, a fairly accurate course may be 
laid without stopping at all. Being firmly attached 
to the coat, vest or belt, it is not likely to be 
forgotten, mislaid or lost. Equipped with a good 
rifle, this Handy Compass, -a Pocket Axe and a 
Waterproof Match Box, one may cross and 
re-cross the continent without a guide. 




A Safety- PocKet A.xe 
THat is Not a Toy 

It's a practical little axe intended to be carried 
in the pocket or at the belt. It's large enough to fell 
a tree in a few moments, and so small that it's never 
in the way or burdensome to carry. A convincing 
demonstration by the inventor has been to fell an 
eight-inch Norway pine in five minutes by the 



Open and Closed View. 

watch, a feat that most men of average strength 
and skill can duplicate, using this diminutive tool. 
Every axe is absolutely guaranteed against defec- 
tive material or workmanship. It is light, extremely 
durable, can be carried in a coat pocket, hip 
pocket or at the belt; it is evenly balanced, and is 
the only axe on the market with a safety guard. 
Sportsmen need it in camp and in the woods. In 
camp it serves all the purposes of axe, hatchet 
and hammer, and in the woods is useful in a 
hundred different ways. Caught far from camp 
at nightfall, the hunter can in a few moments 
provide himself with a bed of boughs and the 
firewood necessary to make him comfortable for 
the night. Should he wish to cross an unfordable 
stream, the axe and a leaning tree provide a 
convenient bridge, or this failing, a raft is easily 
constructed, which will float hunter and game 
over river or lake. It's no sport to cut a gambrel 

63 



s 



Reliable C&mp or 
Sportsmans Specialties 

Closed. Opened. f i > . .1 

I- t-Pifv- rr ■ Till 



Sportsmen's Telescope and Caae. 
Very powerful. 




|>«ck Harness. PoldlBg Pocket Hunting Knife 

Articles tb^t CMk b* r«Ued t 



64 



stick, or poles for carrying a big buck, with a 
pocket knife. A dozen blows with the axe do the 
business perfectly. In passing through a dense 
growth of underbrush, a blow here and there with 
the pocket axe saves a world of climbing and 
crawling. No one who is not a fisherman can 
know now exasperating it is to find one's hook 
caught in a branch just beyond his reach, or on a 
snag under the icy water of a bushy trout stream. 
A stroke or two with the axe and the hook is free. 
And so it might be enumerated scores of instances 
where the pocket axe proves itself "the handiest 
tool the sportsman ever carried." Military men, 
tourists, canoeists, yachtsmen, etc., find the little 
axe almost indispensable — it is, indeed, "the hand- 
iest tool the sportsman ever carried." But it's use 
is not by any means limited to the great fraternity 
of hunters and fishermen; land cruisers, surveyors^ 
log scalers, and camp foremen find it almost 
indispensable, as it fulfills all the requirements of a 
large axe without its weight or bulkiness. No 
camping outfit or hunting kit is complete without 
one of them. 

How They Arc Made— They are made from the 
finest steel, sharpened to a fine cutting edge and 
protected by a patented metal guard which folds 
back into a groove in the underside of the handle 
when the axe is in use, and at other times fits 
closely over the edge of the blade, protecting both 
the cutting edge of axe and anything it may come 
in contact with from injury. This metal guard is 
lined with lead, so that the cutting edge of the axe 
cannot become dulled from the guard itself. 

About Sizes, Styles and Weights— The axe is 
made in two styles, and in four weights, viz.: 14 oz. 
18 oz., 20 oz. and 24 oz, There are two lengths of 
bandies, viz.: 11 inch and 12 inch. 

65 



A Good Hunting' Knife 



Did you ever see a really good hunting knife? 
Ten to one you didn't unless you have seen a 
Sportsman's Ideal Hunting Knife. It's different 
from any other — better. In the first place it is 
hand made throughout, hand forged, hand polished, 
hand mounted, hand sharpened, and it is made 
and designed by the pocket axe man — that alone 






would recommend it. Tbe maker is a hunter. There 
is nothing theoretical in the construction of the 
knife. It's made on lines which constant and 
varied experience have proven to be essential in a 
hunter's knife. The blades are hand-forged from 
the finest razor steel by an expert, and are fully 
warranted. They will hold an edge under treat- 
ment that would ruin the average so-called 
"hunting knife." The special design of the blade 
(see cut) with its heavy back and bone cutting 
surface near the point, and its peculiar double 
concave surface gives it the necessary weight 
for heavy use and by carrying the heavy 
metal well down to the edge does away with 
thin, brittle cutting edge which renders most 
knives useless for heavy work. The handle is 
made from laminated leather set in waterproof 
cement, with hard rubber and aluminum trimmings, 
and is held to the blade bv a heavy steel shank 
which extends through thebuckhorn tip and ends 
in a flush ground set nut. Every knife is tested 
by striking repeatedly into a hard hemlock knot be- 
fore packing for shipment and the slightest sign of 
66 



I 



h 



KIMiIe^d Celeb^alea Hunting 
rUhing Knives. 




brittleness or softness results in its condemnation . 
The bone chopper at the back of the point is a 
feature possessed by no other knife and is 
invaluable, as it may be used for every kind of 
rough cutting, thus preserving the keen knife 
edge for cutting and :kinning. The "Ideal'' 
weighs about six ounces, the blade is about six 
inches in length and from its peculiar and original 
construction slides into our Special Ideal Sheath 
almost its entire length, rendering accidental loss 
from the sheath impossible. 



MTater Cooling Canteen 

For Campers Out Generally, Soldiers and Military 
Men Especially— There is nothing so indispensable 
or important to the soldier as his canteen. Within 
the last quarter century the greatest improvement 
in the individual soldier's kit is the Lanz water 
canteen. No officer, soldier or camper-out should 
be without one. 




The Lanz Water Cooliag- Canteen. 
Military statistics abundantly prove that in 
every climate, the tropics especially, thouna'ads 
and thousands of soldiers an] cliCiniii ^ai'e 
contract^ sickncss.:nddjoCaseanddiGdttiw.,Gfrom, 
^he ar.'.:: of which can be directly ' raced to 



impure, unpalatable water. A cool drink has 
saved many a man's life, and is sometimes worth 
its weight in jjold in the field. The principal of 
this canteen "is the cooling of the water contained 
therein by retarded evaporation." 

For centuries :he Indians and Mexicans have 
been known to carry water on Ihe march with them 
for days, which was found to be as cool and 
palatable as the day the supply was taken from 
the spring at the commencement of the journey. 
Exposure to the sun and heat did not heat or 
render their water unpalatable. We have 
improved upon their system, which for centuries 
have been almost unavailed of by white men 
owing to innumerable difficulties which we have 




Sectional View of Water Cooling Canteen, 
surmounted, and if the simple directions which 
accompany each canteen is followed, a cool drink 
it guaranteed, even under the heat of the tropics, 
days after the canteen was filler 

By reversing the system water will not freeze 
in ordinary freezing temperature, and hot coffee, 
tea, etc., can be carried for hours, when if placed 
in the ordinary canteen, it would have been frozen. 

Filled with boiling water it is a foot warmer 
(a hot water bottle for your camp bed), that insures 
you the warmth of an extra blanket, and is 
invaluable in emergencies of camp sickness, or 
even at home. (See camp do tor) 
69 

:.2^ 





A Combination Cooking Kit, Mess Kit and 
Water Canteen. 

To those desiring an "Outfit" 
that includes the individual mess 
kit (dishes) which can be used 
for Ordinary Cooking Purposes, 
together with a complete water 
bottle or canteen, I refer them 
to the Preston Mess Kit as illus- 
trated herewith, as can be seen, 
it is an ingenious contrivance, so 
arranged as to include all in the 
one package . The two plate parts 
form a bake pan, or when fitted, 
together on the handled part, an 
excellent fry pan, either 
as can be observed, also 
serve as plates for one 
or two persons, the cup 
forming an excellent 
coffee pot, and the can- 
teen part an excellent 
water bottle; a knife, 
fork and spoon, with 
the bag and straps com- 
plete the outfit, which 
is made to carry as the 
ordinary canteen when 
all is packed together. 
It is an admirable out- 
fit for an individual 
canoe trip, and if each 
member of an hunt- 
ing outfit carries one 



to the woods it is 



obvious they are thoroughly equipped with 
both cooking and serving utensils, and an ex- 
cellent canteen or water bottle all m one m these 
as in any other things mentioned in this manual, 
information as to where to procure them, cost, 
etc., will be furnished by writing the author 

on the subject. • — —; tt -.• t>. • 

This is the Outfit Richard Harding Davis 
describes in his famous writings of "Kits and 
Outfits." 



70 




The **Buzzacott" Army Mess Kit and Canteen. 





Using the Cup, 



Method of Nesting. 



Knife, Fork and Spoon. 




Entire Kit Packed. (View of Cork.) 

71 




Bag. 



^r^^^s'^^5^^ 



I 



The <*Buzzacott" Combined Army Cooking Kit, 
Mess Kit and Canteen. 





1 & 2. Cup Parts, show- 
ing lugs. 

3 & 4. Plate Parts (with 
Detachable Handle 5) 
the parts united are 
used for Cooking, Bak- 
ing, Boiling, Etc. 

5. Canteen part only. 

6. Entire Outfit in Case 
and Slings. 



Entire Kit Packed in 
Case. 



Tents and Shelters 

A good tent is a luxury^ a poor tent an abom- 
ination. Here we illustrate and make plain to the 
eye, none but those that experience have proven 
the most reliable for general camp uses. 

In the selection of a tent, one must be guided 
by circumstances, the requirements of the party 
— pack — the nature of the ioCtUty and season 
where it is proposed to use it. 

Most generally the wall tent, with fly, as adopted 
by the United States Government and National 
Guard is used and is an excellent all around 
tent, especially so, if an extra single, or better 
yet, a double tent fly, be added (see engraving). 

By single fly is meant, a piece of wide, long 
canvas which barely extends over the roof of the 
tent proper, whereas a double fly extends over the 
roof and an equal space the size of the tent in 
front, also, thus securing a large shaded space 
which can be used as a lounging place or dining 
pavillion (see Wall or Munson tent), these tents all 
require three or more poles. 

To the sportsmen and campers out, however, 
who desire to travel economically and light, I 
recommend a combination between the wall tent 
and others, or what is known as the single pole 
tents, ue., tents that require but one pole, which is 
easily carried along, or you can cut such a pole 
from the limb of any ordinary size tree, en route. 
These tents are roomy and comfortable, especially 
if a wall be provided. They give more available 
room or space than any tent its size or 
weight. Opened up or with walls lifted they shade 
a space equal to any tent made, are cool and 
comfortable and can be closed down tightly in a 



73 




The Most 
Modern 
Tent Made. 
3 to 4 foot 
Walls, with 
Double Fly. 
Cud of Fly Broken Away to Reveal Ventilator. 

Above tent adopted by American, British and 
Canadian Governments for their Field Hospitals. 



74 



few seconds, storm proof and snug, and if a 
canvas floor cloth be used under which is strewn 
dry leaves and grass, an excellent tent carpet or 
soft bed, comfortable, restful and dry is the 
result, to an extreme if desired. 

However, I submit and illustrate herewith all 
reliable tents and shelter. Leaving the selection 
entirely to our readers and no matter what your 
decision, you may rest assured of satisfactory 
results, unless you depart from the types we quote. 
If you desire it, and it is well worth the trouble 
and cost, you can water and fireproof any tent by this 
simple receipt: Rainwater (tepid), two to three 
buckets full; add to this 3 or 4 lbs. sugar of lead, 
and 3 or 4 lbs. alum (costing about 75 cents). 
Soak your tent over night. In the morning take it 
out and hang up to drip and dry; spread it out on 
the grass will do. It is now both fire and water 
proof. This is the British Government method of 
water and fire proofing tents — and is excellent. 
(Allow to saturate thoroughly and dry well before 
packing away.) If thoroughly dried the tent is 
also mildew proof. 

Canvas or duck used in tents is designated 
according to number of ounces to the yard, for 
instance: 10 ounce duck means, 10 ounces to the 
yard; 12 ounce duck, 12 ounces to the yard; 8 
ounce duck, however, should not be used in tents 
that are subject to severe service. If 10 ounce is 
used and waterproofed it is equal to the very best 
12 ounce or standard army duck. 

All tents should be provided with deep sod 
cloths, also floor cloths, stout guy ropes, and never- 
break malleable iron stakes or tent pins, which 
really occupy less space and weight than the kind 

75 



S 



^^^^^S^'^S^J^^ 




Single Pole System 

of Portable Tentag'e 



The Miner Tent 

Without 
Wall. 

A Very Portable 
Single Pole 
Tent for 
All Around 
Camping 
Purposes. 




The Miner Tent. 

With Wall. 

An Excellent 

Hunting 

and 

Fishing 

Tent. 



The Bell or 
Sibley Tent. 

Will Accom- 
modate 
easily 6 to lO 
Persons. 

Adopted by 
the U.S. and 
Leading 
ForeignGov- 
ernments. 




that break— and which cost no more in the end; 
besides, they should be carried in a light bag, for 
reasons which manifest themselves. 

On the Question of Tentage— One will do well 
to look ahead, and to keep abreast of the times. 
The past century has witnessed great changes, and 
now, the leading governments of the world, incline 
favorably toward the Khaki system of tentage. It 
has been proven by actual and most extensive tests 
that Khaki (drab or tan color,) is far superior to 
white from every point of view, sanitary or 
hygienic. Tents made of Khaki are found to be 
cool and restful to the eye and mind, far less 
conspicuous and glaring than the white, besides 
do not soil so readily. Exhaustive tests have 
demonstrated that the sick and convalescent 
thrive better under the restful influence of 
Khaki color and shade. The tents are cooler, and 
it is found that flies, mosquitoes, etc., dislike their 
interior. Too much in favor of the Munson 
Sanitary Tent cannot be said. Our own govern- 
ment in the Philippines, and the British army in 
South Africa, commend them as far superior to the 
old style of white canvas. In point of field and 
camp equipment the United States Government 
is admitted by all nations to be far in the lead, 
and the adoption of the United States system of 
tentage by leading European powers is now a fact. 



7x7 ft. 


7x14 ft. 


7x7 ft. 


7x7 ft. 


7x7 ft. 



Ground Floor Plan of Family Compartment Tent. 
(Page 69.) Thus a large tent 21x14 feet can be 
divided into partitioned rooms, four of which are 7x7 
ft., leaving the center pavilion 14x7 ft., to be used for 
lounging or dining purposes. 

77 




High Walls, 

5 feet. 
Very Roomy 

Front Flap 

used as 

Awning. 




Family Compartment Tent. 
Size, 14x21 ft.— 6 ft. walls. 
(See Page 68) 



Soconstruct- 
- ed as to pro- 
vide special 
separate 
rooms, insur- 
ing prnvacy. 
So arranged 
thai the 
whole can be 
thrown into 
when desired. 




We comm^^d carefully to our readers that 
system, and advise that your tentist only construct 
foi* you tents made of United States Standard 
Khaki Duck, lo ounce double filling. 

Should your tentist not keep a supply of 
Khaki duck on hand, it is safe to assume that he 
is not keeping abreast of the times. See to it 
also that you are provided with malleable iron 
tent pins, which have merits that outrank the 
old style wooden ones, and are superior in every 
way; a dozen of such pins occupy actually less 
space than half dozen wooden ones, weigh qo 
more at all, and cannot be broken. As to their cost, 
they are less than lo cents each, so you will do 
well to have your tentist supply them and no 
other, for if economy of space is an item, this fact 
together with their durability a»id light weight, 
make them the modern tent pin, that in time will 
displace the old wooden stake entirely. 

As to Tent Poles— Innumerable devices and 
schemes have been tried, but so far without 
any marked degree of success owing to cost. 
Tent manufacturers and the military, which are by 
far the largest users of tents, confine themselves 
closely to poles reinforced by bands of iron at the 
pin point, or if ridge pole, near the socket, which 
answers every demand admirably, the principal 
objection being that the poles are of an unhandy 
length when carried around. The Indian offsets 



(See Indian I^odg^e Poles, etc.) 
79 



this in using his lodge or teepee poles by lashinj^: 
them to a pony's back, leaving the ends trail along 
the ground, behind; on the top of these poles he 
fastens his tent, teepee or other things. Thus does 
Vs poles serve a double purpose, and well. 

Not so, however, with the sportsman, for of all 
inconviences when not using a tent is the poles. For 
the past seven or eight years I have been using a 
jointed pole (see cut) and found it most excellent, 
fully capable of withstanding the severest wind- 
storm and abuse. I invite attention to the cut, 
and supplement it by stating that the ferrule is 
made of heavy brass tubing, so designed as to 
give as long a bearing on the wood as possible, 
then secured bybrass screws thereon, the telescopic 
part being short. These poles are easily made, and 
absolutely provide a perfect jointed pole, that is 
most serviceable. By fitting them with an exten- " 
der, as shown, having the metal cups so as to cap 
the ends, the pole can be lengthened or shortened 
sufficiently by turning the thumb nut. (To do 
away with the necessity of going outside of the 
tent to slack the guy lines in rainy weather,) These 
poles in any size, are now marketed and at a slight 
expense over the old style. One can easily secure 
them. They have been patented by the inventor, 
and those that I have seen in use at various camps, 
have been thoroughly commended as superior to 
the old style by those who were using them. 

Various forms of telescopic poles have been 
devised and used, but generally speaking, are 
costly and unsatisfactory, hence I do not recommend 
any except the plain one piece pole, or the jointed 
pole as described and shown in page 71 illustra- 
tions cf the Protean Tent. 



m 



1 




Various Styles of Tents and Shelten. 




In concluding my remarks on tents, let me 
urge the selection of at least lo ounce duck, 
double filling; do not purchase 8 ounce duck 
tents, and do not buy a cheap tent. If you desire 
to travel extremely light, select either a single 
pole tent, or a tent similar to the A or Wedge Tent 
as shown in illustration, and thus do away with 
the necessity of poles entirely, except such as you 
cut en route. A good plan is to have your tentist 
sew in a long ridge rope, which can be slung 
between two trees, or supported by cut poles. 
Avoid the cheap ordinary store tents, unless you 
want to borrow trouble. In the matter of sizes, for 
a party of four persons, I suggest the qxq size, or 
if possible 10x12, unless you must travel extremely 
light when a smaller size must suffice. If the tent 
is 10 ounce duck and is waterproofed as per receipt 
herein given, which can be, done at the cost of 
about one dollar, it will stand anything in the 
shape of a filood, besides the process will make lO 
ounce duck equal to 12 ounce without the 
weight and bulk to carry. (The United States 
Government tents are 12 ounce duck.) See to it if 
possible that you are provided with a single, or 
better yet, a double fly (see Wall Tents). 

With tents such as we recommend and illustrate 
and the camp furniture as shown "An Outfit" can 
make themselves almost as comfortable in camp 
as at home under their own roof. 



a 




The Extra Tent Fly and Poles. 
82 



i 




Various Styles of Tents and Shelters. 



Tourist Tent, 

Center Opening. 



Pifi^ 



•Yukon Tent," 

©orner Opening 




'The House Tent." 




Camp Site or Location to 
Select in Pitching Tents 

Select your camp site for convenience near 
wood and water. Choose a position for tent on 
ground having a little raise, well drained; avoid- 
ing the hollow spot. If shaded, or partly so, so 
much the better, but near the open preferred. 
Avoid the dense woods or thicket. Don't choose a 
spot near dead timber, for here is the breeding 
place of dampness and its attendant evils — bettei 
keep to the open and clear. 

Stake out the bottom of your tent first evenly; 
insert your pole or poles; raise into position and 
guy out; trim and snug. I advise a smalJ trench 
to be dug so as to drain off the drip water should it 
rain. The site selection should be free from 
bumps or made as level as possible, should this be 
necessary. Have the head of the tent on the raise so 
as the feet will be a trifle lower than the head 
when sleeping. 

If correctly staked down and guyed properly 
a tent will shed water much better than if a bungled 
job be done. Many a good tent is made to leak 
and gets the blame when the true fault lies in in- 
correct pitching The sod cloth should, as its name 
applies, be used to weather tight its base and to con- 
duct rains to the trench, exit of which should be at 
at lowest point, 

Observe rules for a good camp bed and make 
yourself comfortable. (See camp combination.) 

In breaking camp take out poles from under 
tent first, which should not be rolled up until good 
and dry especially if it is to be stored. If how- 
ever it is to be used nejjt day it matters little except 
that a wet tent is heavy and bulky. Don't poun' . 
loose the tent pins. With a looped roDC and a pull 
in the direction from which they are driven they 
can be easily removed. 

(See Chapter on Tents.) 

75 

83 






S'^s^ 





The "Buzzacott" Sanitary House Tents. 

The curative and hy- 
gienic results of tent or 
outdoor Hfe, are too well 
known/ to require men- 
tion here. We all know 
that as , an instance, the 
'successful treatment of 
tuberculosis calls for a 
strictly outdoor open air 
life; the largest medical institutions in the world 
recognize this fact. In New Mexico, Colorado, 
etc., afe great colonies of house tents, in which 
are housed the year around thousands of patients 
suffering from the ravages of consumption and 
kindred other lung diseases. 

It is for the securing' of an ideal abode the 
year round that the author, at the request of 
the largest sanitarium in the world (National 
Fraternal Sanitarium), planned and built the 
Sanitary House Tent, as is shown herewith. As 
can be seen, the principal features are a large 
ventilated double roof and wall, so arranged that 
a continual current of pure air comes in at the 
walls and is condticted through an air chamber 
or screened wall up the sides of the tent, making 
its exit through the roof ventilator without sub- 
jecting the occupants of the tent to any drafts of 
air; the entire sides of the tent proper can be 
opened or closed at will, thus a current of air 
is continually passing between the double roofs 
and its sides at the same time, and yet in no way 
can the wind or draughts touch the occup9.nts, 
even the floors are ventilated thus: y closing 
the sides in winter, using a heating stove in its 
centre and the substitution of glass windows in 
place of the screening a storm and cold proof 
house tent is secured that cannot be equaled by 
anything of a similar portable nature which is 
made of wood and canvas on the plan illustrated 
herewith The standard in size being 12x16 
ft. interior measurements. 

A study of the illustrations of the "Buzzacott 
Sanitary House Tenf can only reveal an idea of 



85 



The "Buzzacott" Sanitary House Tent. 




An Insect. Draft and Storm Proof House Tent. 




its many very excellent qualities. It is par ex- 
cellence for outdoor uses where ladies (who gen- 
erally object to ordinary tent life) are concerned. 
It presents a handsome appearance when erected 
on a lawn, occupies a space of only 12 x 30 ft. 
allowing for even flooring back and front porches 
when opened to its extreme, Absolute privacy 
is assured. Its accommodations are sufficient for 
4 to 6 persons, the beds being arranged similar 
to that in the Pullman sleeper, forming when 
not in use a capital lounge or sanitary couch. 
When glass windows are inserted and the tent 
opened up lace or shade curtains can be em- 
ployed presenting an excellent interior effect, 
while the wooden sides permit of library cases, 
shelves, folding or drop tables, seats, etc., being 
utilized which, when not in use, take up little or 
no -floor space. Opened up the occupant has a 
clear view of scenery or surroundings from every 
side or end that is elegant for observation effect. 
For the summer house it is superior in both ap- 
pearance, design and comfort to any portable 
house or cottage made. Privacy in its interior 
is secured by the employment of sm Adjustable 
Screen which can be shifted to secure privacy 
to any part or portion of its interior. 

It is brilHantly lighted by a hanging cluster 
of lights ''Acetylene gas jets" of the Colt pattern, 
and for cooking purposes the ''Colt gas stove" is 
employed when needed, which derives its gas 
from the same source as its lighting apparatus, or 
if needs be electricity can be employed. A front 
and back door screened and curtained (or glass 
front) presents elegant convenience and artistic 
effect. As a summer cottage it is unequaled by 
anything pf its kind ever made, even the floor 
betng ventilated and the entire ventilation under 
instant control of the occupant. There are no 
tent guys or ropes to manipulate, the windows 
or screens (side or ends) being hinged and oper- 
ated from the interior. Its furnishings can be 
plain or artistic, presenting a really magnificent 
effect, while the standard size is equivalent to 
the largest of room, viz: 14 x 20 ft. clear, no 
amount of description, however, can convey an 



87 




^^^ ^i^^^^^^r ■ 



accurate idea of its manifold ^.dvantages and 
hygienic value from a sanitary or comfort giving 
standpoint. 

As stated it is absolutely fly, mosquito and 
draught proof, cooler (by actual test) in its in- 
terior than in the shade of dense foliage in the 
open air, a feature secured by its admirable ven- 
tilation and double canvas roof. It has been per- 
sonally inspected by the most eminent medical 
and sanitary experts of hospital and fresh air 
sanitariums, and is the type adopted after ex- 
haustive observation and test by the largest san- 
itarium in the world, where it is proposed to use 
several thousand of t em in its treatment of 
tubdreulosis, or such ills as require, practically 
speaking, a constant life outdoors. They are nOw 
made in any size almost, the smallest being as 
stated, 14 x 20 ft., the largest so far constructed 
being a Complete Summer Tent Cottage of 4 rooms 
as is shown and illustrated elsewhere herein. 

In conclusion we illustrate herewith tw^o other 
special tents designed by the author which speak 
for themselves. 




The Portable House Tent, or Canvas Cottage, 




Sitting Room of House Tent. Dining Room of House Tent 




Bed Room of House Tent. 






The House Tent Complete. 
CThese are made in any size: special as required.) 



___=-__— ^.^1^ 

^7^^?!^::^'^:^^'^'°^ 



Improvised Camp Shelter 

BrtxsHt BarK and I^o^ Htits» Ktc. 

(See also camp cooking without utensils) . 



These remarks 
would not be com- 
plete without a few 
practical sugges- 
tions as to making 
temporary camp 
shelter, be it for the 




^ii- 




Blanket Tent 

night or season. It might perchance happen that 
you desire to stay over night, away from the 
camp proper, as an instance, 
ready to pick up a fresh trail 
of large game, etc., on the 
early morn, then these sug- 
gestions might not prove 
amiss. 

But little instruction is 
necessary; patience, com- 
mon sense and a willing hand 
can accomplish much, and 
about all the tools needed is 
a good sharp axe and knife, 
good article — well v/orth its price, the pocket axe— 
a thing of joy for such work.) 

The supporting frames 
can be improvised from a 
tree trunk or forked branch, 
from which a long ridge is 
trailed to the ground, the 
larger branches serve as 
side walls, and the smaller 
ones in turn as the 
Che BrusU Tent s h 5 n g 1 i n g . The only 



91 



The Indian 
Quick-up 

(Here surely is a 





important point to 
observed in their uses is 
that the smaller clippings 
of the branches be used 
leaves down, lapping 
each other, so as to turn 
and shed the rains or 
dew; always work from 
the bottom up, as in 
shingling. 




The Bark Shanty 
sapplings of any 
ordinary kind or 
length, inserted in 
the ground, bent 
over a tree or log 
and the ends tied 
with a vine, over 
which a blanket is 
thrown, or 
branches laid in- 




The Brush I,eau-to 
The variety shown 
is for the selection of 
the woodsman. All are 
simple and effective. 
Probably the Indian 
Quick-up is the simp- 
lest. It consists of light 




The hog Cabin 



stead. Here can one with a cheerful fire, rest dry 
and warm. True you may have a tent somewhere, 
but with the information 
this Manual imparts, you 
kEc\ are independent of 
these things. 





Portable Hunterr,' Cabin. 



Hunters' Cabin Packed, 



r 



RemarKs on 
Camp Clotl^ing 

In the list of clothing I could not for many 
reasons dwell on the quality essential to general 
camp wear and comfort, so in order to impress 
such requirements upon you I give here the follow- 
ing facts and suggestions. 

Clothing for camp uses need not be new if in 
good wearing, even patched, order; in short, clean, 
serviceable, old clothing is best. 

Unless your trip be in chilly latitudes, heavy 
woolens should not be used. Light weight, 
medium colored, durable flannels are the best. 

Two complete changes are ample and if you 
note our list carefully you will find for example, 
that the overalls and sweater form a complete 
change of over garments serviceable in the 
extreme. 

As to the sweater of all things and placfes, it is 
a boon in camp; light, warm, yet cool and well- 
fitting, it affords absolute freedom and comfort. 
Select a color, deep gray, tan, dead grass or Khaki, 
in fact, any inconspicuous color, that will not soil 
easy or be easily observed by game. Avoid white, 
red or striped colors. Take no cotton goods at all 
except towels, handkerchiefs and hose, even the 
handkerchief should be preferably bandanna, and 
blue, not red color and of extra large size. Your 
underwear need not be white, better deep gray or 
tan color, and canton flannel drawers are soft and 
prevent chafing and galls; in fact, the U. S. gov- 
ernment issues flannel shirts, gray woolen under- 
shirts, medium weight, and canton flannel drawers^ 
The shirt should be tan or dark blue, single or 
double breasted with pockets. With such clothes 



r 



as these you can render yourself most comfortable 
under all circumstances. They are cool in the 
heat, absorbent, soft and warm jn the cool, night 
air, in fact generally excellent all around, .\:\e 
a featherweight, c-tra long rain cape (pocket size 
when packed) will cover you from head to foot 
and when the rain itomes down in floods keeps you 
dry. (Sec rain capes.) 

Ad to boots and shoes, follow list, especially a 
good moosehide mocassin is comfortable and 
warm, restful and most excellent. Keep shoes 
soft and waterproof by using receipt herein for 
the purpose. 

Don't pass over even toilet soap. Select either 
a good tar, cuticura or arnica soap. Their cleans- 
ing, and healing properties make them most desira- 
ble tar soap especially. Mosquitoes are less apt to 
annoy or bother you. (See Mosquitoes, Ointments, 
Etc.) 

The hat should be medium weight, broad rim, 
so as to shed sun and water. Drab or khaki color; 
the U. S. campaign Hat is excellent (see hats) ; 
while a soft cap with soft pliable peak is a wel- 
come change, most comfortable about the tent or 
camp. 

When a change of clothing is desired the 
soiled clothes should be immediately washed and 
dried. If camp washing is dreaded, simply rinse 
out three or four times in clean water, dried and 
aired well will suffice, spread not on the ground 
but on the bushes or a stick, and if the pillow case 
mentioned in outfit is used as a receptacle for 
clean, dry, neatly folded clothes (all not in actual 
use) it provides an excellent, soft pillow that is 
comfort giving, but don't jam in the clot'"ies any 
way, but keep thcr.i as above clean and dry- 



95 




Su^estiena in Camp Accessories 




Mosqaito Hat and The Puttee Campers 

Neuing. ' Leggings. hcagiaga. 

Folding Pocket size. Tan. 



Foldln? Toilet 
Case. 




Camper's pitty Bag. 



The Canras Beddinir Rol^apii 



96 



If you take (which you should) a Camp Com- 
bination along you are excellently provided with 
both bed, mattress and blanket (hammock-cot, all 
in one) and sufficient for summer or winter use, 
besides it forms a most complete receptacle for 
your entire outfit when through with it, and is with- 
out exception the most important item in your 
outfit. (See Camp Combination.) 

As for mosquito net— it assures against night 
attacks, should they come; if not, it weighs but 
a few ounces and the cost and space it occupies is 
practically nothing. 

A note book and pencil is handy for observa- 
tions and receipts, while a package of postal cards 
sends your orders and wishes to your friends or 
family. Don't carry stamps, envelopes, ink or pens 
along— heat and moisture gum them together, ruins 
them, or the ink spills, and generally these are the 
first things thrown out in camp. Fountain pens 
and pocket ink stand are O. K. if preferred. 

A good stiff military clothes brush; a pocket 
comb and case, tooth brush, folding mirror are 
conveniences productive of cleanliness, while a 
pack of cards is a pleasant diversion; pipe, 
tobacco and water proof match safe, scissors, 
needles, thread and bachelors' buttons all packed 
in the camp ditty bag— see it— while the pair of 
tan army leggings keep the legs well protected, 
warm and dry. 

As for the whiskey flask for medical pur- 
poses (snake bites, etc., this old excuse) cut it out. 
More camps are spoilt over it than snake bites 
cured with it. Very few snakes ever infest any 
camp. Seldom do they bite anyone unless cornered, 
besides the snake bite, receipts in this Manual are 
twice as effective as whiskey which takes quarts 




L^ 



97 



r 



to cure such things and it is often the case 
that if the snake don't kill the whiskey will. The 
writer has had experience in this even too. In 
India, Africa and Texas; has personally seen men 
bitten and by the prompt and simple methods 
quoted in this manual has never yet known a 
single failure except when whiskey alone was used. 
(See Camp Doctor.) 

If you object to sleeping in camp in your 
underclothes, I suggest an outing flannel suit of 
pajamas, medium color, (tan color is excellent) 
which are are now made expressly for that 
purpose, "military style.'" 

Have your guns or rifles treated by the Gun 
Bore Process, and thus prevent rusting, pitting, 
etc., entirely and do away with the necessity of 
cleaning and cleaning rods. 

Do not go to the dense woods unless you 
have a waterproof match box and a safety compass. 




The Military Camp. 
Do not forget it took time, experience and 
money to complete this book. If you do not value 
it make a present of it to those who do— in other 
words pass a good thing along. 



RemarKs on Camp 
Utensils for CooRing 

In the selection of camp utensils one must 
consider many things, i. e., portability, bulk and 
weight, general adaptability to many and varied 
requirements and emergencies. Coffee potSj fry 




Entire Outfit Unpacked . Packed . 

pans, stew kettles, etc., that give splendid results 
at home will not do for the camp and many an 
appetizing dish has been spoiled because of poor 
camp utensils; they tip over, the lids, spouts, 
handles, etc., melt off or are too short and the un- 
lucky camp cook thinks of Shadrach, Meschach 

and Abed-nego as he rubs his hands and 

as he tries to rescue his victuals from the fire and 
dirt. 

All this is obviated when using proper camp 
utensils. Handles, lids, spouts, everthing, is doubly 
riveted; lifters are provided for handling and re- 
moving every utensil or oven from the fire. Such 
things as these keep your disposition Gweet and 
greatly contribute to success in camp cooking gen- 
erally. 

More than this, these utensils serve a variety 
of purposes. The kettles can be used as water 
pails, fry pans, oven or pots, and if you note care- 
fully the rules laid down in this Manual you will cee 
how they can be utilized for your camp bake or, 



% 




roast oven and even as a tent heater. All these 
things are essential to smoothing it. Note weight, 
size, cost; etc., and do not omit the fact that they 
are generally excellent and to be found with the 
Arctic Expedition which lasts for years or the 
summer camp of a few days only, and last but not 
least, can be used in the home kitchen as well. 

Ordinarily, good heavy block tin is most 
desirable for camp purposes, but care should be 
taken to avoid the lighter and cheaper grades, 
whenever possible stamped or one piece utensils 
only, should be selected; those with 
handles and bail-clips, etc., securely 
riveted thereto. A camp fire plays 
havoc with soldered parts, which drop 
off, from the intense and exposed 
heat of the camp fire, almost the very 
first time they are used. The very best coffee pot 
is known as the Miner Solid Lip Coffee Pot, 
which we illustrate herewith, it being made 
expressly for camping out. This coffee pot, as its 
name implies, has the body and iip all in one 
piece; the bottom is rimmed on; the lid, bail and 
handle are all double riveted. The material is 
serviceable and yet light, and its .shape peculiarly 
right for camp fire uses. 

In the matter of 
camp stew kettles, 
care should be taken 
that they are not top 
heavy, as these tip 
over very easily; in 
their make the same 
rule applies, as above 
stated. By far the 
best is of heavy steel, with straight, not flaring 

100 




The "Buzzacott" Complete Camp Cooking 
Outfit. 

The Most Practical. Portable and Complete Camp Cooking 
Outfit Made. 




Outfit Unpacked. Part in Use. 35 Utensils and Dishe*. 




The Oven in Use. 
Roasting. 



The Entire Out- 
fit Packed. 

Size packed, 12x15, 8 inches, 
weight 25 lbs. 



A Simple, yet Complete Outfit, which contains all the kit 
complete for the cooking for a party of Sportsmen or 
Campers. Outfit even including Dishes, Knives and 
Forks, Spoons and Cups. It is made in any size. 



hi/ 




sides, so constructed, that two or three of them 
will nest together into the largest one, the smallest 
should be at least, three quart size, into which the 
Miner Solid Lid Coffee Pot should nest, as shown 
in engraving. If this is done you have in the 
utensil, four good ones, sufficient 



space 



of 



'V 



even for the require- 
ments of a good sized 
party. It is to be 
noted that the covers 
for these kettles are 
flat, with a ringhandle, 
that occupies no room and cannot drop off (riveted 
to the lid). These utensils in turn, will nest in 
the bottom of a fair-sized skillet or frying pan, and 
the lids of the kettles will serve as lids for the 
skillet as well. The important uses to which this 
skillet can be put (if the right one be secured) can- 
not be over-estimated, hence, we suggest that you 
select one, not with flaring sides, but a straight pit 
bottom, or as near straight as possible, thus per- 
mitting its being used as a capital bake oven for 
biscuits, cakes, etc., as shown in our illustration 
and spoken of in camp cooking elsewhere. 





Such utensils as these, cost no more than 
other good articles, and are equally suited for 
home uses, in fact, a set of these kettles have been 
used by my own 
family, for several 
years, and show but 
little sign of the 
wear and tear they 
have been subject- 
ed to; such utensils 
however must be 
obtained from the The Rover Camp Stove 

better class of dealers who make a specialty of 
procuring only the correct grade of goods 

In this connection I must say, that most stores 

that handle ordinary 

goods, positively refuse 

to handle the durable 

and expensive kind, they 

cost too much and last too 

long. Such utensils as 

we speak of, are to be 

found at any first class 

A Camp Oil Stove dealers in hotel and 

restaurant supplies, being used by the class, who 

demand the very best, and most lasting grade 

made, not found in the ordinary stores. 

I am reminded by this to caution the inex- 
perienced, against the cheaper grade of camp 
cooking contrivances, for sale by some sporting 
goods dealers. Their only claim to recognition, 
lies in their cheapness. 

I was once present at a large gathering of 
military officers, at an encampment of the Illinois 
National Guard, and one of those muc\ Catalogued 




The Sibley 
Tent Heater 

the "Sibley 



Stoves" was inspected and as quickly condemned, 
—sent back to the maker in disgust. There are 
meritorious outfits, that truly deserve recognition, 
and are recognized, but if those imposed upon 
sent back to dealers these frauds, it will soon 
have most telling effect, and be productive of the 
better kind. I wish also to speak 
of a so called "Tent Heater," 
which is nothing more than a thin 
sheet iron box, no thicker than 
the square oil can, and which 
serve the purpose about as well. 
For the purpose of tent heat- 
ing, there is no better tent heater 
made than what is known as 
Tent Heater," adopted and used 
exclusively by the military forces of the United 
States Government for thirty years past, (Tens of 
thousands of them,) under every condition of field 
and camp service; and for the benefit of my 
readers, I illustrate 
herewith, the same. 
It can be easily made 
and positively has no 
equa I as a tent 
furnace, or it would 
not have been used a Folding Camp stove 

so long by our government. 

As to camp stoves, there are many good ones, 
that combine both cooking and heating qualitieF, 
and can be either, used, in or out of tent, the 
objection, however, being that they are bulky, and 
they require stove pipe, and the man who adjusts 
the two or three lengths of pipe in camp, is apt to 



•104 





f 



I 




remember the experience long after he has gotten 
rid of the soot and dirt. In an experience of some 
fifteen years, I have used and seen used about all 
the schemes for camp cooking and stoves, and for 
the benefit of my readers, I illustrate the most 
satisfactory grades. They really merit attention, 
and in order to cover the field properly, are illus- 
trated herewith, quoted in various grades and styles. 
As to the mess or dining outfit, I suggest as 
in utensils, heavy stamped and 
retinned ware, not pieced. About a 
nine inch dinner plate, deep, and 
commend to our readers the coffee cups and 
plates shown herewith. Both are 
stamped tin, the cup having a spring 
clip handle, which permits its being 
nested so as to pack closely. Six of 
these cups can be placed inside the 
three quart coffee pot, with the cutlery, and if 
right selection of plates is made, these 
in turn, will nest inside frying pan. 
The whole outfit can be placed and 
carried in a bag, as is illustrated 
elsewhere, forming a package less 
than a foot square, weight in all, 
twenty pounds, and sufificiently complete to answer 
admirably every possible requirement of any 
party for "Camp Cooking" in all the name im- 
plies; besides this, they are equally serviceable at 
home also. 

If objection be made to tinware,! recommend 
pure white enameled ware, yet this is expensive 
and heavy besides. The best of enameled ware, 
however, is subject to chipping off. Aluminum 
is an ideal ware, but is very expensive, It is 




remarkably light and durable, in fact, excellent 
all around, yet its cost is too much by far. If 
however you must travel extremely light and to 
such places where your outfit must be packed by 
yourself or guides, then is aluminum well worth 
its price. 




The United States Army Malleable Field and 
Camp Range, 100 Men Size. 



The 100 Men Army Range and 
Outfit Packed for Transportation 
In concluding my remarks I deem it fitting to 
illustrate the "Camp or Field" Range, as is used 
by U. S. troops for campaign service, nearly ten 
thousand of them being purchased by our own and 
other governments. They are made in various sizes 
and forms, and can be readily purchased from the 
manufacturers or dealers, as are the various other 
kinds shown elsewhere herein. 

106 



^'^ISJ^ 



( \ 



RemarKs on 
Camp 
Ration 
Otitfits 




I 




The ration list is ample (without any other 
foods such as game, fish, etc.) for the entire wants 
of four persons for five days — three full meals per 
day. Allowance is even made for waste and the 
scale given in table can be absolutely relied upon, 
being prepared from the United States Army 
Standard field and camp ration list now recognized 
by the leading governments of the world as the 
highest and best, as U. S. Standard means 
Highest Quality. 

I have even elaborated on this as regards 
variety and quantity and in a few, very few, cases 
in quality. 

The amount given you is ample for the given 
number of persons and time and should you fre- 
quent a location where your larder can be repleu- 
ished at times, there is no need of even this amount 
(yet we advise taking no chances) . 

If, however, you can obtain other supplies, as 
game, fish, etc., it is obvious that this list will be 
ample for a larger party or a greater length of 
time. It is plain to be seen also that the very 
quantity we list will form a correct basis for com- 
puting the necessary amounts for any party large 
or small, for any length of time, hence is invalu* 
able. 




^^^^ 



ev- 



Absolutely nothing perishable is quoted, ex- 
cept by fire and water, and is withal composed of 
the very choicest of foods, put up in Waterproof 
ration bags, tagged and tied, secured with double 
draw strings and tags. The variety is such as to 
satisfy the most exacting taste and with such items 
as is usually to be found within the vicinity of most 
settlements or camps (fish, game, etc.), your party 
can fare sumptuously even. 

As to preserved food, desiccated, evaporated 
vegetables, etc., leave them out, if possible, unless 
your trip takes you away from civilization for 
months at a time. Confine yourself to fresh, solid 
foods that will last for any ordinary trip, even of a 
month's duration. Steer clear of coffee tablets and 
such "what-nots," and in the purchase of canned 
foods; let your selection be confined to the very 
best grade of goods, which contain the most solid 
and nutritious of foods and the least dead weight 
of liquids and water. 

if you can purchase these goods en route do so; 
don't stint or overload, but be sure you can. obtain 
these things and not trust to luck. (See list of 
Scale of Camp Rations, etc.) 




U. S. Army Barrack Double Range for 2oo Men 
108 



1 



s 



r 



Don'ts and Ifs 

Don't forget that "we smooth things" for you; 
point out the way — designate the tools — show you 
how to use them — where and how to obtain them. 

Don't hesitate to go camping because your not 
experienced. Every man has his first trip and the 
immense army of them that follow it year after 
year is evidence that they enjoy and benefit by it. 

Don't think it expensive— no trip can be made 
more economical than a camping trip. Nature 
supplies most things free— wood — water — food — 
privacy is there for you — no rent to pay. 

Don't hesitate because of poor health — that's 
the very time to go— that run down, worn out sys- 
tem craves fresh air, change and healthful rest. 
Follow the simple rules of this Manual. Throw 
away drugs— try it—you'll thank me for this advice 
later and the doctor will lose a customer. 

Don't think it necessary to go and travel far 
to find an ideal spot, most like ten miles away 
from your side now is an ideal spot if you think it 
over. 

Don't think it necessary to be a hunter or fish- 
erman to camp out. Thousands go every year for 
the pure air, change and rest. It works wonders 
to that tired spirit, mind and body. 

Don't overlook the fact that by our system a 
camping outfit complete costs pro rata of only one 
to two dollars per day, entire outfit; tents, clothes, 
rations, everything for a person. Thus is a camping 
trip, the most economical vacation that can be made. 

Don't hesitate to take the wife and children 
along; they enjoy it as well as you. 

Don't omit to read every line this book con- 
tains, there is something to learn on every page. 



109 



Don't forget two good flannel shirts are better 
than two coats. 

Don't take new clothes to camp. Good clothes 
patched, if strong, are O. K. Have them clean, of ^ 
wool or flannel and of medium weight. 

Don't take bright or white colors. Use dead 
grass, tan or gray shades. Avoid conspicuous 
garments always. 

Don't take slippers along — invest in a pair of 
camp moccassins or else take light shoes along. 

Don't bother with heavy boots unless its in 
the winter time or you fish. 

Don't forget to take along a sketch or map of 
the vicinity of your camp showing nearest railroad, 
settlement, postoffice, etc. 

Don't forget to have your name and address 
in pocket book. Carry change in bills (small) 
with you as well as large. 

If you take a package of postal cards along 
you can write a line anywhere. Postage stamps, 
etc., don't keep in camp. 

If you rush off camping — you'll regret it — be 
careful in selecting outfit, time and place. 

If you want to do a friend a favor send him a 
copy of this book. 

If you expect success from first effort in 
everything you will fail. 

If you try hard and be careful you will win 
nine Limes out of ten. 

If you should get soaking wet away from camp 
wring out your clothes (take them off and do it) 
put them on again and you won't catch cold and 
be warmer besides. 

If your canteen is dry and your throat parched 
and no water iu sight, keep a pebble or button in 
your mouth — it will do wonders. 



110 









Tlie Camp Doctor 

(See Camp Medicine Case and Medicine Therein.) 
Keep the bowels ope*^ 
head cool, feet dry and 
there will be little, if aiiy, 
sickness in camp. 

As a rule there is very 
little need for the use 
of drugs but as it is well 
to be prepared for any 
emergency the few simple 
rules herein will not prove amiss, (renerally 
speaking we can cure here almost anything in a 
most unique way. 

Should, however, any very serious accidents 
happen we advise the preliminary precautions and 
rules of the manual and in^the Meantime send one of 
the party to the nearest settlement for a physician 
or transport the patient there at once. 

How a capital stretcher can be improvised: 
"See camp-bed." 

Constipation.— Give doses compound cathartic 
pills, eat freely of preserves; drink often. 

Diarrhoea.— Apply warm bandages to stomach; 
fire brown a little flour to which two teaspoonfuls 
of vinegar and one teaspoonful of salt is added; 
mix and drink. This is a cure, nine cases out of 
ten. A tablespoonful of warm vinegar and tea- 
spoonful of salt will cure most severe cases. Don't 
eat fruit. A hot drink of ginger tea is good. 
Repeat every few hours the above. 

Cuts and Wounds.— In bleeding 
from wounds or recent amputations 
press the finger or hand over the 
bleeding point, pressing on tbt main 




artery supplying blood to the wound. If this is 
not possible, apply a bandage as tightly as possible 
above the wound. By tying a handkerchief loosely 
around the limb, thrusting a short stick through it 
and twisting it tightly an excellent tourniquet may 
be improvised, 

The blood from an artery which has been 
severed is a bright red, and comes in spurts with 
each beat of the heart. The color of the blood 
from an ordinary cut is of a dark purplish shade, 
and flows in a steady stream. All cuts should be 
washed out with warm water, to which one or two 
drops of carbolic acid has been added. The edges 
of the wound should then be brought together and 
held in position by strips of piaster, then bound 
up tightly with clean bandages. 

Cramps and Chills. — Mix pepper and ginger in 
very hot water and drink. Give dose of cramp 
tablets. 

A hot stone makes a good foot warmer. 

Fevers, — Give doses of quinine tablets; loosen 
bowels if necessary; keep dry and warm. 

Sore Throat* — Fat bacon or pork 
tied on with a dry stocking; keep 
on until soreness is gone then 
remove fat and keep covering on 
a day longer. Tincture of Iron 
diluted; swab the throat. 

Batais.— Use common baking 
soda, dry flour, camp fat or oil, 
or mix as a paste. 
These Simple Receipts are prepared from arti- 
cles in your camp outfit. The others with pocket 
medicine case and contents we quote in this 
Manual; note the fact. 




Pocket Medicine 
Case and Medi- 
cines. 



112 



^^.-^ 



s 



^sn^^ 




Scalds. — Relieve instantly with common baking 
soda and soaking wet rags — dredge the soda on 
thick and wrap wet clothes thereon. To dredge 
with flour is good also. 

Colds.- -Put on warm, dry clothing. Drink 
freely of hot gmger tea; cover well at night; give 
dose of quinine every six hours. 

Toothache. — Warm vinegar and salt. Hold in 
mouth around tooth until pain ceases, or plug 
cavity with cotton mixed with pepper and ginger. 
Poultices. — Common soap and sugar, mixed; 
stale or fresh bread, mustard and flour, equal parts 
mixed with vinegar or water. 

Ivy Poison. — Relieved with solution of baking 
soda and water ; use freely as a cooling wash. Keep 
the bowels open. 

Poisoning. — Give strong emetic of warm water, 
mustard and salt. Cause vomiting by swallowing 
small piece of soap, tobacco, etc., if by no other 
means. 

Poisons. — In all cases of poisoning there 
should be no avoidable delay in summoning a 
physician. The most important thing is that the 
stomach should be emptied at once. If the 
patient is able to swallow 
this may be accomplished 
by emetics, such as mustard 
and water, a teaspoonful of 
mustard to a glass of water, 
salt and water, powdered 
ipecac and copious draughts 
of luke warm water. Vomit- 
ing may also be induced by tickling the back of 
the throat with a feather. When the patient 
begins to vomit, care should be taken to support 




Twentv-Four Bottle 
Medicine Case 
and Medicines. 



113 



the head in order that the vomited matter may 
be ejected at once, and not swallowed again or 
drawn into the wind pipe. 

Poisonous Snake Bites. — Suck the wound instant- 
ly and thoroughly (it is perfectly safe if no sores are 
in the mouth) ; sear with red hot iron ; cut out wound 
if necessary and with red hot iron burn it out so as 
to destroy entire surface. It requires nerve but a 
life depends on it. Act at once. Keep cool. Am- 
monia is one of the best antidotes for snake bites 
known. Apply externally. 

Insect Bites, "Wasps, Etc.— Common mud is ex- 
cellent; use plenty of it. Crushed penny royal 
weed keeps mosquitoes away. 

Earache. — A piece of cotton sprinkled with 
pepper and moistened with oil or fat will give 
almost instant relief. Wash with hot water. 

Insects in Ear. — Use warm oil or fat. Wash 
well in hot water. 

Mosquito Ointment. — Solution ammonia or cam- 
phor or tar soap. Apply bruised penny royal. 

Another One. — 3 oz. tallow, i oz. camphor, 
I oz. penny royal, i oz. creosote or carbolic acid 
solution; mix. Cork tightly in bottle and anoint 
face, hands, etc., when needed. 

Another One.— 2 oz. pine tar, 2 oz. castor oil, 
(olive, sweet oil or melted tallow will do as well) 
I oz. of penny royal; simmer slowly over slow fire 
and cover tightly in six ounce bottle. 

Cuts, Bleeding, Etc. — Wrap with common paper 
use mixture of flour and salt. Bind on until it 
stops bleeding. In extreme cases tie a handker- 
chief over part nearest the body and with a stick 
twist up good and tight, then dress the wound and 
gently remove. 




"T'^^^^'^S^^^^r 




Ointment for Bruises, Etc. — Wash with hot water 
then anoint with tallow or candle grease. 

Sprains. — Applj cold water application and 
cloths. 

Sore and Blistered Feet. — Wash in warm water 
then bathe well in cold water to which a little bak- 
ing soda has been added — wipe dry and anoint 
with tallow from candle or fat. Keep the feet 
clean. Dirty feet and socks make sore ones. Soap 
well the stockings (using common soap) until the 
feet harden— this is an excellent method. 

To Quench Thirst. — Don't drink too often, 
better rinse out the mouth often, taking a 
swallow or two only. A pebble or button kept in 
the mouth will help quench that dry and parched 
tongue. 

Inflamed Eyes.— Bind on hot tea leaves or raw 
fresh meat. Leave on over night. Wash well in 
morning with warm water. 

Keep Head Cool. — By placing wet green leaves 
inside of hat. 

Convulsions. — Give hot baths at once; rub well 
the lower parts of the body to stimulate; keep 
water as hot as possible without scalding, then dry 
and wrap up very warm. 

Struck by Lightning.— Dash cold water on body 
continually; if severe case, add salt to water; 
continue for hours if necessary. If possible sub- 
merge body in running water up to neck. 

Drowning. — Handle the body gently. Loosen 
any clothing. Carry the body face downward, 
with the head slightly raised. No time should be 
lost in following out the instruction given below, 
which should be continued for houis without ceas- 
ing, or until a physician, who should be summoned 
immediately, shall arrive. The body should be 



^^^. 



ns 



stripped of all clothing rubbed dry and placed in 
bed in a warm place. Warmth should be supplied 
to the body by hot water bottles or some other 
applianceo Cleanse the mouth of any dirt or mucous 
that may be in it, and draw the tongue forward 
with a handkerchief, holding it with the finger and 
thumbo This is most important, as it opens the 
windpipe^ and should not be neglected. The 
patient should be pla'^ed upon his back, with 
head and shoulders slightly elevated. The 
operator standing behind his head^ should grasp 
the arms just above the elbow and draw them 
steadily and gently upward until they meet above 
the head, then bring them down to the side of the 
chest slowly and persistently at the rate of twenty 
times to the minute. These movements imitate 
expiration and respiration. The trunk and limbs 
should be rubbed when breathing commences, 
and a stimulant or warm drink given. 

Bathings — Be careful bathing in strange places, 
Don't dive; weeds may be at bottom or sharp rocks. 
Water that looks inviting often is full of treacher- 
ous, slimy weeds in which onco caught it is almost 
impossible to get free. Look out for deep un- 
seen mud holes. Better splash water over body 
than to take big risks. 

Choking. — If possible force water down the 
throat or push down substance with spoon handle. 
Hearty slapping on the back is also effective. 
Getting on all-fours will help matters. 

Freezing. — At all hazards keep awake. Take 
a stick and beat each other unmercifully; to restore 
circulation to frozen limbs rub with snow; when 
roused again don't stop or fall asleep — it is certain 
death. Remember this and rouse yourself. 

Snow or Stic Blindness.— Smear the nose and 
face about the eyes with charcoaL 

Use raw onions for insect bites and stings. 
116 



About Canned Goods— These are O. K. for 
any permanent camp, but if you pack your out- 
fits and transportation is limited don't carry 
too much canned stuff, especially those of the 
delusive kind, that are two- thirds water The 
chances are you'll find better water where you 
are going to camp, and save the freight. 

Fruits, etc., are dried or evaporated in such 
excellent style nowadays that there is little need 
of carrying them about, put up in or with two- 
thirds tin and water. 

Have your provisions put up in canvas bags 
with strings to secure them (ration bags) don't 
risk paper ones. If you do you are apt to find 
things sadly mixed at some stage of the trip. 

In Winter Time — If freezing cold — Campers, 
Hunters, etc., should never remove snow from 
ground on which they pitch Camp, better heap 
up more snow — (inside and outside) to dig down 
to the ground would be to dig up cold and dis- 
comfort — snow is a warm and soft bed — com- 
pared to hard frozen ground. Artie Explorers 
always choose the protection of the biggest snow 
banks they can find, even animals, birds, etc., 
burrow holes into them to secure warmth. 

For Frozen Fingers, Nose, Ears, etc. — Never 
rub with snow, the one who recommends rub- 
bing such tender members with snow is a fool. 
Instead clasp the frozen member with the warm 
hand firmly so as the warmth of the hand will 
thaw it out, to rub such a member already 
frozen with snow is to break the skin and do 
much harm — suffer much pain, common sense 
tells a man you can't thaw ice by making it 
colder. A good way (if it can be done) is to dip 
the member into cold water, then pour in warm 
water gradually until of a good blood heat. 





The Modern Complete 

Camp Outfit and 

Chest Packed 



PacRing' and Transporting 
the Camp Outfit 

In these days rail- 
road transportation 
enabl es a paity to ship 
and check »s baggage 
a complete camp outfit, 
to any part of the world, 
the only requirement 
being that it is boxed and 
the box or chest be pro- 
vided with handles or 
roped well; such can be easily made or purchased, 
and as railroads now carry one almost any where, 
the question of transportmg the complete camping 
outfit thus is a simple one. 

Should, however a trip 

be unusually or necessarilly 

migratory and where no such 

transportation exists, in the 

very heart of the woods so to 

speak, it will have to be 

carried on the backs of the 

party as a pack, each mem- 
ber having an equal share of 

the bulk and weight which 

can be proportioned off be- ^^^^^ Harness. 

fore starting; for this purpose pack or breast and 

shoulder straps are employed, which are adjustable 
to any size or bulk (the Alaska 
Pack Straps made for the purpose, 
being all desired). If the outfit ex- 
ceeds forty pounds per man (which 
is the limit a man should burden 
himself with) either packers should 





<u«ur^«aU Bag 



118 



Rubber Specialties for 
Camp Uses 




Foldlii? Rubbtr 
^1 Toilet Case. 






Rubber Poflcho 
Blanket Cape. 



Folding Robber 
Wash Basin. 




Folding Rubber Bath Of 

Wasli Tub and Pack* 

Ing Case. 



Feather-weight 
Rubber Raia Cape. 



Rubber Bag. Canoe FoUIng ^"^5?' 
Used In Packing. Drinking Cup. Tambler. 





be employed or a pack muL' and saddle used, same 
as adopted by the United States Government; 
the load of a pack mule is from two to three 
hundred pounds, and a good p:ick mule can be 
easily lead or driven wherever it is possible for 
man to travel afoot; on this, however, we shall 
dwell but little, as such service necessitates both 
an expf rienced mule and packer and to state our 
experience or to take up the subject properly, 
would require a small volume in itself. 

A plan very much followed at the present 
time is to hire a light servicable buckboard wagon 
and with a team of country broke horses, transport 
the entire outfit to the limits, where the main or 
headquarter camp is established and maintained; 
from here the party starts out, equipped light, for 
several days or more (especially in big game 
hunting) returning periodically to the main camp 
or rendezvous proper, to replenish or disgorge, as 
the case may be. Some people who indulge 
yearly in hunting trips, travel with a wagon fitted 
out for the purpose, while others hire them for a 
suitable period of service. 

As to the rations they can be packed and 
carried in waterproof heavy canvas bag, made 
now for the purpose, or carried in a special Ration 
Chest as illustrated on this page, either of which 
are Dut up by Specialists in camping outfits. 

In the matter of packing 
up, it is a good plan to roll 
blankets, bedding, clothing 
and all such articles in a 
roll of canvas, the ends and 
sides of which are doubled 
inward, so as to prevent 
articles from dropping out 



119 





The Canvas Bedding Roll-up. 
of roll or getting wet; for this especially the 
"Camp Combination" with its other good points, 
is the best thing ever devised. This permits 
you of forming the whole, into a roll about 
twenty-four inches wide, the proportion of height 
or bulk being according to the amount of clothing 
or articles therein, it is then strapped with adjust- 
able straps provided for the purpose, and can thus 
be thrown about with other supplies, packed or 
carried easily. 

The tent should 
be packed in a can- 
vass bag which is 
made for the purpose 
(see article on tents) , 
pin-stakes rolled in- 
side in a small bag, so 
as not to soil or mar 
the tent. The poles, (if jointed poles are used) ' 
can be carried likewise, in the tent pack, thus 
making a package of tent, fly, poles, guys, and 
stakes (everything), say a 9x9 tent, 36x21 inches. 
The cooking and messing outfit combined and 
complete, can be nested together as described 
elsewhere (see article on camp untensil, etc.) in a 
stout canvass bag, or if the Buzzacott Camp Cook- 
ing Outfit be used, the utensils all of them, plates, 
cups, etc., etc., . nes^ easily into the very 
complete Practical Bake or Roast Oven furnished 




Bedding' and Clothing 
as Packed 



I 
I 



I 




Poles (Jointed) 

Stakes, etc.. 
All Inside 



with it; thus we have the complete 
camp cooking outfit for four to six 
persons reduced to convenient size 
and shape to pack or carry easily, 
entire weight being only twenty 
pounds, and space occupied, one 
foot quare. 

These parts can in turn be 
placed in the box herein described, 
and shipped to nearest railroad, 
point or destination as simple bag- 
gage, the weights of the respective parts being 
equally divided as follows, assuming that the 
party is four persons, "travelling right." 

If an outfit of suitable camp furniture and 
other convienences be added, it can be packed in 
a small compass and shipped likewise. The 
weight of a camp table complete for four persons 
being but fifteen pounds, and the chairs or stools 
two pounds each, or less according to grade. 

Thus, can it be easily com- 
puted that a most modern and 
comfort giving camp outfit can be 
provided, which, from a mini- 
mum of space and weight would 
give a maximum of most desir- 
able comforts which contribute 
largely to the pleasures and 
benefits of an outing, anywhere, and yet the entire 
weight of an elaborate outfit, everything complete 
for four people would not average over lOO lbs. per 
person, transported safely in the two chests 
described. -v.O)v 

Camp 

Cooking' 
Outfit 

Unpacked 
121 




The Buzzacott 

Complete Camp 

Cooking and 

Messing Outfit 

Packed. 







Tent Pole Conveniences 

Such little articles as 

these contribute largely 

toward the neat and 

cleanly appearance of a 

camp. It insures dry 

clothing, and safety for 

such equipment as ought 

to be hung tip instead of 

laying around the tent. 

The weight of these 

articles are but a few 

ounces and 

occupy but 

a few inches, 

they are very 

popular with 

the Military, 
Id Use. Clothing Hanger. ^^^ ^^^^ ^ 

sanitary point of view alone are invaluable. They 
are made to adjust to almost any size Tent Pole, 
there is no necessity of marring the poles with 
unsightly lines, ropes or nails which are apt to 
splinter the wood and later tear the canvas of the 
tent. The hooks are of twisted steel wire, plated 
so as not to rust, and the hooks permit of nearly 
all clothing to be hung thereon, aired and out of 
the way. They will support any weight you choose 
to put thereon, or your rifle can be hung handy and 
out of danger or dampness, a feature alone that 
speaks for itself. It is known as the Wa "nock 
Tent Pole Hanger, and is now sold by all reliable 
dealers in camp equipments. 

If a more portable or flexible leather tent pole 
clothing hanger is required get the "Buzzacott" 
pocket size. It fits any size tent pole or sapling 
— can't break style; or send for special circular. 

122 




The "Buzzacott" Tent Pole Spec:?lties 




Tent Pole G.;.i Rack. 



Cuts 1, 2 and 3 shov how Tent Pole and 
Gun Rack is Used. 





Weight only 

8 oz. 

Fits any Tent 

Pole. 



The Tent Pole Clothing and Equipment Hanger. 




Portable Htinters Cabins 
Summer or 'Winter Cottages 

American ingenuity has made possible the 
construction of a simple Hunters Cabin, or the 
elaborate cottage, il points distant from civil- 
ization, and already American made portable 
houses dot the earth from Alaska to Africa. They 
are fitted together in our factories and shipped in 
sections, one or more of which represent an entire 
building that can be easily transported and put 
up in a few moments, or at the most a few hours 
time according to size, not a hammer or nail or 
sharp tool of any kind whatever being needed. 
The only tools essential being a pocket screw 
driver and wrench. A room of full size with 
floors, roof, walls and vv^indows weighing only 
$00 pounds. As they are made in any way and style 
desired, for any purpose or needs, they range 
from a child's play or doll house to an elegant six 
room modern ranch, mining headquarters or a 
summer home havmg all the comforts and lux- 
uries of the city residence. The doors, windows, 
roof, walls and flooring can be made double, 
absolutely wind, water and draught proof. In- 
terior walls can be hned with tapestry, linen or 
paper, making a handsome interior capable of 
withstanding the rigors of an Arctic or Tropical 
climate. Such houses can be put up in a very 
short space of time— taken down and moved as 
may be needed. Folding wall beds with spring 
mattresses which occupy only wall space when 
not in use are with our camp furniture used in 
these buildings. 

Our own government now uses them as por- 
table barracks for our troops both in the Philippines 
and Alaska which is sufficient endorsement of 



1 



1 



S'^^J^^^^S 



Portable Hottset^ BarracKo* 



Portable Hunters Cabin 

Complete 

Put up in 1$ Minutes 




Complete Summer 

Cottage, 

Spohsmens Cttib 

Headquarters 

Family Resort. 

Put up in Three 

Hours Time 




A Complete 
8 ^oom House. 



Banters* Cabin Packed, 

Portable 

Automobiles 
Houses 

Put up without a 
tool other t h a n a 
pocket screwdriver 
andwreacb. 




125 



their merits. One of these portable houses will cost 
less than the freight on the lumber. A six or seven 
room cottage can be erected in a day ready to 
occupy, avoiding all loss of time, trouble, and 
expense of labor, building, etc. As the parts are 
interchangeable you can remodel your house any 
time. As to cost, one hundred dollars per room is 
a fair average. Fitted out with Folding Camp 
Furniture renders them equal to the modern con- 
structed frame house that can be occupied as the 
family home or the head quarters of the Million- 
aire' Sporting Club in the heart of the forest. 
Some idea of the extreme uses to what they are 
put can be formed when it is known that they are 
extensively used for the following purposes as 
mentioned and illustrated herein: 



Portable 

Army Barracks. 
Military Hospital. 
Railroad Waiting Rooms. 
Restaurant's Annex 
Golf Link and Skating Houses 
Sporting Club Headquarters. 
Ranch or Mining Houses. 
Army Officers' Quarters. 
Contractors Offices and Homes. 
Shooting and Fishing Clubs. 

and a host of other like purposes. Thousands of 
them being erected in South Africa, South and 
Central America and Alaska. In this as in other 
like things American Product excels, and 
export shipments show that our make is by far 
superior to those of foreign grade. 



126 




a 




in Hunting, bear in mind that game has unusual 
power of scent, sight and hearing, As you tramp 

(noiselessly you 
may think) thro 
the brush and 
woods, you 
would be as- 
tonished if you 
knew that the 
very game you 
seek has per- 
haps time and 
time again seen 
and avoided 
you. The keen- 
eyed and eared 
rascals are sel- 
dom c a u g h t 
napping, a n.d 
are ever alert to 
the slightest 
sound or noise. 
If you be wise, 
select some 
Equipped for a S-days' trip. good spot in 

the woods where the game you seek abounds, at a 
point where your observation commands as large 
a vicinity as possible, select a log or comfortable 
seat and sit still. Watch and wait. You'll find 
this plan far more successful than tearing through 
the brush, unconsciously scaring away anything 

that otherwise would 
afford you an oppor- 
tunity for your skill. 

The Indian, master 
of the art that he is, 
moves silently, hardly 
disturbing a twig or a 
leaf, and rarely does 
he return empty hand- 
ed as the result of 
snch careful studied 
woodcraft, which his 
white brother will do 
well to imitate. 





The Coquina Outfft 

A first class com- 
bination for the use 
of large game hunt- 
ers, that can be de- 
pended upon, one 
that is especially 
put up for those 
who desire to be 
prepared for any 
emergency, from 
the skinnmg of a 
coon to the carving 
up of a moose or 
grizzly. Fasteijs to 
waist or cartridge 
belt. With such an 
outfit as this, one 
can blaze a trail or 
cut their way 
through a jungle of 
small brush, or 
build a good brush 
hut or shelter and 
shingle it. With 
such an outfit and a 
folding axe one is 
equipped with cut- 
ting and chopping 
apparatus that will 
for a lifetime serve 
every possible pur- 
pose a w o o d s or 
astream. The illus- 
tration shows a 
hand forged, hand 
made, hand tem- 
pered; hand sharpened Hunters Skinning Knife, 
heavy Hunting Knife and Chopper and select fine J 
Sharpening Steel, all in a compact dependable leath- 
er sheath, the whole arranged to be there and kept 
there safely, until time to use it, without danger of 
loss, no matter how hard you tear through the brush 
in the pursuit of game. 




128 



Reliable WeatHer Sigris 



Pale yellow sky at Suuset 
indicates wet weather 

Red Sunrise indicates Rain 
and Wind 

•'Rert at nig-ht. Camper's 
-lelight; 

Red at Morning-, Camper's 
warning," 

"Rain before seven, quits 
before eleven." 

Rain with East Wind is 
lengthy 

Red Eastern Sky at sunset 
means bad weather to come 

Sudden Rain, short duration 

Slow Rain lasts long- 
When Beetles Fly expect a 
fine to-morrow 

Busy Spiders mean fine 
weather 

Flies bite harder on ap- 
proaching- storms 

When Dogs sniff the air fre- 
quently look out for a 
change in the weather 

Morning Rains make clear 
Afternoons 

Birds fl.ving high indicate 
good weather 



Birds and 'Animals travel 
aw-ay from water in the 
morning, toward water at 
night 

Hiding Spiders or Breaking 
Webs indicate Storms 

Heavy Dew means Dry wea- 
ther to follow 

When Birds ruffle or pick 
their feathers, huddle to- 
gether, look out for changes 
in the weather 

Low Clouds swiftly moving 
indicate coolness and rain 

Grey morning sky means 
good weather 

Soft looking clouds mean 
fine weather to come, mod- 
erate winds. 

Hard Edged Clouds, light 
winds 

Rolled or ragged clouds 
heavy winds 

A strip of Seaweed, in tent or 
house, in fine weather, 
keeps dry and dusty-like in 
coming rains it gets wet, 
damp and sticky 




To tell the Points of the Compass with a 
"Watch.— When the sun is to be seen— (for men do 
even get lost in sun-light) put down your watch 
with the hour hand pointing directly toward the 
sun — half way between the hour hand and figure 
twelve is south. 

Do not kill more game than you need or can 
use* don't be a hog. 

Do not fire at an object until you are sure it 
is not a human being. 



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'Ji^ik.'.: ' >^ fi.^^ ^'-''- '^ •■ 



'Where the Fish Hide," 130 




^ 



'Casting' 



Various Modes of Fishing 

There are three differ- 
ent modes of fishing, each 
l^'^i., requiring slightly vaiied 
'^^'^\ equipment and methods. 
*fe ist comes ''Still or 
Bai* Pishing" which 
means that you offer fish 
an acceptable food, using 
a common, ordinary rod, 
line, float, hook and bait and place it before them, 
usually in mid or deep waters. 

2nd by "Trolling or Trailing" either natural 
or imitation fish or objects representing such, as 
revolving spoons, spinners, etc., etc., or by using 
either live or dead baits trolled near surface, mid 
or deep waters, and by movement (usually trolling 
is carried on from a moving boat or line) attract- 
ing the attention of fish and so deceiving and lur- 
ing him into the belief that it is a thing of life as 
to tempt them to bite at it and be caught. For 
this purpose many excellent "revolving or spoon 
baits" are used, having concealed about them one 
or more hooks, both open and wfeedless, for .use in 
various waters, used with and without foods at- 
tached to them. 

While the 3rd is by "Bait or Ply Casting" or 
tempting and deceiving fish with apparent or nat- 
ural dainty morsels, either insect or other form, 
deftly thrown or tightly tossed on the surface of 
the waters, that which represents what the fish is 
known to be fond of or antagonistic to, and by skill- 
ful manipulation, imitating life, and of all sport, 
requiring knowledge and skill, that experience 
only can master, this, of all, stands pre-eminently 
alone, for fly or bait casting holdsthe same relation 
to other fishing as ''poetry does to prosed 



In bait fishing the game is all yours, while in fly 
fishing its evenly divideci between the angler and 
the fish. This is explained by the fact that in bait 
fishing the fish is usually allowed to swallow or 
gorge the bait and hook, and this book being par- 
tially down the fish's throat, his chances of shak- 
ing it out, in the struggles to follow, are decidedly 
against him; while in fly fishing, the hook being 
usually fastened in his mouth, or edge of it (where 
there are few, if any, nerves of pain) no great tor- 
ture is inflicted, while its strength and breathing 
faculties being thus uninjured, leaves him all 
strength and ability to resist your efforts at cap- 
l?ire, thus both contributing to and prolonging the 
sport and skill required to land him. 

Bait that is to be used in still or bait fishing 
must always be fresh, alive if possible. If not 
alive so hooked and handled as to deceive by its 
natural appearance, scent or movement. If, as 
before stated, dead bait is used, it must positively 
be fresh, otherwise fish will avoid and refuse it. 
It is, therefore, apparent that the all important 
lies in the possession and use of proper and not 
improper bait; such too, as is most liked by the 
species you set out to capture. Bearing in mind 
that it is not the costly tackle, but the most fitting 
bait and knowledge in knowing how and where to 
put it that contribute towards being the success- 
ful fisherman. Thus it is wise to secure absolute- 
ly fresh, appropriate bait, even at the expense of 
your other equipment, be your still fishing 
especially. 

A fine outfit of rod and tackle, will lessen your 
labors, add to ease and enjoyment in handling it, 
but its the bait that gets the fish,A **So jot that 
downy (See articles on bajts.) 



When oreezes are soft and sky's just fair, 

Steal a few hours f rom.worry and care, 

And wander away to yon babbling brook 

With your rod, your lines, your 1>aits and hooks. 



A Few Species of American 
Game Fish 



Brook Trout 

4 oz. to 4- IJss. 

Northern 

States aud 

Canada 




Spotted Sea 

Trout 

1 to 5 lbs. 

Atlantic coast 



Black Bass 

1 to 6 lbs. 

Northern and 

Western rivers 

and lakes 




Striped Bass 

1 to 20 lbs. 

Northern, 

.Western and 

Southern coast 



Average -weights only are given. 

133 



rm 



S| 




The Successful Fisherman 

Is the one who 
f axilla rizes 
himself with the 
ways of fish, he 
who studies out 
and observes 
the peculiar 
traits.habitsand 
haunts of the 
various fish he 
sets out to cap- 
ture, who ac- 
quaints himself 
with facts as to 
their sense o t 
sight, scent and 
hearing, their 
mode of exist- 
ence, foods, likes, seasons, etc., thus qualifying 
himself to better understand them, so 'as to take 
advantage of their ignorance, avoid their ready 
perception of things, and fool their cunning. 

Thus enabling him to better seek or locate them, 
then to tempt or deceive, to that point where they 
will strike at a p»x)ffered or attractive bait, either 
to satisfy their hunger or to rid themselves of its 
tantalizing presence about them. Very few whp 
start out "a fishing" have any such conception or 
proper ideas concerning these points, and yet 
nothing is more conducive of success, and be he 
bobbing for eels or whale fishing, the one familiar 
with such things, is mighty apt to be the most suc- 
cessful at the end of the" trip. 

He should become familiar with the fishes nat- 
ural foods, their methods and time of procuring it, 
the places they frequent, those they avoid, and 

134 



1 






why they avoid them; with such knowledge .one 
can often turn failure into success, and yet strange 
to say, very little is generally known of these 
things. 

The sight of fish is unusually acute and they are 
possessed of the faculties of both hearing and feel- 
ing sound. They breathe the air that is dissolved 
in water, and do not as is generally supposed, de- 
rive that air or Oxygen from the chemical con- 
stituents of the water, but from the very air we 
breathe; when they exhaust the air as in the use 
of bait pails, they suffocate; yet if a supply of 
fresh air be forced ijito the water of even a bait 
pail, the fish will revive. Their eyes are peculiar- 
ly placed, rendering it somewhat difficult to see on 
a level or directly under them, they can however, 
see plainly anything that is above or about them, 
and for an unusually long distance in clear or 
shadier waters, especially so, be it still waters. 
Their sense of smell and hearing is well developed 
and it is certain that they possess the faculties 
which enable them to perceive and distinguish 
odors, also that various scents attract or repel 
them. In most cases fish like snakes, see motion 
only. As they have no (or but little tongue, their 
sense of taste is poor) and they rely mostly on 
sight and smell in the choosing of their foods. 
Not a few fish feed on vegetable matter, or mud 
which contains ailimentary matter in a living or 
decomposed state, and while they are mostly car- 
nivorious, yet they will subsist on vegetation 
should other or live food become scarce; most fish 
are however extremely voracious and the rule eat 
or be eaten, applies tathem with unusual force. 
Whatever the prey, in most cases, it is swallowed 
whole, and they show but little choice in its selec- 
tion, devouring their own offspring or kind indis- 




ss^ca^^=^3 



Criminately with others; living tavfight and fight.- 
ing to live, from the very earliest stages until; that^ 
time when, age renders them but fitting to the at- 
tack of the turtle undertaker- 
Owing to lack of nerves, it fs^ safe to say 
that many fish experience biit little painv and 
it is well known that a> Pike; whose mouth has, 
b<ten lacerated by a. hook, will;:contihue after it 
with eagerness^ while-larger.fishsuch'as shark will' 
allow itself to-be repeatedly.cut'and;stabbed,..with- 
out noticing It or abandoning -its prey, especially 
so, be it hungry'.. Fresh water fish can go for 
weeks or a month withbut food entirely, while to 
salt water fish one-half that time would mean. star- 
vation. In all fish, teeth are shed an'd renewed at. 
intervals during the entire course of their life, and 
at such times they invariably are active, yet do not 
seem to either needier care for food; same in 
spawning, and in winter time when owing to in- 
action certain species often cease to feed entirely, 
laying still in deeper waters and where owing to 
this inaction they require little or no food. On the 
other hand those of the pike species are less in- 
clined to feed (iuring the hotter months, but in 
colder weather are both active and hungry. In 
most cases the females exceed the males in size, 
while they take on the colorings of their surround- 
ings, and science has proved beyond doubt that 
fish like the salmon, for instance, who feeds large- 
ly on "crustaceans" and which the stomach's pro« 
cess of digestion turns red (as in boiling) seems to 
impart into their flesh the well known pink or sal- 
> j^ , mon color. When out of water fish suffocate easi- 
ly ly, yet there are species notably eels, carp, catfish, 
'^= etc., that possess* such powers as to enable them 
^= to live for hours even days out of water entirely. 
'=^==. Big fish usually prefer solitude and inhabit the 
deepest, choicest portions of the waters they dwell 

137 



i\ 




in, usually the deeper, cooler spots. Especially 
those where winds and currents carry or drive 
floating or other foods about them. When feeding 
they are usually alert to any sight or sound about 
them and invariably hide behind projecting rocks, 
banks, stumps or weeds or in shadier waters, where 
they can observe and be hid from their prey, thus 
able to locate, dart out and seize all those of food 
that come within their reach, and if hungry or pro- 
voked they will not hesitate to devour even a fish 
of their own species and size, which they swallow 
head first, and if there be no room for the tail part 
it remains almost in its captors mouth until that 
portion inside is sufficiently digested to bring the 
balance in. Often in cleaning one is amazed at 
the large size of fish found thus in the stomach of 
a captured, one. When they have gorged them- 
selves thus with food, fed their fill, so to speak, as 
they invariably do when feeding if they can, they 
retire to deeper, darker and cooler waters and 
here they sleep and remain inactive. 

Peculiarly enough in the heat of summer the 
cooler waters are in the deeper spots while in 
winter the order is reversed and the deeper por- 
tions are the warmest. 

Usually it is well to avoid fishing in the middle 
of a hot dayi although in some kinds of fishing and 
places, it seems to make no difference, especially 
be it their feeding time. 

It is a good rule, however, to go, either in the 
early morn (after an early breakfast) or late of an 
evening, before dark, or at night and the cloudier 
the weather the better are your chances of success 
especially be it before a storm or rain, for at these 
times fish are unusually active and alert and if the 
surface of the waters be ruffled or stirred by a 
breeze or mild wind then is it siill better, for in 
calmer or still, smooth waters they usually remain 
inactive, necessitating much deeper fishing, if you 
desire to reach or attract them 

There can be no set rules specifically laid down 
for fishing, unless conditions are considered with 
them. Conditions of the weather, season, time 

^ 138 



2 



^r 



TIS^ 




and waters. Today fish may bite well almost any- 
thing you offer them, yet few are to be seen. Yes- 
terday plenty was in evidence, yet for some rea- 
son they absolutely refused to bite. Here they 
take any fly, every one you offer them, an hour 
hence they refuse all but one, and that the last one 
you tried. Today all small fish, with one specie 
biting only; others not to be found. All these are 
conditions. Adapt yourself then not to set rules, but 
conditions. Rules are all right, but if you want to 
be successful you must acquire the knack of 
a'dapting conditions with and to the rules, for, tru- 
ly can it be said ''that the ways of fish no man 
knoweth.''' 

It is also best to studiously avoid not only bemg 
seen, but heard by fish you are after. Water is a 
sound conductor, and the lesser the chance of any 
fish seeing or hearing you the greater the chances 
of success. Again water magnifies. This is prov- 
en by articles therein which to the observer often 
appears larger when submerged than thev really 
are, and such a monstrous affair as yourself reflect- 
ed on the surface of water is not calculated to in- 
vite fish to your vicinity or to even stay there and 
especially is this so while angli'ng for that most 
wary fish the trout. 

Of all senses possessed by fish none is more 
acute than their sense of smell and no fish can be 
lured by an ill-smelling or putrid bait. It has been 
proven by experiment that fish that rushed and 
fought for fresh foods flung to them refused to 
even rise to putrid or ill-smelling food, even blind 
fish avoid it. Hence it is obvious that it was a 
powerful sense of smell that guided them aright. 
Neither will they accept an unnatural looking or 
uninviting bait, (in still fishing) their sharp sight 
enabling them to quickly detect an unnatural bait 
unless It be hid by movement, rendering it less 
liable to be observed by them. The choicest 
spots for fishing are usually found in the 
most difficult places to get at. Often where 
the deeper, cooler waters and unfrequented 
spots exist, near bottom springs or brooks. 
Here is where the larger fish are to be 
found. On the other hand, the smaller ones fre- 
quent the more shallow, difficult waters, where 
they are, in a measure, safe from the rushes of the 



larger ones. Again, small ones school together, 
while the big ones prefer solitude, except in 
spawning season or when they mate, and frequent- 
ly large fish hover about extremely shallow water 
hiding at some point ready to seize such as pass 
their way. Again, fish bite w-ell betore rains, sel- 
dom well after; simply because rains wash foods 
in plenty from earth and soil, bringing with it and 
stirring up oiher life, at the same time, hence they 
are busy seekmg food in such places (unknown to 
you) where past familiarity with the waters have 
taught them nature sends food to him in a more 
plentiful, easier way. 

All fishes conform to the laws regulating activi- 
ties, and become more sluggish as their surround- 
mgs become colder. 

At such times they remain quiet seemingly life- 
less and because they exert so little energy they 
require but little food, and it is during activity 
only that they consume quantities of food. 

It is the inclination to go into deeper and conse- 
quently warmer water in the fall, that has doubt- 
less been the factor in developing that migrating 
instinct in the species that run "down stream in 
fair* and "up stream in spring." 

Read also the Art of Angling, Bait Casting, 
Splashing, Sputting, etc.; Trolling, Trailing, etc. 
About fishes and fishing for them. 



1 




The Midday Rest. 
141 



When About to Fit Out 

Or outfit for a fishing trip don't imagine that the 
amount of success depends on the dollars iand 
cents expended in your kit. 

That country boy with the green cut pole,, store 
cord and penny hook, might, beat you all holler, 
does he but use judgment (fish sense) in its mani- 
pulation. A few paltry dollars or cents, if judi- 
ciously expended and correctly handled, is as con- 
ducive of success as the more costly equipment 
in the hands of the careless, indifferent or igno- 
rant. 

If needs be you must economize, select but a 
simple, yet correct outfit. In fact, I strongly rec- 
ommend the inexpensive outfit to the. new begin- 
ner. There is time enough to invest in the higher, 
better grades when one has acquired sufficient 
practical experience to render him reasonably 
proficient in the art of correctly judging and 
handling it. No amount of nickel parts, fine rods 
or reels catches fish.- See then not to its looks or 
fineness at first, but to your all-round capability 
of handling it correctly, and to place on the wet 
end the right article before the fish in a fitting way. 
Then will most any reliable fair priced tackle 
serve its purpose well and if you start out thus 
equipped, with a good supply of patience, a deter- 
mination to try hard and put up with repeated 
failure and go with a light pack, prepared to meet 
disappointment and failure, to get wet and hungry 
and to wait patiently, for hours perhaps, without a 
single bite (except from a blood thirsty mosquito) 
you will, I warrant it, not only meet with ''glori- 
ous success,'''' but live to grow both an old, wise 
and most enthusiastic angler, reaping miich pleas- 
ure, health and enjoyment from many a long trip, 
in the time to come, for there are many other ben- 
fits to be gotten from a fishing trip, besides fish. 

Read Articles on Various Equipment. 
142 




Did you 
Ever Observe 

The experienced "fisherman guide" 
the man who has perhaps spent 
the most of his life "a-fishing 
and showing others how," who possessed an 
elaborate fishing outfit. I say no, for in my travels 
(and I have come across some pretty old hands) 
I have yet to find one who used anything bat the 
simplest kind of an outfit, and who did not care 
for or deem essential anything else, and while you 
put in time on your fine tackle^. he busied himself 
with his baits and hooks. 

Hence I repeat see not to the fine tackle or the 
abundance of it, but to its appropriateness. Give 
more consideration to your baits and the right 
places where fish abound. This with other proper 
methods of luring them is what counts, then will 
the simplest outfit suffice your meeds, especially 
so, do you use judgment; and study both condi- 
tions as well as rules in the use and employment 
of it. 



'The Experienced Fishermen 
143 




If Your First Trip "A=Fishing" 




"If even a boy, one who has been there." 

If possible choose for a companion (if even a 
boy) one familiar with the waters and place you 
go, "one who has been there." The longer he has 
been at the game the better he can serve you; a 
few pralical questions (even if taken from a book) 
diplomatically made and a few ready answers, 
will, in a measure, convince you of his sincerity 
and experience in fishing matters. 

If an experienced guide (can you afford it) or a 
friend of yours, so much the better, as nowadays 
the successful man is the one who acquires ex- 
perience the quickest — he who learns by observ- 
mg others, by emulating their achievements, and, 
avoiding their failures. Life is too short for per- 
sonal experiment, and should your choosen com- 
panion be experienced so much the better can he 
serve you. 

When you have acquired sufficient practical 
knowledge to render you familiar with the em- 
ployment of the various kinds of tackle, how to 
assemble and use it, the selection of the various 
bails and places, then it is time to strike out for 
youiself, and go alone, at least far enough away 

144 



from your companions, as to be unmolested by their 
movements or discouraged by their success or 
failures, for let me impress the fact that it's the 
'■'lone and quiet fishermati'' that's the successful 
one, so jot that down, too. 

The Fishing Outfit 

Depends entirely on circumstances, your pocket, 
the time and place you intend to go; the kind of 
fish that's there; whether it be a pond, brook, 
stream, river, lake or sea; fresh, brackish or salt 
water; whether you go for a few hours, days, weeks 
or a month and the season of the year. 

First you must decide just where to go. This 
done, to post up on the kind of fish that's there 
and the most successful methods in vogue of cap- 
turing them ; then as to the time you intend to stay, 
for the kind of outfit you need depends largely on 
these things. The rest is a simple matter, at least, 
until you get down to fishing proper. 

And in order that my readers will better under- 
stand these conditions, I will further on go into de- 
tails as to the proper selection of equipment as 
well as suggestion for the care and use of it all 
further on. ' 

See chapters on baits, rods, reels, lines, floats, 
leaders, snells, hooks, creel, landing nets, j^affs, 
wading. Articles on various species of fish and 
other things. 





^ ^ 
•^ ^ 




I 



To the American Woman 

American girls are noted the world over as par- 
ticipants in all kinds of healthful, enjoyable, out- 
door sports. Hence it is not amiss to venture the 
remark that of all sports, to the lady, angling is 
the choicest. By all means girls, insist ongoing 
along; take your last summer's dresses and cut 
them off to jus^t below the knee, (woolen or flannel 
is best.) Take a pair of ladies fine rubber boots 
and a broad rimmed hat, sweater jacket, rain cape, 
a light pair of high shoes, under bloomers, and a 
pair of ladies thigh leggings, and you have an 
ideal outfit. Two changes all around is ample; a 
light waist or two, extra, a woolen tiaveling dr«ss, 
a suit of ladies pajamas for sleeping; towels, soap, 
etc., (leave powder at home) and come back with 
the tan and rosy cheeks of health instead. Thou- 
sands and thousands go every year and revel in 
the pleasures of camp life; fishing, hunting, gath- 
ering wild flowers, long walks and 
boat rides, fresh air, camp -appe- 
tite, health happiness, and genuine 
pleasure awaits you if you leave be- 
hind luxuries, and go with a com- 
mon sense outfit; prepared to revel 
and enjoy the plainer, more substan- 
tial life and living thar your great- 
grandmothers enjoyed and profited 
by before you. Let me say, try it 
once; you'll have less doctor bills, and 
will thank me on every trip you take 
•thereafter, for the advice now. 

The Author. 





Preserved Baits 



About Baits 

Of all fish bails none is more 
tempting than the common earth 
or garden worm (angle 
worm.) If presented 
fresh and wriggling 
they are most tempt- 
ing morsels to any fish 
and can be dug up 
from rich soil almost 
anywhere or be forced 
to the surface of the 
ground by a liberal drenching. The best time for 
their capture is after a heavy rain and if put into a 
small porous, earthen jar (small flower pot) partially 
filled with wet moss, and the pot kept cool and in a 
dark place, they will keep for days. Don't put them 
in a tin can filled with soaking wet mud, as most do, 
for this kills them. 

Worms are most fitting bait to most any fish and 
this is why fish seldom bite during or immediately 
after rainy weather, as they are then busy seeking 
them; those that every downpour of rain washes 
from the earth and soil into the creeks, streams, 
brooks and into lakes or waters where fish abound, 
hence they are busy seeking such foods, not dang- 
ling from a hook but in places where past expe- 
rience has taught them nature sends them in a 
more plentiful, easier way. When, however, you 
use worms for bait see to it that they are im- 
paled well covering your hook, passing the worms 
from head to tail and leaving just enough dangling 
to show a wriggle of life or movement and when 
thus placed in the water it will rarely be missed if 
fish abound there too. 

Next to this and of equal worth is the minnow, 
the fish's actual food. Grasshoppers. Even the 
148 



considered repulsive (but excellent bait) the mag- 
got, Helgramite^pr Dobson, caterpillars, beetles, 
wasp, bees, larvae, palmers, crickets, moths, snails, 
gnats, bugs, insects and flies of all kinds, raw liver, 
beef, the little mouse, fat of pork, or for salt water, 
shrimp, shedder, crab, clams, (hard portion) sand 
worms, small eels, or even the white skin or belly 
meat of the fish itself, can be used to advantage 
all of which should be cut and hooked so as to as 
cl sely represent some living article as possible. 

For live bait nothing can beat the small, live 
minnow or very small frog, both of which are ex- 
cellent, hence I deem it fitting to go into details 
concernmg both. 

In choosing frogs the angler should remember 
that the smaller ones are best. This is true even of 
frogs no larger than the first joint of a man's 
thumb. Some contend that these are too small to 
attract attention and that bass, for (frogs are best 
bait for bass fishing) cannot see them a sufficient 
distance away, but it's a mistake. In fair bass 
waters any bass will see a frog of that size a dis- 
tance of 20 feet and hit it every time if he is 
hungry. Again the small frog casts better going 
out well with the line and striking the water with 
little splash to alarm the fish, and what is more 
important a bass will take it at one gulp, permit- 
ting an almost instant strike instead of swimming 
and toying with it for a few seconds, only to spit it 
out if the point of the hook is felt. Hence the 
small frog an inch or two in size hooked through 
botli lips just behind a small spoon makes the most 
fatal of baits in July and August bass fishing. 

In color the frog should be green with a white 
belly, with a tinge of yellow about the throat. The 
frog with the brown Jback and yellowish belly be- 
ing not so good. 

The meadow frog either green or brown is of 

149 







right size but its color is too faint. The JDright 
green tree frog of slender shape is an excellent 
lure, but is a poor swimmer and soon drowns, 
hence the best rule is to get them as small and 
green as possible. In keeping frogs for long trips 
and for days after the fishing ground is reached 
many make the serious mistake of giving them too 
much moisture, and while it is true that marsh 
frogs live in water, yet they thrive better without 
it in captivity. 

Frogs will live longer and remain strong if kept 
in a dry- basket, wet thoroughly two or three 
times a day. They should not even have wet moss 
or grass under them Frogs will live surprisingly 
long piled on top of one another four or five deep 
in a basket and kept dry. 

A very good method to keep them in captivity 
is to set the basket with a stone in it on the edge 
of the water so that one end barely touches the 
water, two-thirds of the basket being on the- shore. 
Thus they can have as much or as little water as 
possible and by linking into the basket as often as 
you will, you will find them invariably huddled to- 
gether on top of each other, always in the dry end. 
Frogs do not need food in captivity. They will live 
comfortably enough without it for two weeks and 
seem to be at the end of that time as strong and 
fat as when first caught. On a good lake, bass 
fishing a man will need two or three dozen frogs a 
day, unless he fastens them to his hook. A frog 
that has died in the box should be used first and 
is just as good as a live one if used at ouce so 
don't throw any away. 

As to minnows for all general purposes these 
are the best of baits. The one great difficulty be- 
ing in securing and keeping alive a sufficient 
quantity, as when captured they require no end of 
care to keep them healthy and alive.^ To this end 
150 



a multitude of folding, telescope, and other novel 
minnow buckets have been made and marketed. 
Yet of all these there is but one that is made on 
the right principles necessary to really keep them 
alive. The trouble with all minnows is that being 
unusually delicate, they cannot well survive the 
frequent rough handling or jolting they are sub- 
jected to when carried around in a bait pail. Again 
they soon exhaust oxygen necessary to sustain life 
which is so small, in a bait pail, necessitating a 
frequent changing of the water and its tempera- 
ture, and despite the greatest of care, they soon 
succumb to the necessary rough handling, when 
they turn up on their backs and die. 

All this has been changed by the construction 
of a bait pail, built on scientific principles, the 
same as that adopted by the U. S. Fish commis- 
sion, in its successful methods, by which fish of all 
kinds are transported for many thousands of miles 
— on journeys that consume often a week or more 
of time, and for the benefit of my readers I illus- 
trate herewith the principles employed. A glance 
at the illustrations plainly showing the essential 
features necessary for the keeping oi imprisoned 
fish or minnows alive for any reasonable length of 
time, by an arrangement wb,ich steadily supplies 
the water with air as fast as the fish exhausts the 
supply so necessary to its existence. By refer- 
ence to illustrations of the Aerating minnow 
pail it will be noticed that under the water com- 
partment, separated from it by a watertight bot- 
tom, is an air chamber or retort made of sheet 
steel, so riveted together as to be very strong (to 
withstand the air pressure.) A brass air pump is 
attached to the outside of the pail and connected 
with the air retort or chamber, into which the air 
is compressed by the pump. From this retort the 
air is released into the water (at the bottom) in 

151 




small bubbles, through a tube; two tubes being 
furnished, one for free flow, the other for a h'ghter 
flow of air. In operation it is so simple that its 
success is obvious almost at a glance. The pail 
proper is 12 inches high, 10 inches in diameter and 
has a water capacity of about 2>^ gallons, weighs 
TYz lbs. Fifty good sized minnows or 150 small 
ones, can be thus kept alive, without pumping or 
change of water for days; and if kept in a fairly 
cool place, out of the sun, and pumped up occa- 
sionally, say twice a day to keep the chamber full 
of air, minnows can be kept for weeks by feeding 
them. No changing of water even being required 
except it be once in four or five days and then it 
is necessary only to do this in order to clear the 
water of its excretions or dirt. 

Care must be taken, however, to set no pail in 
the heat of the sun. It should be shaded and cov- 
ered with a cloth. Thus can minnows be safely 
kept day and night and be as lively as ever when 
needed mostly, in the early morn, (these rules, of 
course, applying to points away a distance from 
waters.) 

If a change of water is not possible, by pouring 
off and repouring back frequently the same .water 
from a good height will restore the water with a 
supply of air again. Yet it must be done a dozen 
times or more to charge the water with sufficient 
air. Even a simple rubber bulb and hose con- 
nected to any bait pail will be better than those ab- 
surd creations without it. 

Recently, however, a prepared minnow bait has 
been marketed by which they are put up whole so 
as to literally last a life time. They are put up in 
bottles (frogs also) packed carefully and immersed 
in a preparation like so many sardines. All be- 
ing necessary is to take them out of the bottle, 
soak them in water for a few minutes and they are 

152 



^ 




ready for use — ready to do their full share of lur- 
ing o,lhers to swallow them and be caught. 

This bait is at present receiving much attention 
from fishermen, it being claimed that they are just 
as plump and shiny as the day they were caught 
and that ihey can be carried any distance without 
sun or weather affecting them in the least. In my 
estimation they are well worth a trial especially to 
those who_ -cannot well secure live baity and is 
daily gaining devotees from all classes of fisher- 
men, who must necessarily make hurried trips, 
and even by those who have hitherto swore by 
their favorite make of artificial bait. 



revolving 
lich 



Por Trollingf or Trailing*— Various 
and glittering spoons, spinners, etc., are used whi 
by their action or movement (revolutions) in the 
water, glitter and attract, thus alluring and deceiv- 
ing fish into the belief that it is both living and 
•moving and rarely will a larger fish tail to perceive, 
rush and strike at them, should they happen to 
Aoiice.it, and as these are, often supplemented by 
ejther living or fresh fooci^, and one or more hooks, 
concealed here and there about it. Woe to the 
fish that savagely strikes at them. Yet care should 
be exercised that they troll naturally as even fish 
can quickly detect and avoid an unnatural, sus- 
picious or bungling bait, and more especially So 
in ''still fishing. * 

Before concluding my chapter on baits let me 
invite the attention of the angler to that excellent, 
yet rarely used bait, the maggot. (Trout love 
them.) A piece of meat or fish exposed to the sun, 
heatand flies (at a safe distance away) will insure 
all the bait a man can use in a week, in 24 hours 
time almost. ^ A full grown niaggot has great ten- 
acity of life in the water, while their color is at- 
tractive and the size just right, if several are used. 
As to offensiveness, keep them in a small box of 
corn meal, bran or even bread crumbs and there is 
nothing about them, that is any more objectionable 
than the dirty, slimy worm, that you handle with 
impunity. Dofi't be prejudiced. Try them along- 
side of other bait, and judge for yourself. 



"See also Wrinkles and Kinks'* 




LrUtninous- and 
Non=Lutninous Baits. 

(Casting and Trolling Baits, 
Spoons, etc.) 

These remarkably efficient and pe- 
culiar bans, have for twenty years, 
been before the fishing or angling fra- 
ternity^ and to those unacquainted 
with the merits and peculiar proper- 
ties of the most fitting luring kinds, it 
is necessary to enter into details con- 
cerning them. Luminous, baits are 
arfficiallures now made in every conceivable form 
and shape of insect and small fish life, used in the 
successful capture of larger fish, which when 
placed in the waters emit a phosphorescent glovr 
and the lummous properties of this glow, together 
with the artificial appearance of the bait, attract 
fish to them from unusual distance. The shine is 
not a brilliant one, but just enough to represent 
the unusual glittermg scales of a live fish in the 
water, and' when applied to trolling or other baits 
gives out an extremely alluring effect, especially at 
night (whenjinvanably the best hshmg prevails.) 
They are unequalled for day use and are more 
successful than any other baits for night use or for 
darker, deeper or roilly (stirred up) waters. These 
are put up of flexible yet strong oiled silk, linen, 
wood and metal form, in every conceivable shape 
of appropriate fish or insect life; any size from the 
common midge or house fly to the five or six inch 
large chub; and it may be well to add that although 
"phosphorescent" in nature or appearance, they 
do not contain phosphorus. The process being a 
secret which has with the success and merits of 
the lures, brought fame and riches to its inventor, 
and built up the largest manufacturing plant for 



1 



Pf lueger*s Luminous Bait^, Rubber Insects, etc. 




For Casting, Trolling, Spinning, Etc. 
155 



the manufacture of artificial baits in the United 
States. 

At the same time there are many other grades 
and styles of non-luminous baits and spoons that 
possess universal and meritorious alluring and kill- 
ing qualities, being made by experts in their line, 
who have studied most carefully all the known 
conditions, and used practically by millions of 
fisherman and anglers in almost every fishable 
waters. Most of these are highly or brightly plat- 
ed, and the glittering and spinning effect of them 
when used in the waters, serve to attract and, de- 
coy fish from afar, that would not have been able 
to either see or hear the ordinary kinds. Hence 
the only essential in choosing them is to select 
those most suited to the fish you set out to capture, 
be it the email or large Trout, Bass, Pike, Pickerel, 
Salmon or Muskallonge. Among the most reliable 
brands being Pfluegers,. Skinners, Shakespeares, 
Burtis, American, Buels, Hendryx, P. & S., Dela- 
van, Hastings, St. Lawrence, etc., every one of 
which can be counted A No. r, and intending pur- 
chasers or users can make no mistake in their se- 
lection provided they confine themselves to those 
that are genuine, and not those varieties made and 
sold in cheap imitation of the more popular and 
meritorious kinds. (See illustrations.) 




"A Fine Trout Stream' 



Casting, Baits, Spoons, 
Flies, Etc. 

Were one to give due consideration to all the 
most fitting variety of Baits, Flies, etc., it would 
need a book many times the size of this volume, 
yet as it is considered by most anglers that fly or 
bait casting is the most sportsmanlike method of 
fishing, a few remarks on Flies will not be amiss. 
It is a well known fact that in season when flies of 
all kinds abound, they are often rriost frequent 
near and about woods and water, and most fish 
have learned that they are especially good eating, 
hence for years anglers qhoose to capture live flies 
for use as baits; this in tijne led to the manufac- 
ture of artificial insects, which were found to equal 
the luring qualities of the natural fly, and to-last 
ten times longer. Hence anglers now invariably 
prefer artificial flies to the real bait of any kind, 
and as most fish seem to consider flies as equal to 
any other food, rising to the surface to grasp them, 
it affords far greater sport than any other methods 
where fishing or angling is carried on for sport, in- 
stead of mercenary ends. Hence almost every 
conceivable form of insect or bug life, has .been 
made ready for the anglers use; to each of which 
concealied and securely fastened is the treacherous 
hook, on which the biting fish impales itself at al- 
most the faintest grab. These are called "flies" 
and to each one has been applied either the name 
of the fly they mostly represent, or some other 
name to better distinguish it from the others; some 
of them resemble closely the living article of life, 
while others resemble no possible living creature, 
yet all of them possess at times remarkable luring 
and tempting qualities, that serve every puroose. 



1 



'The question why fish take these bunches of 
colored sHk, wool and feathers is unanswered, ex- 
cept that they imagine that aUke the others that 
form a part of their menu, they are good and do 
not stop to cogitate on. the kind or taste, until too 
late to realize their error or mistake. 

In the selection of flies much has been written, 
and rules have been laid down and specific flies 
put up for every kind of fish that will take them, 
for every season (as shown further on) yet, one 
must as m other things be guided by conditions as 
well as rules. It is a good rule to follow and use 
the flies that are in season at the time; yet there 
are times, plenty of them, when a decidedly differ- 
ert fly will take better. It is conditions one must 
study, conditions o^ light, shadows, wind, weather, 
and last but not least, the likes of the fish in the 
matter, changing as often as isnecessary to secure 
one that the fish will strike at; one should use 
bright flies on dark days, dark flies on bright days 
and gaudy flies when the fish refuse to rise to the 
surface for the plainer ones. 

Many anglers carry a hundred or more flies and 
no two hardly alike, yet I think this overdoing it. 
My book contains at the most four dozen, and 
when I have frequently changed a dozen or more 
times without success, I invariably prefer to seek 
other waters instead. At times these flies are sup- 
plemented by small spoons or spinners as shown 
by^illustrations; and for the employment of them, 
see articTes on Fly or Bait Casting and fishing 
elsewhere. 

In the use of Flies the tendency -is to use too 
large <7«(?5, hence it is wise to select the small- 
er ones, and not those of too large a size. 



1 



About the R.od 




The Rod and Form Case. 

It is no easy matter to select a fine rod, you c^n 
take all the advice you can get on the subject 
with benefit perhaps, but when it comes right down 
to selecting one, you have just got to know some- 
thing about them, to do it right. Bear in mind 
that 1 am speaking now of "fine rods." For ordi- 
nary purposes however, a fine rod is unnecessary 
to the new beginner, so don't bother with them, if 
you do, you are apt to find that later its too lon^, 
too heavy, "well just don't suit anyhow" necessi- 
tating the purchase of another fine rod. 

By all means let the new beginner select a good 
well made Lancewood rod, and put the difference 
in cost between that and the finer article (the Split 
Bamboo) in his supply of other tackle. Then when 
you know more about rods, through experience 
with your Lancewood, strike, out boldly and buy 
the fihest guaranteed hexagonal Split Barhboo rod 
that Aperican skill and your money can produce; 
and ifjyou patronize the right kind of specialists 
or makers of them, you will make no mistake, and 
get one you can forever after swear by. Don't 
ever invest in the articles put up especial for 
"cheap store" bargain sales, unless you want to 
borrow trouble and get stuck. 

There is much to be considered in the selection 
of a good rod. It should balance correctly, be 
neither loo limber or stiff, of good flexible action, 
and particularly suited to your individual strength 
of arm muscle and grip, and last but not least, it 
159 



should not weigh an ounce more than is necessary 
for the work for which it is intended. The handle 
grip had best be of cork, avoid the hard wired or 
corded rubbered ones, unless you work with your 
hands and they are real tough. It should be pro- 
vided with drawn seamless "serrated" ferrules, 
free running agate guides and tips, and if wound 
with silk, (like the Silkien invisible two-joint rodis) 
it wilt never stick, throw apart, or break at the 
joint, like a ferrule rod will; and if you patronize 
and bestow your patronage on some reliable deal- 
er, who can aid you in the selection of your first 
rod, it is evident that if he values your future pat- 
ronage, he is apt to do the right thing by you in 
the matter of an exchange if necessary; and when 
you succeed in getting a good rod, don't lend it 
to the boys, or leave it around uncared for and 
neglected when through using it. (See hints as to 
care of rods.) 

It is not essential to lay in a variety of rods, at 
least until you become a crank on the subject of 
fine tackle and angling. For all around purposes, 
for general use on various kinds of fish (except 
Salmon) but including Trout, Bass, Pike, Pickerel, 
etc., and fish up to medium good size and weight, 
for stream fishing, etc., an 8 or 9 foot rod weighing 
about 5 to 8 ounces, in my estimation comes very 
near to holding its own with any (even a supply) 
of them. 

If a fine Split Bamboo, let it Be of the 6 or 8 
strip, square or hexagonal edge about the sarne 
size, but an ounce or two less in weight, and it will 
be found as fine a rod to cast a fly or handle a fish 
with as any. 

If a trolling ro.i is. desired, that of about 6 to 8 

feet will suffice, weighing about an ounce or two 

to the foot. If a Salmon roJ, let it be about 15 ft., 

weighing about 20 ounces; and for the better in- 

160 



formation of my readers I include a table of the 
most appropriate woods used in the manufacture 
of reliable rods, in the order named. 

Spiral or twisted Bamboo, Split Bamboo, {Cal- 
cutta,) Steel, Lancewood, Snakewood, Green- 
heart, Bethabarro, Ironwood, Maltese, Indian 
Bamboo, Japanese Bamboo, Hickory, Ash. 

The cost of these rods range from $50.00 to $5.00 
although there are some good ones ranging from 
$3.00 up; but as I confine my remarks to the bet- 
ter class of goods, deem it unnecessary to waste 
time and space on the other kind. If cheapness is 
the only consideration, why not select the common 
Bamboo pole, costing but 15 cents up and weigh- 
ing 2 or 3 pounds, and which is cut to fit and done 
with it. 

Among the well known popular makes or rods 
can be mentioned the following excellent grades: 
Kosmic, Silkien, Special, Gogebic, Divine, Burtis, 
Henshall, Bristol, Gunnison, Degame, Pelican 
Lake, Taylor, Rodgers, St. Lawrence, Hendrick- 
Kalamazoo-Cooney, etc., and for further reference 
note illustrations accompanying this chapter, or 
Hints and Pointers, elsewhere. These rods when 
not in use, should be kept in handy rod forms 
and cases, of which various styles are made and 
sold for the purpose, of either canvas or leather. 



About the Reel 

The reel is a small 
clockwork like device 
composed of numerous 
side cogs and wheels all 
joined to a suitable light 
skeleton frame, so ar- 
ranged as to be easily and securely fastened to the 
rod or pole. 

161 




In angling it plays a very important function, its 
uses and action requiring its operation to be in 
perfect accord or correspondence to the movement, 
of the line, when playing a fish, all undier control 
of the angler. 

To meet these requirements, clicks and multi- 
pliers are employed; the click acting as a brake, 
checks or retards the line from running out too 
freely, while the multiplier gathers in that slack 
with increased speed, a single revolution of the 
handle reeling in a foot or more of line. Former- 
ly the great difficulty in ordinary reels was the 
tendency of the line, to spool unevenly in winding 
in,.but now even automatic spooling devices are 
employed which distribute the line evenly on the 
spool; and if a less expensive reel, it can be even 
provided with an automatic spooling device, as is 
shown in illustration, which can be applied to any 
ordinary reel. 

Good reels can now be purchased for a few dol- 
lars, although the very fine grades range in price 
from $3.00 to $50.00, depending largely on its size, 
grade and movement. They range from i to 24 
ounces in weight and vary in size accordingly, 
holding from 40 to 1,500 feet of line. 

The purpose of a reel is to accommodate and 
hold the line, and tb give (unreel line) or to take 
(reel in) when necessary, for casting or playing a. 
hooked fish. 

For fly casting, a single action click reel is used, 
while for bait casting a mullipyling or automatic 
reel is preferable, and if the latter, 60 or 70 feet of 
line can be given or taken by simply pressing a 
button. This action is done by spring power and 
is so arranged that it can be changed from auto- 
matic to free running or vice versa, by simply 
pressing a button or slide thereon. I illustrate 
various and most desirable kinds for the informa- 
»163 



tion of mv readers^ and as 1 include none but those 
of the highest standard of perfection, the fortunate 
possessor of either of them will find both ease and 
simplicity in their use, for their action is truly re- 
markable. The metal used in these reels is unaf- 
fected by water, while the pinions (revolve as in a 
watch) on jewelled bearings. 

When a game fish takes the line he usually does 
it with a rush, and with the proper reel can be 
either met by a free line, or by applying the click 
or drag, it takes the strength of the fish to secure 
line; while in the forward rush slack line can also 
be taken up quickly. At times these reels revolve 
with such speed as to keep running after the strain 
has ceased; this avoided by using a brake or by 
thumbing the line when on the spool, as in cast- 
ing. (See Bait Casting.) 

All good reels are provided with clicks and 
drags, either or both of which can be quickly 
brought into service, causing the spool to revolve 
with difficulty; bringing a strain on both the fish 
and line, thus the question of playing and exhaust- 
ing a large and fighting fish, is a simple matter. 

One of the most confusing things to select to the 
inexperienced, is a reel, and let the amateur go in- 
to any store or consult a catalogue on the subject, 
he is often amazed if not confused by the endless 
variety placed in front of him. In the use of them 
that of a bait rod should be on the top side in 
front of the handle, while on a fly rod, on the 
under side below the handle. Among first class 
reels the following are standard grades: 

Julius Von Hofe, Shakespeare, Kentucky, Gayle, 
Milam, Blue Grass, Hendryx, Pennell, Berger, 
Meisselbach, Talbot, Orvis, Yawman & Elbe, 
Automatic, etc. When through using a good reel, 
it should be detached from the rod, cleaned and 
dried, oiled with good clock oil and put in a Reel 
Case, safely away. (See also Wrinkles and Kinks 
elsewhere.) 

164 





Trolling Line 
line par excellence I 



In the selection of these, 
points to be considered are 
size, weight, etc., of the fish 
you set out to capture, the 
necessary and most suitable 
sizes and strength of the line 
most appropriate to your 
mode of fishing. For the 
recommend for casting, the 
very best silk casting line, braided and waterproof, 
for other purposes choose the braided silk line 
waterproof and enameled. The material used in 
the construction of such lines being twisted strands 
of pure silk, afterward treated with a preparation of 
parafine and a superior quality of linseed oil, which 
not only renders them waterproof, but adds to 
their strength and flexibility, besides they are less 
apt to kink. Such lines can be purchased in al- 
most any necessary size or length. 

In the purchase of lines see that they are of uni- 
form thickness, avoiding the tapered line, if you 
desire hard service, as the ends of these being fin- 
er soon lose their strength and give out at the 
critical moment (when the strongest part is on the 
reel.) In going on a trip the addition of an extra 
line or two is a wise precaution, guarding against 
the unforeseen, and enabling you to perhaps help 
out a less provident, yet worthy brother angler, if 
not yourself. 

As the best of silk lines can now be purchased 
at a few cents per yard according to weights and 
sizes, mounted ready for use either on spools, 
boards, coils, or in hanks, ranging in lengths from 
25 to 1,000 feet, the question of a plentiful supply 
of the best lines is an easy matter, 
165 



Average Size and Strengtli of 
Various Fishing Lines. 




(Braided, Linen and Silk) 




Above illustrations are made as near correct as a cut can 
be made from the almost invisible line. 

6 or H— Tests lo to 12 to 20 lbs 

5 or G— Tests 12 to 15 to 25 lbs 

4. or F— Tests .18 to 20 to 30. lbs 

3 or E— Tests 22 to 25 to 35 lbs 

2 or D— Tests .30 to 35 to 40 lbs 

I or C— Tests 40 to 45 to 50 lbs 

Raw Silk Lines — Are made from raw silk con- 
taining all the natural gum of the silk worm. 

Finished Silk Lines— Have all the natural gum 
boiled out, reducing the size "of the line, yet still 
preserving its Jull original strength. For in- 
stance a size 5 finished silk line is slightly smaller 
than a No. 5 raw silk, yet fully as strong. (This 
treatment adds to its cost.) 

Oiled Silk Lines.— A raw silk line which !has 
been soaked in oil, rendering \\. practically water- 
proof ^wA as strong as the raw or finished silk line. 

Enameled Silk Line. — A line which has been 
treated with a preparation giving it a hard and 
glossy surface, which becomes flexible when used 
in water. 

Tested Strengfth.— The tested strength given 
above is for wet lines (as in use;) when dry a line 
will test from 20 to 2^ per cent more (unless thor- 
oughly waterproof) so bear that in mind. 

Tests of course vary according to whether lines 
are of first quality or not. 

166 



If however a still cheaper, yet, seryicable line is 
desired for trolling, etc., select those of hard braid- 
ed Irish linen or flax, costing one, cent per yard, 
and for the better information of my readers, I ap- 
pend herewith a table of illustrations and sizes, 
correctly given, of both silk and linen lines, with 
data as to their strength. 

All lines should be colored either water green or 
pale grass color, and stand a test of about i to 2 
lbs. to each twisted thread on the braid Thus in 
atwclve thread line,, the breaking tension should 
be about 12 to 20 lbs., steady weighty and the care- 
ful angler should occasionally test his lines before 
starting out on a trip; and by reversing the ends so 
as that part on the spool can be used and dried; 
occasionally wiping them with a rag of sponge 
dipped in linseed oil, the question of how to keep 
lines both soft and waterproof is easily answered. 

When through using them, they should be drawn 
through a soft cotton rag or sponge, unreeled and 
allowed to dry well before putting away, — "Reel 
Dryers" being made for the purpose. 

In addition to those mentioned, there is a braid- 
ed Metal Line. It is composed bf sixteen flexible 
wire strands braided over a core of strands com- 
posed of silk or cotton, thus giving great flexibility 
and strength. The line is rustless, and stands use 
in salt water exceedingly well. It is intended to 
be used without a sinker, and for that reason in 
trolling a, shorter length is required than if a cot- 
ton or linen line is used. It will rtot rot when reel- 
ed wet, runs well on reel, goes through guides 
smoothly and does not kink, The line is intended 
especially for catching large fish, which usually 
seek deep waters, especially trout, lake trout, pike, 
pickerel, muskallonge, etc. The line comes in 10, 
25, 50 and 100 yd. lengths on spools, ready for use. 




The Leader, 
5nell, Etc. 

These are sometimes im- 
properly called "cat gut," 
yet are an imported product 
'of the silk worm, coming to 
this country in bundles from 
Spain, and-put up loo strands 
to the hank, or 10,000 strands to the bundle. The 
lengths of these strands range from 9 to 13 inches; 
only, when several of these strands have been prop- 
erly fastened together in lengths of 3, 6 or 9 feet, 
with a loop at each end for securing line and hook 
theron, they are termed "Leaders." They are al- 
so made of single, double, treble or 6-ply twist, by 
either hand or machine, all with a view of secur- 
ing greater strength when so required. Ordinarily 
however, single leaders are generally used in 
lengths of 3, 6 or 9 feet as desired. Leaders are 
also made of Gimp and wire, especially adapted 
for heavy trolling, etc. To the hooks is also fast- 
ened pieces of the gut; gimp or wire,, usually loop- 
ed and whipped on with fine silk or wire, the lat- 
ter being proof against being cut off by the sharp 
strong teeth of larger fish, "Called Snells." 

In the selection of Leaders, 3 to 6 feet will be 
ample for ordinary uses, usually 6 feet for Trout, 
Bass, etc., or 9 feet for Salmon; the question of 
length however, being confined to the individual 
'likes of the anglers, whose tastes m this respect 
varies, many using lengths of 12 feet; personally 
•however, 1 think those of less length than my rod, 
ample. 

In color they are of a pearly transparent white, 
rendering them when in the waters almost invisi- 
ble, especially so be they dyed the favorite mist 
color. They should have a round smooth surface, 
and in testing them should be drawn between the 
thumb and forefinger and if rough spots are de- 
tected, should be rejected as they are apt to be 
fractured, and will easily break at the fractured 
part when you least expect it. In the purchase of 



1 




them insist upon best quality, as they are classed 
and sold in three grades, good, medium and best. 

When going on a trip leaders should be carried 
in a box made for the purpose; kept between sev- 
eral pieces of dry or moist felt. Never use them 
when dry, lest you fracture them; soak well before 
using, and if it is desired to render them extreme- 
ly soft and pliable for joining, etc., vinegar will 
render them softer still. 

About Floats 

Very little need be said of jhesc, 
the split cork with the line forced 
to its center, answering every pur- 
pose and being the equal of any." 
They are mostly used in bait fish- 
ing, being so attached to the line, 
as to suspend the bait at any de- 
sired depth of water. . By their use the least little 
nibble is instantly detected, while a bite causes it 
tOcboburider the water, thus giving a signal pre- 
paratory fiDr the strike. 

They are also very effective in using hand or 
drift lines, and bait can be often sent down stream 
to promising waters, that could not be reached 
otherwise, and by keeping an eye on a series of 
them, some really good fishing can be enjoyed. 
They are made of cork, light bass and other woods 
and are easily attached, . raised or lowered to any 
desired length of the line. In still fishing and us- 
ing floats, the depth of the waters should be first 
determmed by the aid of a line and sinker as a 
plummet, and the float fastened at the proper dis- 
tance, in order that the bait may be kept off or 
just touching the bottom or mid waters as the case 
requires. ' They range in price from i cent to 25 
cents and in sizes from i to 4 inches; one grade 
being so arranged that the line Can run freely 
through its center whenever it comes in contact 
with the top of the rod, when reeling in the line, 
and termed the "automatic float." 




^^^ 




12 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 o 20 3 40 5-0 

"Sproat" Hooks (one-half size) i to 5-0 



^1 



'Cincinnati" Bass Hooks (one-half size) 



,l?fUwu 



LfLlL 




iljIjljljLiUUvJ \J L) 



"Carlisle" Ringed Fish Hooks (one-half size) 
(Above illustrations show Ringed and Snelled Hooks) 



170 



About the HooKs 

In the selectionpf Hooks I advise those already 
snelled, together with a good assortment of var- 
ious well known popular killing flies tied on, a few 
assorted sizes without flies so as to be used for bait 
fishing, as illustrated elsewhere. There are many 
forms and styles of hooks, among them being the 
Sproat, Limerick, O'Shaughnessy, Sneck, Kirby, 
Aberdeen, Carlisle, Cincinnati, Kendall, Pacific, 
etc., which come in single, double, treble, or gang 
form. 

To my mind however, the Sproat hook leads 
them all, it has a scientific barb and shape, is tem- 
pered on correct principles and can be relied up- 
on to pierce the toughest mouth and stay there; 
and as any of these hooks are now_ furnished with 
every conceivable sort, kind and. size of a fly, in- 
sect, beetle, bug or fish in artificial form, it is only 
necessary to select the most alluring kinds and 
sizes, such as are most appropriate for the fish 
you are after. Hence to aid you in their selection 
1 have compiled a list of the most^ suitable sizes, 
for your information. (See illustrations.) 



About Fly Books, 

Tackle Boxes, Etc. 

To the careful" angler these commend them- 
selves, as they furnish a compact portable case in 
which an outfit of Flies, Hooks, Leaders, etc., and 
other things which form the basis of an angling kit 
can be conveniently and safely carried, clean and 
in order. These come in assorted styles and sizes 
with partitioned metal spaces and removable trays 
so as to carry a simple or elaborate outfit, or any- 
thing else you desire to carry in it. Usually these 
are supplemented by a Pocket Fly and Leader 
Book, and the more complete Tackle Box left at 
some near by camp or lodge, and a suitable day's 

outfit carried thus, in a handy pocket. As there 

are many good styles and grades, the principle f ea- _^- 
ture being size and capacity. 1 illustrate those of — ^ 
standard pattern, leaving the selection entirely to ^ ^ 
the angler. ^^^ 

171 ^ 



Standard TacRle Outfit Boxes for Com-' 
plete Fishing Outfits^ 




No. I. 




No. 2. 




'No. 3. 





Landing Nets, Gaffs, E,tc. W 



For small fish 
(when desired) and 
for the purpose of 
landing large ones. 
Are provided wtdi 
various plain dip or landing nets, made of either 
cotton, nne silk or linen, large or small mesh, the 
whole fastened to handles of various patterns, solid 
folding or telescopic, ranging in size from 2 to 6 
feet. For fly fishing the short handle having a 
looped cord so as to be thrown and carried over 
the shoulder (when not in use) is used, while others 
prefer those of a long handle, so as to meet varied 
requirements. These nets range from i8 to 24 
inches in diameter at the mouth and about 24 inches 
in depth. 

They are unncessary except for the purpose of 
making sure a catch, and many disdain to use them 
entirely. However as in fly fishing the hook is at 
times barely fastened and apt to tear out, and as 
fisl> invariably make their hardest and most fran- 
tic efforts to escape, usually before landing it is 
well to add them to an outfit, for it usually hap- 
pens that the fish lost ''was the biggest one I ever 
saw.'' 

For larger heavier fish, large steel hooks secured 
to a stout handle is employed, called "gaffs," both 
single hook, plain or automatic as illustrated. In 
their use a heavy cord should be secured to the 
handle, lest it be wrenched from the hands and 
both fish and ^aff be sacrificed. 

Very large fish such as Muskallonge or Tarpon 
are either shot, clubbed to insensibility, or towed 
to shore before landing. 




Automatic Sure Grip Gaff. 
173 




The Fish BasKet, Nets, 
Creel, ELtc. 

This is used mostly in Trout 
fishing and wading, where the 
angler mus^ necessarily be on 
ihe move. It is secured and car- 
ried firmly against the body by 
breast and shoulder straps as il- 
Foiding Creel lustrated. It is either of light or 
dark color, ranging in size from y}4\iO inches to 
10x16 inches, holding from 7 to 35 pounds of fish. 
To the straps should be also fastened the "Fisher- 
man's or Angler's" Featherweight Cape, and rolled 
up therein a light Iqnch or a supply of pipe, tobac- 
co, etc., separated by its folds; as in wading there 
is no telling when a misstep will send the angler 
floundering in the waters and drench his clothing. 
In the basket should be strewn a few green ferns, 
so as to keep the fish from bruising each other, and 
looped in a convenient place a "Hook Extractor." 
For the question of dry matches, the angler should 
provide himself with a Waterproof Safety Match 
Box. which insures a warm fire or a smoke at the 
end of a long jcVurney or successful battle, no mat- 
ter if he has fell in and been swimming. I myself 
have floundered more than once and invariably I 
consoled mys( If. and others who were less provi- 
dent, with a dry match afterward; hence no angler 
should fail to carry one along. 

As to the "Featherweight Cape" it covers the 
entire body almost to the feet, while the sleeves 
are provided with flexible rubber bands at the 
hand holes, as illustrated, keeping the arms dry, 
and is so small when packed as to carry conven- 
iently in creel if desired; and as cloudy threatening 
weather is generally the most successful fishing 
lime, a sudden rainstorm sends the angkr home 



174 ^ 



happy and dry— for by the way, usually fishing 
ends with a ram any how. 

Lastkbut not least, don't disgrace yourself or 
creel with small fish, unless ab^lutely necessary, 
gently unhook them and quietly return them again 
to their native waters. Honestly better luck will 
attend you (or some brother angler) if you do this 
sportsmanlike act. 

As to keeping fish, use either a fish bag net, 24 
to 36 inches in size, or the common fish stringer as 
|s illustrated elsewhere (if still fishing.) 




Wading, Etc. 

For wading in the cooler, deeper 
waters of brooks and streams (for old- 
er anglers especially) it -is advisable 
to use Wading Pants, either with or 
without boot feet; an article made of 
rubber or canvas waterproof material, 
covering if desired, ihe lower extrem- 
ities of the body, or reaching in the 
one continuous garment nearly to the 
arms. 

These are made in various styles ranging from 
the good old Baptist minister's baptismal pants, 
(sometimes used by enthusiastic pastoral anglers) 
to those of either stocking or heavy boot feet, by 
the more ardent lovers of the sport. 

They should not be worn however, out of the 
water, as they are thus unusually heating and un- 
comfortable, and if only woolen drawers and socks 
are used inside instead of pants and all, I have al- 
ways found them not only comfortable but cool. 

The young hardy angler however can dispense 
with these, if this advice is followed. Take a pair 
of heavy, solid, old, well fitting congress or side 
elastic shoes, and have them filled (and clinched) 
with malleable iron hob nails, so as to prevent slip- 
ping off slimy rocks; put on a suit of medium wool 
underclothes and socks, and over all draw a pair 
of canvas overalls; lace over youi legs and upper 
part of shoes, a pair of stout army canvas leggings 



with straps passing under the shoe center. Thus 
equipped take to the water, and in a few minutes 
the disagreeable chill will leave, as soon as the 
heat of your body has assimilated the temperature 
of the water next to the skin, and provided you 
keep fairly on the move, there is no fear of a chill. 
I myself prefer this rig to any wading outfit, and 
as such a dress is my ideal hunting- or fishing cos- 
tume (and I am invariably supplied with a dry 
change in camp) 1 have yet to suffer any inconven- 
ience or after effect. Don t however permit your- 
self to sit down for any unreasonable length of 
time, out of the water, as this is harmful; besides I 
have found that the knowledge of clean clothes 
without washing, resulted thus. As soon as my dry 
change was on, and the wet ones dried and folded 
away, a feeling of comfort and satisfaction of kill- 
ing two birds with one stone, pervaded my system 
throughout. 

I have seen man^ follow my advice, some of 
which thought they improved on my plan by cut- 
ting slits (to, as they termed it, let the water out of 
their shoes) but as sand and small pebbles invari- 
ably got in, no matter where the slits were made 
in the shoes, they often regretted the error of not 
wholly following my simple and inexpensive plan. 




^^^^^^M 




Preserving Fish 
and Other Things 

American ingenuity and science 
has come to the aid of the angler 
or sportsman in many ways, lend- 
ing assistance even to the preser- 
vation of the choicest specimens of 
his catch or skill; be it the tiny or 
monsterof the water or earth, keep- 
ing it either as food or forthe taxi- 
dermist, all without ice or labor- 
ious methods, and absolutely with- 
out affecting its quality, taste, or 
smell, by the use of an article termed "-Preserv- 
aline'" which has been found to keep anything 
during the hottest weather, for a week or more, 
thus enabling a shipment liome or ample time to 
bring the choicest specimens of a catch along 
home with yOu, that otiierwisetime and heat would 
spoil. 

It is put up in small packages, each of which is 
ample to preserve 50 to 100 pounds of fish or game 
and being as easy and simple to apply as common 
salt, while its cost is but trifling compared to the 
excellent results that attend its use. 

As to preserved baits, the article on Baits covers 
this I trust satisfactorily, and I append herewith 
for the still better information of my readers, a 
most excellent device used by many anglers, and 

known as the "ideal 
Fisherman's and. 
Angler's Refriger- 
ator Basket," one 
of the toughest, 
smoothest, lighest, 
neatest articles 
ever put up for a 
short though pleas- 
ant trip. It is con- 
structed of fine 
basket material, 
closely woven, with 
zinc and metal lin- 
ings, together 
with a combination 
177 




I 



This is It. 



of compartments, lined and made air tight with 
metai, felt and asbestos filling, so arranged that a 
very small amount of ice will positively refrigerate 
its entire contents for at least 24 hours. A bless- 
ing for that Sunday, or any other day and night 
single trip, ^yhich means for the party and occas- 
ion, cool butter, ice cold milk; (in bottles of course) 
cool salads, etc., and after its all eaten and ehjoved 
it serves to bring home, cool, fn sh and clean, your 
fish, when ihe trip is ended; and if traveling afar, 
by boat or rail, a jolly to the chef" or a good 
cigar to the porter or storekeeper tills it with its 
small supply ofhce again (only a few handfuls be- 
ing needed) for an extra 24 hour jaunt again. 

Think of it — a practicaH^efri^erator for boat, 
buggy or automobile use, which is only a market 
basket in form and appearance, a basket to buy or 
carry stores in, and a refrigerator when coming to 
camp or home. It weighs but a few pounds, costs 
but a few dollars, is rain and dust proof, and just 
the thing for that park picnic, outing, office or 
down the bay trip, just as much as for the fisher- 
. man's camp. It is neat enough to look right any- 
where, and a blamed sight more practical than 
anything of its kind in existence— that was ever 
devised for that "short though "happy trip," with 
cool things on tap. 

Angler's or Sportsmen's 
Portable Out Door 
Dining Outfits 

Before concluding' 
chapter on the con- 
veniences of out door 
life, I also deem it fit- 
ting \o illustrate and 
describe in connection 
with other good things 
what is known as the 
above, and which for 
twenty years past has 
been the favorite with 
that class of anglers 
and sportsmen who 
believe in traveling 
right, "smoothing it" 

178 




For You and Me 



^^ 




so to speak. These are made in endless variety 
of sizes for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 or 12 persons and are com- 
pletely equipped with unbreakable dining equip- 
ment, even to the smallest detail; the whole com- 
pactly arranged in an extremely stout, light and 
portable wicker basket,, and including air tight 
compartments or vessels for foods; cutlery, plates, 
cups, saucers, butter and other dishes, liquid bot' 
ties, and can't-break glassware, absolutely nothing 
■feeing omitted, from can opener to corkscrew, lem- 
on squeezer to carving knife. Such an outfit as 
this IS a treasure to those epicurian dainty ladies 
who in this 20th century, mvariably accompany 
the automobile, fishing, camping, hunting or trav- 
eling trip. This might bring a smile to the pessi- 
mistic old fogey, who believes and always will be- 
lieve in roughing it, but to those who like to enjoy 
life (and there are tens of thousands of them) such 
an article is essential to solid comfort, and I doubt 
not that there is hardly anyone who would not 
gladly change from the tin plate and cup idea, to 
the use of this compact and modern outfit, with 
the basket table and clean linen thereon, did they 
but try it once. Cleanliness, and neatness is con- 
ducive to any ones, even a camp appetite; and as 
they are fitted when desired, with even folding ta- 
ble thereto, even chafing dish and fuel, it is obvious 
that practical as they are, the fortunate possessor 
oi one is to be envied. 




:^^^ 



im 



Tor the Six of Us. 
179 




The Art of Angling 

The school boy wlio comes home 
for his midsummer vacation, usually 
commences his apprenticeship to the 
art by fishing for some of the finny 
tribe in waters adjacent to his home, 
either from the banks of certain 
ponds, lakes or rivers, or about the 
piers and vi^harves of city waters, 
usually for some of the Carp, Perch, 
Catfish or Bullhead species. For this 
purpose he provides himself with a 
long bamboo or cut pole, 8 to 12 feet 
long; 10 to 20 yards stout line, a 
small cork or quill float, (perhaps a 
yard of silk worm gut) and a hook or 
two, of I to 8 size, and can he afford 
it, a small light reel. 

With this elaborate outfit and a can of worms, 
he is the envy of every boy liis age', who "favors" 
to go along to tote the I ole, or usually to carry 
home a good sized string of fish. 

If he is a wise boy he first plumbs the depth of 
the waters, adjusts his fl< at so that the hook bare- 
ly touches the bottom or remains su«:pended in 
mid-waters as the occasion requires. On his hooks 
he threads or fastens a good sir.e red worm, casts 
his lure into the waterand patiently waits for a bite. 
By the float a nibble is instantly detected, while 
a bite causes it to bob under the water; when he 
jerks up the rod, and either yanks the hook out 
(nearly jerking off the fish's head at the sanie time) 
or sends his fish flying into the air behind him, and 
forthwith he ranks as an expert, with all the boys 
who accompany him. _ 

Later on he observes the older hands and imi- 
tating them, uses more judgment, and after a few 
losses, when he hooks a big one plays it somewhat 
until nearly exhausted, when he carefully brings it 
to hand, raising it into a safe place. 

This constitutes his first lessors, but there are 
other things to learn, hence this Marual, intended 
to cover generally all subjects not only for instruc- 
tion, but information of those not too familiar with 
the varied methods of luring or capturing different 
species 

180 






In Still Fishing 

Some anglers use what is known as *' Ground or 
Buoy Bait;' for the purpose of luring fish to the 
vicinity of his tackle. An excellent one being a 
mixture of bran, oat meal, bread, boiled rice and 
small cut worms, maggots, or raw liver, lights, etc. 
A few handfuls of either or all, being cast in still 
waters some few hours or a day before fish- 
ing that spot, thus attracting fish to that vicinity, so 
as their capture can be more easily effected. 

If this is done in a likely spot in the early morn- 
ing—toward evening one is apt to find good fish- 
ing right there, especially so if he uses for bait 
that same food or meat, which previously was used 
as ground bait. Care must be taken however, not 
to feed them too much, and necessary time allowed 
for fish to find it, and be seeking for more about 
the time you get there. When this is done at two 
or three likely spots, dividing your time between 
these places, is otten very successful in results. 

Trolling, Trailing, ELtc. 

This is a very successful method employed for 
tne capture of many species of larger fish; Bass, 
Pike, Pickerel, Lake Trout, Muskallonge, etc., and 
consists of drawing along through mid-waters, cer- 
tain baits or bright glittering spoons or artificial 
lures, disposed on one or more hooks, and by mo- 
tion revolving and glittering, attracting the atten- 
tion of various fish, causing them to bite and be 
hooked; when it is either played or drawn to boat 
and captured. Usually boats are employed, lines 
being trailed from the sides or stern; if however, 
no boat is available, a long weighted line is coiled 
and thrown far out into deep) waters and slowly 
hauled in. Another method is by the "trolley rig" 
which is operated from any convenient bank or 
wharf,either live, dead or spoon bait being used. 

The proper kind of tackle to use for trolling, 
varies according to weight and kind of fish trolled 
for. In a general way tnere are certain kinds of 
lines, rods, reels, etc., that afford the best results, 
if a rod is used it should be made in two pieces, 
the whole measuring from 5 to 8 feet, the butt be- 
ing made with a grasp below and above the reel 



seat, and care should be taken (if using a rod) that 
it is not too stiff, as a fairly flexible rod will exert 
a more steady strain, and when fish leave the wa-. 
ter, it will not straighten out and leave the taut 
line. 

The Reel should be large enough to hold loo 
yards of good braided silk or linen line, a double 
multiplier; and the leader, a treble or six-ply 
twisted gut, gimp or wire cable leader, usually six 
feet long, used with two or more swivels so as to 
avoid twisting. The Baits or Spoons used aresim-' 
ply endless in variety, and are either natural fish 
bait or artificial, ranging from the murderous gang 
to the single trolling hook, that is more sportsman- 
like to use. In trolling from a boat, often two lines 
are used, or a single heavy line with two or more 
swivel-connected leaders, each fastened and ar- 
ranged so as to troll deep, mid or surface waters 
at one and the same time, thus giving fish, by rea- 
son of their varied lengths, a first, second or third 
chance, and if the main line is properly sinkered 
so as to touch the bottom, and the bait lines made 
of different lengihs and distance from each other, 
there is no fear of their coming together. For 
marshy, weedy waters, weedless hooks and spoons 
should be used. Row slowly and keep your lines 
well in hand, feeling the bottom with your main 
line sinker, raising or lowering the main line ac- 
cording to the conditions and depth of water, and 
the fish you are after. In lake trolling' go deep, 
50 to 75 feet, in other waters accordingly. 



1 



I 







K^ 



s^ 




Lake 
g Fishing 

Lake fishing 
differs in its 
practice mater- 
ially froni that 
of stream fish- 
ing, and though 
some flies which 
are used on 
streams will al- 
so kill on lakes, 
yet, for the most 
part, there is a 
fancy repertoire 
in this respect 
which differs 
wholly from 
that employed 
in streams. Lake-trout flies, particularly those 
made in Scotland, are made with wool bodies, the 
prevailing colors being red, claret, orange, yellow, 
green, and black, with a light spiral up the body 
of gold or silver tinsel. 1 he hackles are chiefly 
either black or fed, or red with a black center; the 
wings are either of teal, mallard, or woodcock. 
Here and there the white tip feather in the drake's 
wing is a favorite wing for flies. They are usual- 
ly dressed on 7, 8, or 9 hooks; the same flies a size 
or two larger do equally well for sea-trout flies. 

Lake-trout fishing is conducted either from a 
boat or from the shore. The best depth of water 
in wliich to fish for trouf 'varies from 6 or 8 to 
12 or 14 feet, and in trolling in hot months do so 
near the bottom in about 50 feet of water, and be- 
tween these depths the best sport is obtained; and 
the angler should therefore fish over them for 
choice, though occasionally fish may be caught in 
botji deeper and shallower water. In lake fishing 
it is always desirable to have a good ruffling 
breeze, as the fish do not rise or take well in a 
calm. The best places are in sheltered bays, by 
rocky points or islands or where foods flow in; 
drifting along by these, and casting ahead and 
shorewards, the angler watches ever^ break in the 
water. While drifting along in his boat, it may 



happen that, 'the wind being high, he drifts too 
fast to fish thoroughly and properly over the 
ground. To obviate this a stone or an anchor is 
cast over and allowed to drag along the bottorn, so 
as to check the way of the boat, and to give time 
to the angler to fish. A good boatsman and nets- 
man is here a great desideratum, and much of the 
chance of sport depends upon him. The great 
fault of most boatsmen is that they go too quickly 
over the casts; and it requires a man with a knowl- 
edge of the lake, as well as experience in manag-' 
ing the boat, so to conduct matters that the angler 
has the best chance of sport. When rowing to his 
ground, or from point to point, the angler shoul al- 
ways put out the spinning minnow and troll deep- 
ly, and thus he may take one or two of the best 
fish. As fish do not always lie in the same places, 
wind and weather have to be sedulously consulted. 
In fishing from the shore the angler seldom gets 
the best sport, and often has to wade to reach fish- 
able water, while best casts .are often beyond his 
reach; and therefore, whenever a boat can be em- 
ployed, it is to be preferred for lakes. 




Art of 

Bait Casting 




This of all meth- 
ods requires prac- 
tice, and such prac- 
tice always had best 
be confined to nat- 
ural waters, thus 
adapting your ef- 

The Secret of It All. ^^^"-^^ ^° \f '°"^ ^°"- 

ditions that actual- 
ly exist. It is not difficult to master, patience and 
perseverance being only essential. 

For this a fairly stiff rod is required, 5 to 7 feet 
only, (some anglers prefer only 5 feet) and for this 
purpose a good Lancewood rod is all to be desired, 
although the split Bamboo is better. The Reel 
should be a level windmg, quadruple multiplier; 
for here it has work to perform, thousands of revo- 
lutions being necessary in casting and retrieving 
the bait; it should be provided with 40 to 50 yards 
of good all silk casting line, with a breaking tensr 
'on of 10 to 20 lbs. Assemble together your rod, 
reel and line, arrange your bait and wind up the 
line, until your bait, an artificial or nat- 
ural frog, bucktail or casting spoon is at 
or near the tip of your rod; set your line 
to free running and take position forthe 
cast. Place the thumb. of your rod hand 
on the center of the spool, so as to use it 
as a brake and thus control the reel, and 
i^ cast the bait by an upward then forward 
m * movement of the rod (just as though you 
I — were throwing an apple from a pointed 

1= stick;) allow the line and. bait to go for- 
^= ward as far as you can; diminishing the 
^^^ pressure of the thumb on the reel while 
^=- doing so, yet never releasing control of 





it under the thumb, whose action is essential in 
regulating the speed of the reel. 

As the greatest difficulty is in managing the reel 
great care should be exercised to always keep it 
well under thumb control, lest it overrun, thus sub- 
jecting you to the annoyance ofwhat is termed 
"backiashing. The instant the bait- touches the 
water, stop the reel, and raising the tip of the rod 
by a backward and upward movement, draw the 
line back for the recast. When casting aim not to 
allow the bait to fal? on the water with a splash, 
but as lightly as possible, and when it touches the 
water, start the bait back towards you again, wind- 
ing the line in position to repeat the cast. 

To do this, place the butt of 
the rod against the body, grasp- 
ing it in front of the reel with 
the left hand, using the right to 
wind the reel and line into po- 
sition again. Repeat these op- 
erations for a few times until 
the knack of thumbing the reel 
and line in making casts is ac- 
complished, and when you can 
thus place your bait within a foot or so of the spot 
aimed at, you are ready to try and catch fish. For 
all practical purposes, 40 to 50 feet is sufficient in 
casting; greater distance will come with time, and 
while long casts are showy and at times necessary 
yet the distance mentioned will serve its purpose 
and well. 

If necessary and water is unavailable, the. novice 
can take his hrst lessons by simply placing a sheet 
of paper on the ground, adjust his tackle and aim 
away at it, thus in a measure mastering the first 
rudimentary efforts as to controlling the reel and 
Ime, in making the cast, if no more.. If your reel 
is not provided with a level winding device (note 
the automatic spooler) illustrated elsewhere. 

When you have acquired proficiency in the for- 
ward cast, change your position in order that you 
may better familiarize yourself with the right and 
left; remembering that the great secret of casting 
is to always have complete control of the reel. 
Practice the back right and left casts, and in a 
short time you will be able to cast all around your- 
self, covering a space or circle of 150 feet or more. 

^ 187 



^ 




However, it is not distance that counts in catching 
tish, but in so manipulating your casts as to per- 
mit The bait to alight naturally and be lifelike, not 
as though it dropped from the. heavens, with a 
splash that would be heard by and scare every fish 
fifty yards away. . -v- i 

As for bait in casting, use either live or artificial 
frogs, minnows, or any of the better class of cast- 
ing ba ts, Shakespeare Weedless Expert, Buck- 
tail, or any of those I illustrate elsewhere. 



Splashing or Sputting, 
Whipping, E-tc. 

Often called "skit- 
tering," a very success- 
ful method, usually 
practiced in very shal- 
low waters, in and 
about grassy, weedy 
places, among banks, 
lily pads, etc.; at this 
one should provide 
themselves with an ex- 
tra line, files, weedless 
hooks, etc. and small 
or appropriate baits 
for the work, a buck- 
tail weedless making 
an excellent bait for 
this work. 

Begin by casting in- 
to the pockets of 
v/eeds, rushes, etc., 
twitching the bait to- 
wards you and allow- 
ing it to rest an instant in every likely spot you 
find, dropping it into every pocket, and to every 
side of you, always in a different spot, as close to 
weedy places, grass and shore that you can, keep- 
ing your bait on the move. If in a boat, as soon 
as you receive a strike, have your partner pull for 
both open and clear water; avoidingslack line and 
aiming to keep your fish from running among the 
weeds and rushes, and thus entangling your line. 
Pike, Bass, Pickerel, etc. are ever alert toward the 




^ 



188 



more, shallow waters hence it is well to always 
cast from the boat toward shore, being careful 
not to splash the oars or make any unuusal noise 
on the bottom of the boat. 

A Word in Behalf of the 
Small Fish 

Always return to the water while alive, any game 
fishes that are too small for your creel, or your ta- 
ble, and never carry away from the water more 
fish than you need. Fish as long as you like, catch 
and land all you want, but return to their native 
haunts, alive, all you do not need, especially the 
little ones. Put these back, even if you do not fill 
your basket. Let them grow to a decent size, and 
take them at some future time, or let some brother 
angler do so. 

The true sportsman fishes for sport and not for 
meat. If you hook a big fellow, who makes a roy- 
al fight, and if you do not need him for the table, 
release him gently frtm the hook and return him 
to the water for nis bravery. The chances are you 
will not have hurt him seriously. It is not neces- 
sary to lacerate a fish in taking the hook out of his 
mouth, unless he has gorged it. 

We frequently hear of men who catch great 
strings of fish, who take them to camp, weigh them, 
count them, perhaps have them photographed, 



"A Quiet Spot on the Outskirts, 
189 




mores the shame, and then throw the fish away to 
roL Such men are not sportsmen. They are low 
down pot fishermen, and should not be allowed to 
camp or associate with gentlemen. 

It is only by the practice of self denial and a 
proper regard for the rights of others, that even 
the best stocked waters in the country can remain so. 

Quit when you get enough. That should be the 
motto of 6very true sportsman in the world. 

The League of American Sportsm.en has done a 
great work in educating the public along these 
lines, and in protecting the game and game fishes. 
The laws of nearly every State in the Union reflect 
to-day, the wisdom and the hard work of that organ- 
ization. There are selfish men everywhere who de- 
nounce this organization and the founder of it, and 
who attempt' to belittle the work of the J^eague, 
but the motives of such men can generally be 
traced to the fact that they have felt its power. 

To the intelligent sportsmen, however, this 
League appeals as a most worthy institution, and 
all such men know that without its splendid work 
the forest and the waters would soon become a's. 
barren of life as the Desert of Sahara. 

No honest man can do otherwise than admire that 
well known writer, G. O. Shields, editor of the best 
Sportsmen's Magazine in America, "Recreation,*' 
for his untiring efforts onbehalf of thegameand the 
game fishes. He organized the League of American 
Sportsmen five years ago, has built it to a member- 
ship of over 9,000, and it is the duty of every sports- 
man in the United States to join this League, and 
to aid him in his great work. 




The Sportsman's Grip. 



190 




Surface 
or Fly 
Fishing 

This method 
is conducted 
with both the 
natural and arti- 
ficial fly, the first 
being termed 
*'dippingordaj> 
ping." consists 
of using a Jong 
light rod 7 to 9 
feet in length; 
_ - _., , about 6 feet or 

'"■"'' more of strong 

fine gut of mist color, (some anglers use even 12 
feet) to the end of which is fastened a No. 6 to 8 
Sproat Hook and a live fly, beetle, grasshopper or 
insect of some Icind fastened by transfixing the 
thorax of the insect on the hook. The angler hav- 
ing watched fish rising at some spot, (where he is 
hidden from view) creeps, softly to some nearby 
point, and keeping himself out ot sight, pokes the 
po nt of his rod through some open spot in the 
bushes and allows his insect or fly to drop gently 
near or a little above wheie the fish have been 
seen to rise; probably he will not be able to see 
well, then he must trust to hearing and touch, and 
he will hear a slight "plop" like a bubble from a 
submerged bottle, or feel the fish. 

A gentle sti-ike then is required, atid a tight hand 
oa the fish, as such places are usually near old 
roots or boughs, in which the fish will try to shel- 
ter himself and entangle the tackle. The best fish 
are frequently taken in this way. Another method 
of using the natural or living fly or insect is by 
casting it. In this case a single-hand fly-rod is 
used, and it requires great care to avoid whipping 
the insect off the hook. Having cast the bait' to 
tlie extent required, the lineand bait rest on the 
surface, and the bait floats down quite naturally 
unchecked, and the fish rises at it iu the ordinary 
manner. What is called the blow-line is another 
favorite method of using the fly. A length of light 



floss silk is fastened on to the running line with 
about two feet. of fine gut and a light hook at the 
end. Baiting the hook with a i\y, the angler turns 
his back to the wind, holds the rod (a long light 
cane one) upright, allows the wind to blow the 
light floss line as far out as it will go, when he 
gradually lowers the rod and guides the fly till it 
touches the water a yard above a fish, when he 
floats over it. A little wind is required for this 
kind of fishing. Some insects, beetles, creepers, 
or lavae of the stone-fly, etc. are used in mid-water 
as already noted. A word or two as to tlie 
method: a couple of shots being fixed on the line, 
the bait is cast with an underhand swing, as in 
minnow fishing, down stream, and allowed to trav- 
el away from where the angler stands. At every 
stop or check of the line it is necessary to strike, 
for the bait being tender, whether it be a twig, 
mud or fish that arrests it, it will be spoiled: there- 
fore the angler must always strike on every sus- 
picion oi a bite. 




"Taking the Fly" 

Some anglers fish up stream, but this is hard 
work (yet at times has its advantages.) The best 
way however is to fish down stream, and still 
another good method is to fish diagonally up and 
across the sireanx The angler pursues one of two 
systems. He either waits till he sees |he fish rise 
and fishes over them, wasting no time on inter- 
mediate water when he sees no rises; or he fishes 
the water out thoroughly, searching every hollow, 



^^^^ ^^1^ 



bank, weed and stone, that may hide a Trout. In 
fishing for small Trout, the latter method is gener- 
ally the one adopted. In larger rivers, where the 
fish are heavy and few, ihe former is more often 
preferred. When a good fish is hooked it will of- 
ten resist strongly, and rush violently about, seek- 
ing to hide ilsel f under weeds and roots, which are 
dangerous to the tackle. The angler must guide 
the fish as well as he can until it is tired, letting 
out line from the reel when resistance becomes too 
severe a strain on the tackle, and winding it in 
again when opportunity serves, but always keep- 
ing a tight lin- on the fish, as aslack line frequent- 
ly loses it. When tired the fish should be towed 
gently to a favorable bank, and the landing-net 
quietly slipped under him. There must be no 
dashing or hasty movement with the net, lest the 
fish be frightened and make another effort to es- 
cape, as fish frequently do, and successfully, as it 
is a dangerous moment in the struggle. In fishing 
with double-banded rod ihe rod is longer and the 
line a little heavier; in other respects there is no 
difference. The rod will vary from lo to 15 feet if 
Salmon fishing. The left hand grasps it below the 
reel and the right hand above; though, if the an- 
gler desires a change, or necessities of stream or 
wind require it, the hands can be reversed. The 
double-handed rod has several advantages over the 
single, having more power with big fish, and keep- 
ing the line and flies higher above obstructions. 



I 



i >* 




'Rnshin?: It/' 

193 



Artificial Fly Fishing 
or Casting 




The Rod used 
should be a good 
one, preferably a 
Split Bamboo. 7 to 
10 feet in length 
and weighing 3 to 
7 ounces (although 
many experienced 
anglers prefer still 
a shorter and light- 
er rod) yet in this 
as in all fishing, 
conditions must 
guide. In open 
waters when there 
is plenty of room, 
a larger rod can be 
used, but when 
"Trout Flailing- dif^cult casts must 

be made owing to dense growths of nearby vege- 
tation, a short rod is essential. 

A light, single action, click reel, and 50 to 75 
yards of silk casting line, hard braided, but not 
enameled. A 6 to 9 foot good leader and an as- 
sortment of the very best Flies you can buy, those 
appropriate for the fish you are after, tied on No. 
8 or 12 Sproat Hooks for brook fishing, and No. 6, 
7 or 8 hooks for rivers or kkes. To a 6 foot leader, 
attach two of your best flies, Tail and Drppper, 
unreel alDout 20 feet of line, toss your flies gently 
into the stream and let them float down with the 
current.- When yourflies are down stream, lift 
your rod quickly until the tip is up and back of 
your body, carrying your line and flies with it, and 
as soon as your flies swing straight behind you, 
send forward your rod lively, and allow your flies 
to. light on the waters "just as a natural fly would,'' 
raising the tip of your rod so as to keep them mov- 
ing on the surface, Hke the thing of life it is sup- 
posed to be; always trying to avoid letting your 
lines touch the water, in either the backwara or 
forward cast. 

The moment you see a rise and feel your fish, 
strike gently, but not too quick, as fish often rise 



Double Pleasures. 




to inspect a fly, and if your line is fairly taut (as it 
always should be) the chances are that the fish will 
liook itself. If not, a simple twist or upward move- 
ment of the hand and rod only will suffice. It is 
unnecessary to move the entire arm and body, as 1 
have seen many do. If you have hooked a fish 
play it well, and allow your rod to do most of the 
work; (if a good one) it will respond nobly, yourself 
simply guiding your fish into smoother, deeper wa- 
ters, giving line only as the fish fights for it, and 
taking it when you can. Don't be in a hurry to 
land your fish, wait until such time as the ex- 
hausted fish can be led to net, and look out then 
for his final flurry when getting him, for he is apt 
to make a most desperate effort to escape, at the 
last moment; and for the better information of my 
readers 1 append here^with a few suggestions (not 
rules) to be used in fly casting, emphasizing how- 
ever that these suggestions must always be sub- 
ject to existing change of conditions, always con- 
ditions, first, last, all the time, conditions. 

The question of why fish t^ke bunches of feath- 
ers tied on hooks, and what they mistake them for, 
has often been asked; and it is now pretty gener- 
ally allowed that they take them for flies in the 
majority of instances, though in others they mis- 
take them for water beetles, lavae, or spiders, of 
which latter insect there arc several that inhabit 
the water. Now, there are two classes of disput- 
ants on this matter: one which holds altogether to 
the fly theory, and therefore strives to imitate each 
fly that comes out closely; the other, which inclines 
more to the general insect theory, and merely gives 
a few flies of different colors, not caring to imitate 
anything in particular. Probably tlie best fisher- 
men recognize both theories, but bind themselves 
exclusively to neither. 

Fish like brightest colors, and every fisherman 
knows that gaudy flies will attract fish when the 
more modest ones will not lure them from the 
depths. 

Nowfor myself I thoroughly believe that fish 
see and also that they like bright colors. I have 
seen fish refuse all kinds of live bait and do noth- 
ing but watch it and swim iiround it, yet when a 
bright piece of tin happened to be thrown into the 
water, they immediately made a rush for it. Of 

196 



I 



course, some will say that the tin had motion, but 
so did the bait, and the onl)^ reason that the fish 
dashed for the tin was that it had a bright color 
and attracted their attention. 



^ Suggestions in Fly Casting 

Aim to let your flies touch the water lightly, just 
as a natural fly would alight. 

Try to keep them there for an instant or two, 
give tfiem a trifle of movement, as though it were 
struggling on the water. 

Keep a fairly taut line so as the fish can hook 
himself, or so as to be ready to strike when needed. 

Don't strike too quick, often fish rise and do not 
take the Ayr give him another chance, but still 
keep your fly moving just a little. 

When you strike don't jerk his head off, a sim- 
le turn of the wrist will suffice to send the hook 
ome (if its a good one.) 

Play your fish well, letting the rod do most of the 
work, let the fish get excited but keep cool yourself. 

Don't be discouraged by repeated failures (we 
all experience them,) fish often rise yet refuse to 
bite; cast repeatedly mmost likely spots, not omit- 
ting what you think are unlikely ones; change your 
flies often if needs be; think of conditions. Don't 
be impatient, you might angle for hours and all at 
oncestrike the right fly or place and fill "your creel. 

Again, if you fish for sport alone and have caught 
a worthy but small antagonist, and need not his 
flesh for your table or food, consign him back to 
his haunts again, for if the hook has not penetrated 
his gills or throat you have neither hurt or pained 
liim seriously. 

Only by such sportsmanlike methods as these that 
can solve the question of leaving w ell stocked rivers, 
streams and lakes fulliof fish, instead of fishing 
them out of all life therein, and wasting one-half a 
catch. Millions of fish are caught only to be thrown 
back later into the waters (or on the shores) dead 
and useless, when by the exercise of a little judg- 
ment and true sportsmanship they could have been 
turned free again, to live on, grow or propagate* 
their species time and time again. 

197' 





Trout 
Fishing 

Of all fish sought 
for more dilligently 
than others, i s 
Trout, which in- 
habit a greater 
range of waters 
than any other fish 
known; more has 
been written about 
them than any oth- 
er fish; while the family has been divided and add- 
ed by professors, into scores of various species, 
and classified with the most ridiculous jaw break- 
ing names; yet after all the Trout is not a Trout, 
but just plain Charr Fish. 

it has a. long body with markings of brown on a 
deep greenish back, with, blue, yellow and- red 
spots distributed thereon;^ a Isrge and leathery 
mouth; and though small, is a most wary and diffi- 
cult fish to capture; yet the choicest morsel that 
ever graced a broiler.. It is tiecoming scarce in 
lakes, rivers or streams in close proximity to large 



*A Trout Stream" 




Brook Trout. 

cities, owing to the vast number of anglers who go 
in search ol them. But in the waters of Maine,, 
Col5rado and Canada, they are still in plenty. De- 
spite their fear of man they are the gamiest of 
fighters, and their hunger for foo I (or anything re- 
sembling it) is not exceeded by any^fish that swims, 
and if hungry they will not hesitate to devour even 
their own offspring. Peculiarly enough they in- 
habit only the purest and coolest of v;aters; rang- 
ing in size from one-half to ten poun<^s, it is a fact 
however, that rarely does an ang!er "catch them 
above the average of two or three pounds. 

198 



In fishing for Trout use a 6 to 9 foot, 4 to 6 ounce 
rod is the popular favorite (a fine spHt Bamboo) a 
hght common click reel, G or F silk line whh a 6 
foot gut leader (some anglers use more), No. 4 to 6 
Sproat hooks, with a split sliot for sinker, so as to 
sink the bait when needed. . 

For bait use either "Trout Flies," the very best 
rrioney will buy, angle worms, maggots, or small 
live minnows. (See chapter on Baits, Wrinkles and. 
Kinks, etc.) and list of Trout or Bass Flies. If 
bait fishing, the action of the waters soon tears the 
bait to pieces; besides »he use of flies have become 
far more popular for Trout fishing. Always fish 
down stream, as Trout lie head up stream; whi!^ 
the, water takes the bait or fTy naturally away from 
you, and when hooked. Trout invariably run down 
stream, knowing full well it cannot battle against 
you and the currents at the same time, until you 
force it to at least. 

If wading keep well, to the middle of tTie stre-am, 
go slowly and extremely quiet, lest you frighten 
them, remember they can both hear and see well, 
and a monstrous animal such as yourself is not go- 





The Spotted Sea Trout. 

ing to attract fish to your vicinity. Keeping your 
bait or fly moving so as to represent a thing oflife, 
casting your lure into every likely nook and crook 
of the stream, be)iind, in and around every appro- 
priate spot, weeds, stumps, overhanging bank or 
projection, letting such things get between your- 
self and line so as to avoid being seen; go slowly 
and quietly, (resting occasionally, sitting down if 
you can,) then try again most likely places; ahd if 
fish abound you are apt to get a good sized string. 
'If fly fishing, two or moi-e flies can be attached 
to your leaders, and often two or itiore Trout can 
be, hooked, as they are as quick afs a, wink, and 
will surprise you how quickly they can take the 
fly. In such cases 1 advise fhat you allow them to 
play against each other, directing your line to 

199 



shore, and by a quick movement, not a jerk, 
them upon the' bank to secure them. 

Often Trout can be seen yet will not rise to the 
fly, no matter how hard you tempt them with an 
assorted menu, then it is well to smk your fly a tri- 
fle under water, or to make a radical change 
from those you have been using. It is inexplain- 
able why at times Trout refuse to take the fly, and 
often have I experienced just such luck, although 
they rose freely about it, when a little further away 
they took it with eagerness. In such cases I usu- 
ally took note of the spot, and later on met with 
success, even though it were a day or so after. 

"Truly the ways offish no man knoweihy -^ 

If your casts average 30 to 40 feet >ou are doing 
well; long casts look nice at "sportsmen's exposi- 
tions," and may win records, but they don't catch 
fish, where the surroundings of natural waters and 
streams are different. Such sliows are imposing, 
but its like hunting in a shooting gallery far dif- 
ferent from the real thing; and the angler who can 
cast skillfully 3010 40 feet, will perhaps land more 
fish than he who can swish away 30 to 40 feet fur- 
ther. 

Experience will soon prompt the uninitiated and 
as this article pertains mostly to Trout fly fishing, 
I append herewith illustrations of various flies used 
together with a very complete list of flies, and ap- 
proximate size and weight of Trout, which may be 
considered -as a safe estimate at all seasons. 



Approximate Weig-ht of Trout from 
Actual Measurements. 

8 inch Trout weighs 4 ounces. 

9 inch Trout weighs 5 ounces. 

10 inch Trout weighs «7 Ounces. 

11 inch Trout weighs 9 ounces. 

12 inch Trout weighs i lb. 

15 inch Trout weighs lYz lbs. 

18 inch Trout weighs 2%. lbs. 

24 inch Trout weighs 6 lbs. 



List of Artificial Wing Flies Suitable 
for Trout and Bass. 



I 



Alder 

Adirondack 

Academy 

Abbey 

Alder 

Alezandra 

August Dun 

Beauty 

Bee 

Black Prince 

Beaverkill 

Black Gnat x 

Black Drake 

Black Moose 

Black Ant 

Black Hackle (2) 

Brown Ant 

Brown Hen 

Brown Hackle x 

Blue Jay x 

Brown Alder 

Brown Coflia 

Bright Fox 

Blue Dun 

Blue Blow 

Blue Miller 

Blue Bottle 

Blue Professor 

Captain 

Cinnamon 

Cocktail 

Claret 

Cahill 

Canada 

Coachman (3) 

Royal Coachman 

Cooper 

Cow Dung (2) 

Caldwell 

Coch-Y-Bou Dhu 

Critchely 

Caddis 

Dark Fox 

Dusty Miller 

Deer Fly 

Downlooker 

Evening Dun 

Eptin 

Frank 

Fern 

Ferguson 

Furnace 

Fox Light 

Fox Red 

X— Means Special 



Fox Gray 

Fox Dark 

Grannon 

Green Drake 

Gray Diake 

Gray Dun 

Great Dun 

Grey Alder 

Grizzly King x 

Golden Rod 

Golden Spinner 

General Hooker 

Governor 

Grouse 

Governor Alvord 

Guinea Hen 

Ginger Hackle 

Gravel Beil 

Golden Doctor 

Gold Stock 

Henry x 

Hares Ear 

Humble Bee 

Hawthorn 

House 

Ibis 

Iron Bl"e Dun 

Jungle Cock 

Jennie Liad 

Jennie Spinner 

June Spinner ' 

King Fisber 

King of Waters 

Little Egg 

Lowery 

Lottie 

Last Chance 

Lord Baltimore 

Lake George 

March Brown 

Magpie 

Martin 

Montreal Dark x 
Light 

March Brown (2) 

Orange Coachman 
*' Black 
" Miller 

Olive Gnat 

Oak 

Oriole 

Parmachenee Belle 

X 

Polka 
Good Flies. 



Poorman 

Plum 

Professor (3) x 

Post 

Quaker 

Queen of Water x 

Dr. Quack 

Red Ant 

Raven 

Royal Coachman 3 

Rube Wood 

Red Spinner 

Red Fox 

Red Hackle 

Red Ibis 

Scarlet Ibis x 

St Patrick 

Seth Green 

Silver Doctor x 

Silver Black 

" Fairy 

** Brown 

" Jungle 

" Stork 
Shoemaker 
Soldier 
Spider 

Stone Brown 
Shad 
Turkey 
Tootle Bug 
Thistle 
Tuxedo 
Van Patten 
Von Holt 
White Miller X 
Willow 
Widgeon 
White Hackle x 

Moth X 
Willow Drake 
Wrentail 
Woodduck 
Wichham Fancy 
Yellow Dollie 

" May 

" Sallie 

" Hackle 
Zulu 
Zulu Chief 



In Choosing Flies -Buy the very best 
"Reversed Wing** quality. 



HacKles and Palmers 

The difference between a Palmer and Hackle 
Fly is that on the Palmer the Hackle is tied from 
the head of a hook and extends the full length of 
the body, while on the Hackle Fly the Hackle is 
tied only aiound the head of the hook. 



Black Hackle, Green body. 
Black Hackle, Peacock body. 
Black Hackle, Black body. 
Black Hackle, Red body. 
Black Hackle, Yellow body. 
Brown Hackle, Green body. 
Brown Hackle, Ostrich body. 
Brown Hackle, Peacock body, 
Brown Hackle, Brown body. 
Brown Hackle, Red body^ 
Brown Hackle, Yellow body. 
Green Hackle, Green body. 
Gray Hackl*^, Ostrich body. 
Gray Hackle, Peacock body. 
Gray Hackle, Red body. 
Gray Hackle, Yellow body. 
Gray Hackle, Green body. 
Grouse Hackle, Peacock "body 
Partridge Hackle Orange '" 
Red Hackle, Red body. 
Yellow Hackle, Yellow body. 



Black Palmer, Green body. 
Black Palmer, Black body. 
Black Palmer, Red body. 
Black Palmer, Peacock body. 
Black Palmer, Yellow body. 
Brown Palmer, Brown body. 
Brown Palmer, Ostrich body. 
Brown Palmer, Red body. 
Brown Palmer, Peacock body 
Prown Palmer, Yellow body. 
Green Palmer, Green body. 
Gray Palmer, Green body. 
Gray Palmer, Peacock body. 
Gray Palmer, Ostrich body. 
Gray Palmer, Red body. 
Gray Palmer, Yellow body. 
Ginger Palmer, Yellow body. 
CJrizzly Palmer, Orange body 
Red Palmer, Peacock body. 
Red Palmer, Yellow body. 
Red Palmer, Red body. 
White Palmer, White body. 
White Palmer, Red body. 
Yellow Palmer, Yellow body. 



Never economize in th'e purchase of Flies, 
catch the Pish." Buy the very best. 



i 




'Wa'al I'U be Durn/ 

"You kan't ketch nothin' with them thar things^ 
With yarn far bodies, an' feathers fer wings, 
You must think Trout is terrible fools 
To be ketched with such outlandish tools. 

•'An' look at that pole— why, that won't do; 
A good, big Trout would bust' it in two. 
An' never think nothin' ov wbat he did. 
As quick as lightnin' away he slid.'* 

"Well, I'll be durn, you can shoot me dead. 
Ef heie ain't a windlass filled with thread. 
An' ther littlest sort ov thre&d at that — 
Why, man, that wouldn't hold a gnat 1" 

"You'll find a good place over here, 
Under ther rapids deep and clear, 
You'd better take worms an' er hick'ry pole, 
Or you won't ketch notbin', 'pon my soull" 

Sixteen beauties, speckled bright. 
The basket bore ere the fall of night. 
He counted them o'er on the bank of fern. 
And all he said was, "Wa'al— I'll be durn.' 




The Lake Trout 

This Trout is of gray color, with deep brown 
spots, and owing to the delicate pink color of its 
flesh, is often called Salmon Trout. Unlike the 
Brook Trout, it attains a size and weight from 2 to 
20 lbs. The usual method of capture being by 
trolling, yet it will often take the fly. They take 
freely a large bait, up to a 4 or 5 inch fish, chub or 
trolling spoon olten secured to a double or treble 
hook, usually attached to a heavy leader having a 




The Lake Trout, 
single hook several inches above the gang; this 
hook passed through both lips of the bait, the oth- 
ers at other portions of the body, and one gang al- 
lowed to trail behind; the whole being connected 
with a strong swivel between the line and leader, 
in order that no twist of the spinning bait will be 
communicated to the leader or line. A short fair- 
ly stiff rod is often used, preferably a Lancewood 
or split bamboo, 7 or 8 feet in length and weighing 
about 8 or 9 ounces. A multiplying reel and 75 to 
100 yards of braided silk or linen line, size G or F 
and if preferred, any of the many trolling baits or 
spoons. In trolling the boat should be moved 
slowly; and if you are after murdering the fish, 
use the gang hook, but if you desire to be sports- 
manlike, use only the natural bait and single troll- 
ing hook on which is impaled a chub, minnow, 
small fish or other natural lure. 

All devices with gangs of hooks should be dis- 
carded as barbarous and unsportsmanlike. Possi- 
bly you may kill more fish with the "grappling 
irons," but if fish is all you are in pursuit of, why 
not purchase them at the nearest market and 
thereby save the expenses incident to a trip to ang- 
ling waters? There is not much enjoyment in the 
easy achievement of anything; therefore when fish- 
ing use tackle that will call for good judgment and 



^^^ 



206 



careful manipulation, so that when your fish is fi- 
nally landed, after a hard struggle, you can men- 
tally converse with yourself in thise wise: "Old 
fellow you put vp a plucky fight and resorted to 
all kinds of tricks for liberty, but you have been 
fairly beaten and outwitted in a contest wherein 
the sh'ghtest error on the part of your antagonist 
would have given you the liberty." 

If this noble fish had been hooked with a double 
or treble hook, thereby reducing his chances of 
escape to. a minimum regardless of how awkward 
ly handled, wherein would be the skill ? You might 
as well shoot a woodcock or a dog on the ground 
and call it sport. Any country boy could do the 
same. Having provided yourself with the neces- 
sary and suitable tackle the next point for consid- 
ation is how to use it, and where are fhe fish most 
likely to be found. It is indispensable to success- 
ful trolling that the boat move very slowly, just 
fast enough to make the bait spin. A strike at an 
artificial bait should be returned immediately so 
as not to give the fish time to discover and eject 
the lure before hooking him. After he is hooked 
a taut line is absolutely indispensable to success. 
Let your fish run when he wants to and reel in 
when you find him coming towards you; do not 
give him slack line for an instant. , When he is 
sufficiently tired out to give up the fight, reel in 
and use your landing net to lift him into the boat. 
Be sure he goes into the net head on. In the ear- 
ly part of the season when the water is cold look 
for the fish in shallow water, or near the surface of 
deep water. When the season advances and the 
water grows warm, they will be found in deep wat- 
er, and to get down to them it is necessary to use 
a sinker sufficiently heavy to carry the bait to with- 
in three or four feet of the bottom. 

Notwithstanding the writer decidedly prefers fly 
fishing" to any other mode of angling, he is not 
averse to trolling, with a single hook, when his ef- 
forts to induce the fish to rise to his fly have prov- 
en unsuccessful. I know there are anglers who 
deem it sacrilege to take trout or salmon other- 
wise than with fly, and claim they can do this any 
month of the open season. 

If what I am about to say, should perchance 
come to the notice of one such honored member 



of the brotherhood of anglers, let him know that it 
is not for him, nor is it for the angler expert in 
trolling, but to the uninitiated I would offer a few 
humble suggestions, with the sincere hope that 
they may serve, in some small measure at least, to 
'add to the enjoyment of his angling hours. With 
a- proper outfit, trolling is by no means to be de- 
spisea, as it requires, after the fish is hooked, all. 
the good judgment and careful manipulation nee-' 
essary in fly fishing. Do not be led astray by the 
erroneous idea that any kind of a '*pole** is good 
enough for trolling. Your outfit for this way of 
angling should be selected witK just as much care 
and attention to detail as that used by the fly fish- 
erman. Bargain Counters and cheap John stores 
are not the places tp' purchase fishing tackle, and 
no angler, who fishes con amove, should allow the 
temptation of economy to influence him in his se- 
lection of an outfit. Do not misunderstand me, I 
am not advocating an extravagant expenditure, 
nor the purchase of fishing tackle at fancy or ex- 
iiorbitant prices, but as the artisan's tools should 
be made out of good stutf and fashioned to suit 
his work, so should your fishing rod be manutac- 
tured out of the best selected materials, . be nicely 



I 




balanced, of suitable length and weight, and so 
fashioned to embody all the requirements that go 
to make up a weapon that will give the best re- 
sults and not disappoint when put to the test of 
exacting service. 

The Salmon 

This magnificent fish be well tiamed "King of 
Fish" for it is one o( the noblest and strongest on 
which the angler can essay his art. It is bred in 
waters or rivers in close proximity to the sea. Has 
a blue black color, silvery sides and a white belly. 
It can be caught with either bait or spoon, but is 
considered far more sportsmanlike to be caught 
with the fly. 




In the month of August they ascend the rivers 
and wallow by a movement of their bodies, a hole 
in the gravel of river beds, where the female de- 
posits her spawn; the male then covers it with his 
milt, and after covering them deep with the peb- 
bles and sand, desert it; early next spring these 
are young "smolt" and the following year are good 
large fish and fine eatihg; when they thus attain a 
weight of 2 to 6 lbs. they are termed "grilse." 

After depositing its spawn the adult fish later 
hastes to the sea, before winter sets 'in, returning 
periodically year after year in the spring to the 
same waters. 

By a peculiar gift of nature they can by bending 
their bodies, like a carie bent to a circle and sud- 
denly let go; after a sudden rush, by the rebound 
leap high into the air, over obstacles, and clear of 
water falls, to a considerable height; and the fortu- 
nate observer of these "salmon leaps" are amazed 
at their sagacity and perseverance, for often a doz- 
en trials are necessary before success crowns their 
remarkable efforts. The growth of young Salmon 
is rapid, probably increasing its weight twenty to 
thirty times the first summer, it is then termed a 
"smolt * and is ready to go to sea; when they re- 

209 



^^^^^^^ 




turn. in spring from the sea, as stated before they 
are termed "grilse." Some ideas of the immense 
number of them can be formed when it is known 
that in the Columbia river alone, millions of them 
are taken every year, and the supply is still on the 
increase. 

Salmon are fond of deep waters and usually 
swim near the bottom, yet they will readily rise to 
the surface and take any spoon or fly deftly of- 
fered or observed by them ; and a single day's good 
Salmon angling with the fly, furnishes enough to 
talk about for a year; as to forgeting it, if ever fish- 
ing made a man talk in his sleep, Salmon fishing 
will do it. 

Reader if you have, ever caught on the fly and 
played a fighty three pound Trout or Bass, just 
magnify and think what it would be had it been a 
10 or 20 pounder, and you have it in a nutshell; 
and those that have mastered the art can be reck- 
oned in Fish Freemasonry as Past Grand Masters 
of the art. For equipment nothing short of the 
best is needed, both hands and all the brains nat- 
ure has given you; for the rod, the best split Bam- 
boo is none too good, it should be double-handed 
and measure from 13 to 15 feet, weighing from 15 
to 20 ounces. The reel should be large(4^ inch 
disk), the line hard braided strong silk, 100 to 125 
yards, size C, B, or D, leader extra strong, 9 feet 
in length, and the most guady, brightest colored 
flies you can find in a well filled Salmon fly book. 

In taking the fly, Salmon do not rush at it, and 
if the angler strikes as promptly as in Trout fish- 
ing, he is apt to pull the hook away and his chance 
for Salmon meat, is gone, for rarely will they rise 
twice to the same. When then he takes the fly 
give him time to go head toward the bottom, 
(which they invariably do) then strike easily so as 
to hook him good, bearing in mind that perhaps lo 
to 20 pounds dead weight is below the hook, and 
you need your tackle for subsequent proceedings. 
The instant he feels the hook look out for a panic, 
for he suddenly remembers a date way down 
stream, and like a flash goes to make the date 
good. Often he dashes through the water for a 
distance of 60 to 90 feet, compelling the angler to 
reel out the bulk of his line; leaping out of the 
V^aters, in a vain attempt to rid himselt of the hook, 

210 



^^^^^ 



and finding that force and swift running will not 
do it, he often has recourse to cunning, and will 
endeavor to rub or drag it out by rubbing his nose 
on the sharp rocks at the bottom.^ When these 
leaps are made the angler should give slack line, 
taking it in as quickly as he touches water again, 
and keeping whenever possible a fairly taut line, 
until by sheer strength the fish has exhausted him- 
self. When unable to resist any longer, he is led 
toward shore or rock, where the attendant or guide 
stands crouched with the gaff, waiting for an op- 
portunity to land him; and as the fish is near him, 
the hook is carefully extended and gripped, when 
he is dragged to terra firma. A blow on the head 
between the eyes usually ends his life. 

In Salmon fishing there are certain spots in riv- 
ers called casts, where Salmon are known to rest 
or feed; these may be a simple ledge, or they may 
extend for 20 to 50 feet or more. Often too they 
can be seen sporting or jumping about; but where 
for some reason they never feed or take the fiy; 
and the angler who studies or knows these casts 
has a great advantage, as he can thus avoid these 
barren spots. In fishing a cast the angler casts 
across or down stream, drawing the fly up stream 
toward him, raising or lowering the tip of his rod 
so as to check and loosen the fibres of the fly alter- 
nately, so as to properly counterfeit fly life. When 
the Salmon rises to the fly he usually makes a big 
bulge or boil on the water, or if he is eager and 
hungry throws his head and portion of his body 
above the surface, rolling over like a porpoise in 
his endeavor to grasp it; and the worst the angler 
can do is to pull it away from him, by imagining it 
is time to strike. If he misses it, give him a sec- 
ond chance, as they invariably turn around and 
angrily make the second snatch at it that rarely 
fails. In Salmon angling no two casts are alike, 
so each anglei must fish to suit conditions; long 
casts are generally unnecessary, 40 to 50 yards be- 
ing ample. 




Grilse and Salmon Flies 

Black Dose x Major x Sir Frances Sykes 

Black Fairy x Murderer x Sir Richard 

Brown Marquis of Lome Snow Fly 

Bob Sweep Mohair Yellow Smoky Dun 

Brown Dog Morgan Smith 

Butcher x Murray Spey Dog 

Donkey X Mystery x Spring Grub 

Dusty Miller x Nicholson Salmon 

Durham Ranger x Niger Stevenson 

Canary x North Lynne Stunner 

Brown Fairy X Orange &G rouse x Switching Sandy 

Fiery Brown x O'Donoghue Tartan 

Green Grouse Old Blue Tait's Fancy 

Green Parrot Olive (4) Thunders 

Green King Owen More Thorney Dyke 

Green Well Parson x Tom Tickler 

Gray Monkey Policeman Troi Camps 

Harlequin x Poynder Tyne Doctor 

Helmsdale Pointer Water Witch 

Hopdog Pophamx Welshman 

Hornet Powell's Fancy While Wing 

Indian Crow Prince William x White Tip 

Jackers Pride of Aberdeen White Doctor x 

Jeanie Prince of Wales x Wilkenson, _ 

Jockie Princess Louise Yellow Prince 

Jock Scott X Priest Romeo 

John Ferguson x Purple King Juliet 

Judge Rainbow Counfpss 

Kate Red and Blue Amazon 

Killer Sapper Gipsy 

LadyCaroliue Scottish Chief Rooster 

Lascelles Shrimp Raven 

Laxford Shannon Pyramid 

Lemon Monkey Silver Bell Cock Robin 

Lion Silver Doctor x 

Lhanover Siiver Gray x 

Ldgie Joch Scott x 

Mallard Silver Sir Archibald 

Those being marked x being considered unusu- 
ally good killing flies. 

Outfit for Salmon or Grilse, ^Etc. 

13 to 15 ft. Salmon rod 15 to 22 cz. 

Quadruple multiplying reel (Salmon size.) 

100 to 125 yds. fine silkhard braided orlineri line. 

3 doz. assorted fine Salmon flies (special) and 
book. 

3 9 ft. Salmon leaders (fine gut.) 

3 assorted Salmon spoons, i gimp or cable 
leader. 

1 50 to 200 ft. Salmon line No. 9 (on reel.) 

I marble automatic gaff. 

1 tackle box. 

I doz. hooks Sproat assorted sizes swivels and 
sinkers. 

212 



About Bass* (The Black Bass, i to 6 lbs.) i 




Dr. Henshall in his famous work on these fish, 
entitled the *'Book of the Black Bass," and his 
other equally famous work "More of the Black 
Bass," call these the "King of Game Fish" or the 
"Bulldog of the Waters." Certain is it that it can 
be classed with the "best of them." (Yet there are 
others.) It is an unusually finny fighter, a-s many 
a pickerel twice its size has found out to its cost. 
It is one of the most greedy fish known, and, like 
the proverbial Irishman green enters chiefly into 
its color, in various localities of its body, with a 
white belly, and in form is short and chunky. 
There are two varieties, small and large mouthed 
black bass, either of which can put up a "battle 
royal." They invariably take the bait with a rush 
arid when it finds itself hooked, it will rush a little 
more to get rid of it, and will spring out far and 
clear into the air, and shake himself fiercely in his 
vicious effort to jerk out the hook. Even at the 
last moment, like the ingenious possum, it will 
feign death and make a final and terrific ru^h for 
liberty at the moment of landing requiring much 
skill of the angler to prevent it from accomplish- 
ing its purpose, hence it is called a tricky fish. 
As stated before they take almost any bait readily 
either natural or artificial. 

For live bait use Helgramite, frogs, (small green 
ones) crawfish or minnows; a 9-foot rod, multiply- 
ing reel, F size silk line, hard braided, 6-foot strong 
leader and No. i or 2 hook. 



Por Trolliiigr— What is known as the Revolu- 
tion bait. Evolution or No. 4 spoon baits are ex- 
cellent, or the bucktail or bass spinners, any of 
these are most remarkable baits, provided they 
are well made on scientific and fish principles; 
and for the benefit of my readers 1 illustrate 
the most desirable and well known styles only. 

It is, however, well known, that bass take freely 
any bait, and it should be remembered if live is 
used, as in jninnow casting, that as fish take live 
bait head first, time should be given for the fish to 
stop and swallow the bait. Then and not before 
should the strike be made. Don't strike the in- 
stant you feel the bite, lest you yank the bait from 
his mouth and sacrifice it. Give him time to gorge 
it first, then do your strike skillfully. If using 
minnows keep them in deep water near the bot- 
tom. If using crawfish keep them on the bottom 
just as they live, as its natural. 

If Bass Runs -Under your boat strike its 
bottom with your foot. The sound magnified 
largely in water will soon drive him away and 
quickly. 

In riy Fishing- for Bass— Occasionally allow 
you flies, which should be shotted, to sink a trifle 
under the surface when desired and select the 
most gaudy flies — the brightest in all your book 
and in fly fishing strike the instant you note the 
bite. Let it tug and earn hard very inch of the 
line you give him. If it leaps into the air lower 
the tip of your rod, so as to slack the line a trifle, 
while it is in the air, retrieving the slack with the 
rod tip the instant it reaches water again. This is 
the critical time and must be met promptly by the 
angler or "lost fish" or something else will surely 
result. 




In Fly Casting for Bass 

Cast so as the flies will light on the waters as 
quietly and life like as possible, then skip them 
along the surface zigzag way, letting them once in 
a while, sink a trifle below the surface, especially 
in the most likely spots. If the waters are run- 
ning swift, let your flies float with it, then skitter 
them on the surface back again to the recast, cast- 
ing over the same spot several times so as to coax 
them to rise. When Bass bite eagerly, whip the 
stream, by repeating the casts rapidly, first one 
side then the other, allowing the flies always 
though to light easily, never however permitting 
slack line, as with a fairly taut line the fish will in- 
variably hook himself when he strikes. Cast be- 
low rapids and ripples, over pools and eddies, 
along the edge of weeds, grass, under projecting 
banks or near drift wood, off shoals or long points 
of land; don't fish long in long deep reaches of 
water. The best time is from sundown to dark or 
on moonlight nights, on streams an hour or two; 
after sunrise of warm weather is good, if dark, 
cloudy days, any time is good. Bright, hot sunny 
places and times should be avoided. When you 
see or feel a rise strike at once, lest he spit it out 
or reject it, as fish often will, and lead your fish to 
deeper waters so as to play him. Don't hurry to 
land him, the harder and. longer he fights the more 
sport there is in it. When he breaks water, lower 
the tip of your rod and assume that taut line the 
moment he strikes water. 

In Bait Fishing* for Bass — Use a bright small 
minnow, and don't strike until he has the bait well 
in his mouth, feel him first, and when he has had 
time to gorge the bait, then strike. If still waters, 
sink your minnows near to bottom, in rapid waters 
nearer the surface. 



Pishing for Bass— In any waters^ls best attend- 
ed with success when the surface of the water is 
ruffled by breezes. This is so in any fishing, but 
especially so in bass waters. It is poor time to 
labor for bass in smooth or very still waters unless 
they are unusually hungry. 

Amongf Bass Plies the Most Successful Are— 
Scarlet or Red Flies, Tipperlin, Bucktail, Fergu- 
son, Henshall, Cheney, Seth Green, Jungle Cock, 
Grizzly King, Oriole, Baltimore, Premier, Blue 
Bottle, Imperial, Black and Gold, La Belle, Mon- 
treal, Coachman, Manchester, Professor, Black 
Maria, Henry, Frank, Epting, Gray Hackle, Queen 
of the Waters, Royal, Silver Doctor, White Mil- 
ler, Fitzmaurice, Black Prince, Polka, Yellow 
Sallie, Kippe, Reuben Wood. 

It is to be noted that one dozen of each flies 
maJces an ample assortment, although by many a 
well filled fly book often containing three to six 
dozen is carried, yet it is doubtful if tliose fortunate 
possessors of six dozen or more, catch any more 
fish than the more prudent angler whose book 
contains "just the dozen and no more" of good bass 
flies.- 

In fishing for bass look out for a partner. When 
you catch one, as during the summer they mate 
and two then usually travel together, hence it is 
wise to cast again over the same spot or there- 
abouts for still another one. 




Size and weight of Black Bass, in inches. 

9 inches ,. . . . i . i lb. 

10 inches i lb. 2 oz. 

1 1 inches i lb. 6 oz. 

1 2 inches 2 lbs. 

1 4 inches 3 lbs. 

1 5 inches 4 lbs. 

216 



The 
PicRerel 

This fish is usu- 
ally found in gras- 
sy streams, ponds 
and marshy waters, 
It is yellow and 
green in color, long 
flat head, formid- 
able jaws and teeth 
and is extremely 
rapacious. ■ For its capture skittering and trolling 
are most successful, but should be given time to 
swallow the bait if skittering method be employed. 
It usually gives a spasmodic effort when first hook- 
ed or hurt, but allows himself to be brought easily 
to the boat, before making any serious attempt at 




~^.^ ^^i,^^,,-^ 




escape; when up to the boat or after capture, it 
awakens to a sense of activity when too late to be 
of service. Spoon bait trolled from a boat is the 
common method used in its capture; yet it will take 
anything presented to it that is of an eatable form. 
It preys on its own specie and is always hungry 
for more; it is an enemy to everything that swims, 
is a most (destructive fish, arid not to be even classed 
as the best of eating, owing Xb its bony condition. 

Midsummer they are in their worst form, but 
later especially during winter they are excellent; 
in the spring they go to spawning near the banks 
and bogs, especially where a deep, muddy bottom 
is found. At this time a favorite method of catch- 
ing immense quantities of Pickerel is by night 
spearing, in a boat provided with a light or fire of 
some kmd, spearing them when seen. In wintier 
a dark tent or house box is placed on the ice ponds 
and the interior darkened; a hole is then cut m the 
ice so as to observe the fish, which is lured to with- 
in spear point by means of a decoy minnow. 
.217 

mi 





The Tip-Up. 



PicKerel Spearing in Winter 

As illustrated above or 
by a simpler method 
called the "tip up." A 
number of these con- 
trivances being used 
through the ice at var- 
ious points, bait being 
us^d, either live fish or 
meat. When the fish 
bites or is hooked, the weight tips up the pole and 
signals the catch. Another method for various 
species, being to have a bright fire of pitch pine 
near the bow of a boat on some suitable iron or 
heavy wire frame, when the fish are speared as 
they show themselves. Brook and lake Trout are 
by both methods, caught in large quantities; but 
the method is unsportsmanlike, and is referred to 
here simply as I desire to illustrate the various 
methods m catching fish. 

They are also taken by ''bait casting" as described 
elsewhere, a method often practiced in fishing for 

_^ 218 



Pike, Pickerel, etc. They can be caught in the wa- 
ters of Wisconsin, Michigan and northern lakes. 
St. Lawrence and Canadian lakes and rivers, Usu- 
ally they spawn in shallow waters about April, in 
favorite places, among driftwood, weedy or grassy 
shoals. They live almost entirely on a fish diet 
like the Pike family. As a rule they travel in pairs, 

A good way to identify them irom Muskallonge 
is by observing that the lower half of cheek 
and gill covers in the Muskallonge are destitute of 
scales, while the Pike has the cheeks fully covered 
with scales, and in the Pickerel it will be observed 
that the scales grow on both the cheek and gill 
covers. 

In early spring they are particularly fond of sun- 
ning themselves, but as the summer heat increases 
they seek bottom waters and stay there. The best 
bait for Pickerel is a chub, at least four inches 
long and a fat one; and let me say here, that of all 
baits, chubs can live about as long as any bait 
known if handled right; hence they are a most de- 
sirable bait. In hot weather the Pickerel takes the 
bait lazily, but in the spring or fall it goes after it 
with more of a rush. The weight of these fish 
range from i to 5 lbs. (average.) 

They spawn early in spring and frequent the 
weeds about shoal waters. 

Almost any tackle will do f«r Pickerel fishing, 
and almost any bait — a piece of skin of fat pork, 
minnow or frog, small mouse, or large gaudy flies 
allowed to sink a trifle beneath the surface, or skit- 
tered over them (large Bass Flies are excellent,) 
When hungry they will grab at almost anything 
that is bright or has motion, a good bait being a 
small lively green frog, or a bucktail; the moment 
it hits the water it should be kept on.the move, and 
skittered around about rushes, grass, etc. from boat 
to shore always. They will often bite for pure 
viciousness. (See Art of Bait Casting, etc.) 




In Trolling Deep Waters 

Weight the end of your main h'ne with a. heavy 
weedless or snag proof sinker (egg shape;) at dif- 
ferent intervals attach by means of swivels, your 
trolling lines and baits, several feet or more apart, 
so as to troll bottoms, deep and mid-waters, (See 
illustration) at one and the same time. 



B-^^ 



C-^. 



P«' 



D— Main line 

and Sinker. A, B. C. 

—Baits and troll lines. 

I, 2, 3. -Swivels and troll 

lines attached to main line. 



The PiKe 

Much the same methods are lo be observed in 
Pike and Pickerel fishing as for Muscallonge, and 
is usually caught by trolling or skittering, using 
either a bright spoon or any other baited hook. 
Even a white ana red rag will suffice, as they are 




■M l 



extremely ravenous, hence are termed the fresh 
water wolf and will bite at almost anything offered 
them from a piece of China crockery to bright 
)ieces of jagged tin or colored rag. So extreme- 
y rapacious are these fish that they have been 
known to swallow fish of its own kind so large 
that a portion of it remained in his mouth while 



that in his stomach was digested. I, myself, have 
seen time and time again, in their stomach those 
of a size but a few inches less. It loves extreme 
solitude and fears not to be seen even; while their 
bite is more or less poisonous. They mate and 
spawn early in spring only, and often can be seen 
thus in shallow waters in the mud to sun them- 
selves where they are at times caught by spearing 
in large numbers. They usually inhabit or fre- 
quent the weedy grass spots, where Pickerel weed 
is plenty and are extremely fond of young frogs. 

The Wall Eyed Pike 

So named owing to the peculiar dead or white 
appearance of its eyes. It is best taken with 
trolling spoons; live baits, minnows, frogs, craw- 
fish or white fish meat, etc. Use about the same 
tackle as ior large Trout or Bass or any good 




spoon of proper size tor trolling. It is a wander- 
ing fish and is usually to be found any place. It 
puts up a good, stiff fight and is to be reckoned a 
good fish all round. It is a bottom feeder and is 
extremely voracious. They are usually trolled for 
in waters 30 to 40 feet deep, the lines being 
weighted by sinkers. Best time for fishing May 
and June. Usually found in deep waters, mouths 
of creeks, inlets and oftimes in shallow waters. 

The MusRallonge 

This is the largest and handsomest of the Pike 
family, and is often captured 4 to 5 feet in length, 
weighing; over 30 to 40 lbs. In color it is silver 
gray, while its back and sides are dotted with brown 
spots. It has a very large mouth filled with unus- 
ally long and sharp teeth, hence it is often called 
the Shark of fresh waters. The early spring and 
fall months are best for its capture. May, June and 
September especially. It is by nature one of the 

221 



hungriest and most vicious fishes that swims, at- 
tacking anything that may come within its reach, 
that can be swallowed and used foi food. Its fav- 
orite places are usually in the grass or at the edge 
of reeds, rushes, etc. For their capture a short 
trolling rod, lOO yards of strong E or No. 3 line and 
a No. 7, 8 or 9 spoon are used, to which is attached 
live bait or a strip of meat, or a fine chub 4 or 5 




inches long, being unusually successful. Direct 
your boat, and spoon or bak around, deep, dense 
growths of reeds, banks, grasses, etc., fairly deep 
in the water, letting out sufficient line to keep the 
bait moving or spinning, 75 to 100 feet behind the 
boat. When the Muskallonge sees it, he will in- 
variably sieze the bait and go down to swallow it. 
Give him a little time to gorge the bait then strike, 
and have your boat pulled for deeper waters. 
When a Muskallonge is hooked it feels as though 
a Whale was on the line, for he pulls with the 
strength of a Sampson, and thus failing to dislodge 
the hook, he will often rush and shoot out of the 
waters in his efforts to get away; struggling, jerk- 
ing, jumping, pulling and fighting until exhausted. 
The faster the boat is rowed the better the chances 
of drowning or exhausting your fish, as he swims 
and fights when hooked, with mouth wide open. 
The favorite method of finishing these large fish 
is to shoot them before gaffing, as they are a very 
heavy strong fish, and can at the last nioment like 
all fish, make a terrific effort to escape. 

Bullheads, Catfish 

An excellent pan or table fish called a bottom 
fish, very common in most waters; easy to catch. 
It clings to life more than any other fish and as it 
lives on the boitom the baits used must be sunk ^3 
deep. I do not desire to go deeply into the subject ^^ 
of them as their habits are most generally "^ 
well known. They bite freely, almost anything ^= 
and swallow the bait; their peculiar horn projec- ^;^ 

222 _ ^ 




tions close to the mouth, often making unhooking 
them a difficult matter unless a hook extractor be 
used. They are capable of living a long time 
after being taken from the water. It is also a 
vegetarian fish and frequents muddy bottoms, 
taking almost any hook or bait offered them. 
Average size i to 3 lbs. up to the 50-lb. Catfish of 
Ohio and Mississippi water. Raw liver or worms 
is excellent bait for Catfish. A splendid time to 
catch them being at night. 



White and Yellow Perch 




One of the easiest fish to capture. It is an un- 
usuallv bold biter and peculiarly enough, are good 
free biters at all times of the day; and no matter 
how many are caught in the one spot, they can be 
hauled out one after the other with impunity, as 
they are in no way timorous. I have myself seen 
a boy fall overboard in the vicinity of good Perch 
fishing, and despite the floundering, good fishing 
went on just the same but a few minutes alter. 
They usually swim in large shoals, and when Ferch 
are biting, swarms of people in the neighorhood ot 
large cities, invariably get all good size strmgs. 
Worms being the usual and most fitting bait, and 
a simple 10 cent outfit of tackle is as good as the 
best. Usually a light Bamboo pole about 10 teet 
long, and 20 to 30 feet of line is used, with a small 
float and a No. 2, 3 or 4 hook with a small sinker a 
few inches above the hook, so as to keep the bait 
heavy and about a foot from the bottom. Yellow 
Perch are often fished for in the winter, by cutting 
holes in the ice. It is a bony fish but good eating. 



SALT WATER FISH 




Weakfish 

These fish are the most timid of salt water fish; 
the least noise will scare them off. Keep away 
from other boats so as to avoid their noises. 
Weakfish are not bottom swimmers, although at 
times they run deep. Use a good flexible rod, and 
as their mouths are tender, don't strike hard. 
Any light tackle will do, as used for Trout, Bass, 
etc. They bite hard and usually with a rush, 
hooking themselves they then pull hard- and rush 
about, but only at intervals. If they nibble don't 
strike until you feel your fish; 

In weakfish "chumming" is essential. This is 
done by chopping up fine mussels, crabs, clams, 
shrimp, porgies and casting a handful over the 
boat occasionally. (Shells and all) this will draw 
all kinds of fish about you and usually you can 
never tell what you will get — a shark, dogfish, 
skate, sea bass, blackfish, rOck crabs or flounders, 
porgies or menhaden. June to October is the best 
season, but the hottest months are best. Find big 
fish on the surf or open ocean, smaller fish in 
channels and flats of bays, creeks, inlets, etc. Use 
leaded or pearl squid and fish near the surface, 
using No. 4-0 Sproat hook, i to 2 ounce sinkers for 
trolling or deep waters and split shot and float for 
light tide fishing. Half tide is best or ebbing tide 
in deep, waters, flood tide in shallow water. ,Use 
any light tackle. 

The Sheepshead 

^' A rather homely fish, but excellent eating; usu- 

^-/' ally found around old wrecks, shell covered docks, 
gi, spiles, reefs, etc. Clams, Hermit Crabs or Shed- 
ri— ' der Crab is -good bait; send your bait to the bottom 

224 




and twitch slowly your bait to keep it moving 
and resting on and off the bottom alternately; best 
time July to October. Use No. i or 2 Sproat hook 
and sinker. When hooked they invariably allow 
themselves to be drawn to the surface,, then make 
a terrific plunge and struggle, as though they then 
realized their danger, and keep up the fight until 
played out and landed. They weigh 2 to 8 or 10 
pounds. 



Bluefish 

"Chumming" for Bluefish is essential to success 
to a marked extent, as in Weakfish they are raven- 
ous biters and it is well to wire the hook lest he 
bite and sever the leader and line from the hook. 
Fish near the surface water, using a float or al- 
lowing your bait and hook to drift with the tide. 

If using floats let them be about 3 or 4 feet 
from the hook. Very strong tackle should be 




used and No. 3-0 to 5-0 Sproat Hook wired. Use 
a large piece of menhaden squid or moss bunker 
for baitand fish in the "oil slick" of your chumming, 
drifting with it. Season June to November. Op- 
en sea, surf or bays. Flood tide best in bays or 
surf. Always keep a taut line. If fishiag for 
small fish about 3to 5 lbs. irse a No. 3-0 or 4-0 
hook. If still fishing "chumming" must be kept 
up. Bluefish run heavy and pull unmercifully 
so wear gloves. It is an unusually savage fish and 
has powerful jaws and teeth. In trolling the 
pearly squid trolling hooks and a copper wire 
swiveled leader is best. It rushes with fury and 
a line in an ungloved or soft hand will, cut deep 
into the flesh if you are not careful. If possible 
engage a small catrigged boat and seek deeper 
waters. 

In the winter months they migrate to the soutl> 
and appear in eastern waters about June. If a 



rod is used choose a 7-ft. fairly stiff one, 120 yds. 
of strong linen line and a good multiplying reel, 
with a good gaff to land your fish. Young Bluefish 
(snappers) bite quickly and any light ordinary 
Vickie will suffice. A glittering small spoon or 
small piece of tin or tin foil attracts them. They 
are surface feeders, thus bait should only be sunk 
a little below the surface. For bait use killies, 
shedder, crab or their own flesh with shiny skin 
left on. It is an unusually destructive fish. 

The King Fish 




This is a bottom fish peculiar to the eastern 
coast waters. Although a small fish it is a splen- 
did fighter, hence its name. It is usually captured 
in the summer months in eastern salt waters; feed- 
ing on Shrimp, Crabs, etc., and it is obvious that 
this is excellent bait for use in its capture. Al- 
most any light tackle will suffice. 

Flounders 

Choose rich mud bottoms, in February, March, 
April, October, November months, avoidmg hot 
weather; as they often lie imbedded in the mud, in 
cold weather, it is necessary to stir them up, usiiig 
an oar or rake (oyster or garden rake) and scrape 
them from the bottom, around the boat. A good 
way is to fish neai" oystermen; when thus disturbed 
they fall to feeding. Sand worms, clam bait or an- 
gle worms are excellent bait. When you feel your 
fish, strike, but as they at times only suck in t*he 
bait, be careful not to yank it out of the mouth. 
If using sand worms for bait, keep them in dry 
seaweed moistened only. Use No. 6 to 8 Sproat 
hooks, and line with sinker. Flood tide in shallow 
waters and ebb tide in deep waters is best. 



-,MWi 




S Blackfish XTantog, Bergalls. etc.) 

These fish are bottom feeders. Their choicest 
food being barnacles or shell fish that cling to 
piles along wharves, rocks, wrecks, etc. In such 
places care iftust be taken not to let the fish run 
so as to entangle him among the old dead timbers. 
They have a tough mouth and it is necessary to 
strike hard. -^ Use a fairly stiff, common rod, line 
and sinker so as "your line will rest on or close to 
the bottom. Use No. 3 to 5 Blackfish hooks and 
for bait sand or angle worms, clams, (hard portion) 
and fiddler or shedder crabs are excellent. Fish- 
ing at flood tide is best. They range in \yeight' 
from 2 to 20 lbs. Season from April to November. 

It has a large eye, big head, abundance of fi-ns, 
large scales .'and a small mouth, and can both tug 
and pull with gusto. 

Striped Bass 

A most cunning and wary fish, easily frightened. 
In trolling, a bright spinner spoon is effective if 

Slayed a few feet under the surface of the waters, 
ight fishing time is best; season, April to Nov- 
ember in bays, August to October in surf. At 
times they refuse any baits, and will often swim or 




school together on the surface, at other times will 
feed there; again often running near the bottom. 
In creeks, bays^ inlets, etc. fish close to banks. In 
trolling use a No. 3 or 5 spoon and let your bait be 
carried along by the tide so as to strike all cross 
currents. Use No. 10 to 2-0 Sproat hooks; large 
2 or 3 oz. sinker for surf casting; 2 oz. sinker for 
bottom stillfishing and split shot for creeks. If 
surf fishing, long casts are essential from 100 to 150 
feet, using for bait. Shrimp, Shedder, Crab, Men- 
haden, small Eels or worms securely fastened to 
hooks. 



if fly fishing use bright, gaudy colored flies aud 
sink them below surface; try the edges of shoals, 
over flats that rising waters have covered, near 
the junction of fresh and salt waters, in shallow 
bottom places, and is useless to try fly fishing in 
very deep waters. 



Sea Bass 

Another bottom feeder found in open sea, bays, 
inlets and creeks; favorite haunts near mussel bot- 
toms, banks, reefs, around wrecks, etc. Use No; 3 
to No. 2-0 Sproat hooks, at, first and last of ebb 
tide or flood tide, using ^^rimp, Shedder Crab, 
Mossbunker or Clam bait, or Killies. They often 
play with or feel the bait, and again at times take 
it with a rush; give. them time (unless they strike 
hard at your bait) to gulp it. Like the Weak fish 
their mouths are very tender, hence it is unneces- 
sary to strike hard. A little red or scarlet flannel 
tied to upper shank of hook is attractive to them, 
or use a Pearl Squid. Fish for them a few feet 
from the bottom, always fishing deep. They haunt 
also the banks of creeks and inlets. It is found 
that the point of the hook exposed is good in Sea 
Bass fishing. Best months, August to October. 
They like to freqient ihe borders of very shallow 
and deep waters; they rarely come to the surface, 
so always choose the deeper waters. 



FluKe Fish 

The Pickerel of salt water fish; extremely vorac- 
ious and always hungry. Like the Pike he seizes the 
bait and lies still to swallow and. enjoy it. When 
you feel your fish handle the line gently so as the 
fish fearing he will lose the bait will snap at it and 
thus take the hook. For bait use live killies, sned- 
der and crab fastened to No. 2-0 or 4-0 Sproat hook. 
If killies are used fasten them through the lips 
and aljow them to swim about near the bottom or 
to float off withnhe tide. June to November are 
the best months. Try the Bottoms of sandy 
bays, creeks, or in the surf or open ocean waters. 



wm.^-=: 



228 



"^^ 



t^-ms: 



The Tarpon or Silver King 

The fame of the game-fishes of the State of 
Florida extends throughout America, and beyond. 
Wherever there are anglers and rod and fishing 
clubs, the prowess of the "Silver King" is known 
and talked about. The one great hope of every 
angler is that lie may go to Florida and kill a Tar- 
pon before his fishing days are over. But while 




the Tarpon or Silver King is the king of game- 
fishes of this state, it is by no means the only game- 
fish. Some of the largest Black Bass known have 
been caught in Florida waters. The Sunfishes 
are the largest of their kind. The Ladyfish and 
Bonefish are thought by many to equal their rela- 
tive, the Tarpon, in game qualities. Trolling for 
Kingfish, Jack, Crevalle, Bluefish, Spanish Mack- 
erel, and Spotted Sea Trout, at Indian River, Lake 
Worth, Key West, or Biscayne Bay, furnishes 
sport of the most exciting kind; while still fishing 
for Sheephead and Man'grove Snappers at Indian 
River Inlet; for Chubs, Porgies, Porkfish, Yellow 
Tails, Snappers and Grunts at Key West; or for 
Red Snappers, Red Groupers, and others of their 
kin on the Snapper Banks, furnishes sufficient va- 
riety to please any angler, in whatever mood he 
may chance to be. 

There is no other place in the United States 
where one can stud>r live fishes so satisfactorily as 
at Key West. Fishing boats are lying at the fish 
wharf at all times arid in tWeir wells may be seen 
specimens of numerous species, many of them of 
brilliant coloration; and by going out with the fish- 
ermen upon the bars and coral reefs one may, by ^ 
the aid of a water glass, spend many hours ob- = 
serving and studying a multitude of fishes and -~ 
other interesting forms as they disport themselves ^ 
in the clear waters beneath the boat. ^ 

229 ^ 



As the Tarpon is one of the largest and best of 
game fish I deem it fitting to give it mention. Yet 
there are 500 species of other fish in Florida 
waters. 

This large fish often reaching 100 lbs. in weight 
and 3 to 6 ft. in length is a native of the Florida 
waters and is possessed naturally of great strength 
and fighting qualities, despite the fact, however, 
those of immense size, are caught with rod and 
line by enthusiastic anglers or fishermen. It is 
covered with large scales, which owing to their 
silvery color has given the fish the name of Silver 
King. / 

For theii^ capture a strong 6 ft.' rod is often used. 
Several hundred yards of yery strong line and a 
Tarpon hook, baited with fish or small mullet. 
Owing to its immense strength and agility they 
are permitted to tow the boat around when hooked 
and to carry off unusual amount of line. Often they ^ 
will leap from the water, and rush in every con- 
ceivable direction until finally exhausted or killed. 
When fishing for Tarpon, however, in these waters 
one is apt to secure on the line everything except 
what they are after as Shark, Red Drum, Sheeps- 
head. Skip Jacks, as these all frequent the water 
in abundance. 

In fishing for Tarpon allow them to run with the 
bait, so as to gorge it before striking. 




f"^^ ^i^ 



'Playing the Fish. 
230 




^^^ 




Dropper Knots. 

Quick, cRccltvc, 




Chain Knots. 



Link Knots. 




ff I 



Take a cord 
aud tie them 



Clove Hitch. 



Mast Hitch. Timber Hitch. 



233 



Wrinkles and KinKs 

for Fishermen, Anglers, £#tc« 

Keep Angle Worms, (nof. in a Tin Can) but in 

a small porous earthen jar (very small jflower poi) 
fill it not with mud or dirt, but green moss. wet. 
If fed with the white of a hard boiled egg, placed 
therein, or a teaspoonful of cream or bruised cel- 
ery, they will assume a pmk color, live long and 
be attractive. Don't drown them in mud as most 
do. Cover hole in bottom with a piece of the pot. 

A Splendid Bait — Are live maggots taken from 
meat that is fly blown. Anglers will do well not 
to despise the hitherto considered repulsive mag- 
got, if kept in a small box, with corn meal; there 
is no more objection to handling them, than any , 
worm or other slimy bait; try it once and be con- 
vinced. 

In Early Spring — Use very small Midge flies, 
when trout fishing. 

Carry and Dry Your Plies— By sticking them 
under your hat band, or around it; a few dozen 
can be accommodated thus, keeping them safely 
and drying them when needed. 

Don't Use too Big Flies or Hooks. — Better 
^mail than too large; big fish will take a small 
hook, but little ones can't take a large one» 

Pish Scent or Liire — A little assafoetida, oil of 
anise or sweet sicily; a drop pinched in your bait, 
will attract fish, to it. 

Don't Blame the Pish — For not biting, or tak- 
ing the fly. Perhaps you're to blame. Think over 
conditions and inspect your bait or tackle. 

The Difficult Places — To fish are just where 
the fish are. 

Old Pish — Like new flies. Young fish take old 
ones. 

234 



Pish Wardens— When you catch thieves cut off 
all their pants buttons. They can't run well and 
hold up their pants at the same time. 

Kill Every Water Snake— You find. They eat 
millions of fish eggs every year. 

To Keep Fish Alive —Use a fish bag, even a 
gunny sack, with small slits on its top and centre. 

To rind Worms— Choose a manure pile or 
after a heavy rain, when they crawl to the surface 
of the ground. 

Take Your Wife— Along on your fishing trips. 
She will surely enjoy it, or else take 

Choosing- Plies. — Choose the smaller ones every 
time. 

Ply Blown Meats — Suspended over a trout or 
fish hole drops the maggots continually in the 
water. This attracts fish to that vicinity. 

Oil Reels— With good clock oil, not watch oil. 

Red Chubs— Or black striped minnows are ex- 
cellent bait. 

To Attract Minnows— Throw fresh meat bones 
refuse in shallow waters or likely places, it keeps 
them hovering around it. 

Pishing* at Night — Is fishing right. Fish'ng 
midday hardly pays. Dark days are best,' they 
say. 

Clean Utensils— Used in cooking fish (when hot 
using sand and water), scouring it hard before you 
cook meats, vegetables, etc. 

Prog-ging" at Night. — Take a very bright light, 
locate your frog, and turn the light on him square- 
ly. It dazzles him and you can pick him up like a 
potato. Don't think he'll jump away; the light 
confuses him and he forgets himself.. 

In Casting" for Bass— Choose the edge ©f lily 
pads, weeds, rushes, etc. Pickerel also. 

235 



Pish Scratches or Wounds.— Use common 
salt and vinegar, or suck them well and put a chew 
of tobacco around it and bind it on. 

Never Let Your Shadow— Be observed by fish 
you are after. Get behind a tree, bank, or cut a 
few branches so as to hide yourself behind them, 
or lay in the high grass and crawl to the most like- 
ly spots, especially in trout fishing. 

Never Use Pork Rind.— Except in trolling. 
Use the white fat meat instead and shape either 
as ne<:C to a minnow or frog as possible. 

A Complete Camp Cook Book.— Have you a 
copy. If not send loc. for the "Complete Camp- 
ers Manual." Covers all subjects. 136 pages, 200 
illustrations, by "Buzzacott," Chicago, 111., U. S. A. 

If Wadingf or Your Clothes are Wet.— Keep 
moving and there is no danger of a chill. 

Always Carry a Pile.— A small one to sharpen 
the barbs of your hooks. Examine them often to 
see that they are sharp. 

Keep Your Spoons Brigfht. — Revolving spoons 
can be scoured with tobacco ashes or wood ashes, 
polish them with a dry rag and elbow grease. 

Brass or Copper Spoons. — Vinegar and salt will 
instantly clean and brighteh them if rubbed hard 
with a rag dipped in above, then polished with a 
dry one. 

To Kill Pish.— Hit them between the eyes with 
a club, stick of wood, knife handle, etc. 

Pish Killed at Once— As soon as caught, keep 
better, and the flesh remains firmer and better all 
around. 

Catch Progs.— Use hook and Tine, and piece of 
red or scarlet rag. Keep only for bait the little 
ones,. the large ones, use their hind quarters and 
fry and eat them. Excellent. 



'^"^^^^-^2®—^ ^^-=^ 



Keep Projfs— In a peflorated'box, with a little 
moist grass, they need no water at all, and will 
keep in a cool place without food or drink for a 
week or more, simply drench them once or twice 
a day only. 

Keep Shrimp.— Put them in wet saw dust, moss, 
water grass or seaweed. 

To Preserve Pish — Use Preserveline. i lb. will 
preserve 50 to 100 lbs. of fish. Its all right. 

To Peed and Keep Worxns Pat— And alive, use 
the white of a hard boiled egg, a small part of it. 

Smear Rod Permles— With tallow before joint- 
ing them and they won't stick when unjointing 
them. If they do, apply the heat of a match so as 
to expand the metal. 

The Man in the Boat— Should keep still, and 
aid the angler, not retard him. 

To Soften Leaders— Soak them in vinegar and 
water. 

Never Use Dry Leaders. — You are apt to frac- 
ture and ruin them. 

To Keep Leaders - Moist and ready for use, use 
a leader box. 

To Color Leaders— Soak them in strong green 
or black tea or very strong coffee. 

Always Test— Your lines, leaders, snells, etc., 
before starting out on a trip. 

In Purchasing^ Plies — Always buy the best, 
even if you must economize elsewhere. 

Always Have— An extra rod tip along with you 
on a trip. 

On Cold Days— Trout are sluggish and unless 
hungry or feeding, refuse to bite. 

On Hot Days— They usually await the cool eve- 
ning or morning before biting well. 

237 



^^^m 



SUGGESTIONS FOR OUTFITS 

These suggestions are of course subject to 
change as per the individual fancy and likes of 
the user or intending purchaser. 
A Common Yet Practical Ouiit (for Still Fishing) 

A Bamboo pole, lo to" 12 ft. long with reel. 

25 to 50 yds. silk or linen line size G or F. 

A common cork float, split shot sinkers. 

2 3-ft. leaders. Silk worm gut. 

A few No. 6-7-8-9 Sproat hooks (snelled.) 

A fish stringer and bait box. 
A Simple Trolling Outfit 

100 yds. stout linen line and reel, hook and 
sinker. 1 assortment of spoon baits for trolling. 

1 weedless trolling spoon and leader. 

Outfit for Trout, Bass, Pike, Pickerel, Etc. Etc 
8 ft. Lancewood rod, extra tip and case, multi- 
plier reel with click. 

25 to 50 yds. stout silk line, 100 yds. trolling line 
and and reel. 3 6 ft. gut leaders. 

2 doz. very best Trout and Bass flies (special ) 

2 T/out and Bass spinners or spoons. 

3 casting baits, Minnow, Frog and bucktail 
weedless. 

Yz doz assorted hooks, sinkers and swivels. 

I landing net, creel, straps and bait box. 

I fly and leader book or tackle box. 
An AH Around Pine Outfit 

I first class (combination rod) (bait and fly sizes 
two in one.) 

I quadruple multiplying reel, with cHck m case. 

50 yds, fine fly casting Ime, all silk. 

50 yds. fine bait casting line, all silk. 

100 yds. all linen braided, trolling line (on reel 
complete.) 

Yi doz. assorted sizes silk worm gut leaders. 

I adjustable float (split shot sinkers and swivels) 

I bank or casting sinker. 

1 doz. assorted sizes Sproat hooks. 

I fly book 3 doz. assorted finest flies "special." 

6 assorted spinners and spoon baits plain and 
weedless. 

3 assorted casting baits plain and weedless. 

I landing net Harrimac or equal. 

I tackle and bait box. _ 

1 creel and straps; \ mmnow pail. 

238 



In FisMng for Black Bass— It is neVt to use- 
less to cast on perfectly smooth waterr 

Use Small Spoons— When trolling for bass. 

Black Bass Go in pairs all summer. If you 
catch one look CH»t for his mate. 

In Trolling- for Bass— Row aboat ^three miles 
an hoar only, th»' tendency in trolling is to go too 
fast. Row only ♦o keep good' motion of your bait, 
and, if you twite h it often so as to make it spurt or 
swerve, so mud '^he better. 

Where to Gu '^The author will be pleased to 
inform readers «Khere is the best to go, and also 
furnish printed n fatter describing routes and dates. 
On writing enclose postage for replies and matter 
4 to 6c., and statt* kind of fishing desired, time of 
prospective trip, and how far or to what state you 
intend to travel t>; whether your trip is for waters 
of your own or ^r^her territory. This advice is 
free. 

In Fishing 'W Hh Live Bait— Allow time for the 
fish to turn an(^ swallow or gorge the bait, as fish 
invariably swai'Dw bait fish, head first. If using 
minnows keep Aem well under water. If rapid 
waters, It will 1 7 its own force unless smkered 
keep the minno i** "\ear the surface, which is the 
proper way. 

A Little Red «jr Colored Rag — Fastened at the 
head of spoon bajt often makes a more attractive 
lure. 

Use a Fish Scaler — For cleaning or scaling all 
fish.* 

For Weak Fish -Use a pearl weak fish squid 
bait. 

For Large Bass or Trout— Use a good spinner 
fly. 

239 



Fisli in Spawning Season— Are less apt to be 
scared, yet there are many who absolutely refuse 
any food at these times; before or after they will 
eagerly take anything offered them. 

The Largest Fish— Can oft times be found in 
most shallow or unlikely waters, ir\ search of foods. 

Always Buy^The very best flies that money 
can purchase, and provide yourself with abundant 
select bait, even if you must travel third class to 
do it, for first" class fishing will result. 

To tJse Trog Successfally— Keep it moving so 
as to resemble life,. a twitching movement is best, 
(as a frog swims.) 

Brook Trout— In autumn (spawning season) 
take no food. 

Good Bass Plies.— Jungle Cock, Silver Doctor,. 
Montreal, Frank, Henry, Coachman,' Epting,Seth 
Green, Ferguson, Lord Baltimore. 

If a iString— is in a knot, patience will untie it; 
patience does most anything if' you will but try it. 

March.— This is the earliest time for fly fishing, 
and can only be practical when the snow wjtter is 
all out of streams. The earliest fly found on wat- 
ers is tlie February Red, Blue Dun, March Brown. 

April— Red Spinner, Cow Dung, Red and Black 
Hackles, Iron Blue and Yellow Dun, 

May.— Stone Fly, Sedge Fly, Alden Fly, Black 
Gnat, Evening Dun. 

June.— (Best month for trout.) Green Drake or 
May Fly, Grey Drake, Coch-y-bon-Dhu, (try it,) 
Brachen, Shorn Fly, Light. Colored Duns and 
Spinners. 

July.— The (Worst Month.) White and Brown- 
Moths, Red and BlackAnt Flies and Small Midges. 

August. — August Dun and Cinnamon Whirling 
Dun and Willow Fly, bringing up the angler's sea- 
son for fly fishing for trout. 



I 



TDTse Cork Handles— To your rods. They are 
softer, cooler to the hands. 

Be Cautious.— More caution is required in fly 
fishing than in bait fishing; objects beneath the 
water, do not scare fish so easily as those on the 
surface. 

Pish Take Live Bait,— When fish seize smaller 
fish, they always swallow it head first, so give it 
time to turn and gorge it thus, before you strike. 

To Extract Hooks— From flesh or clothing, 
push back the upper end so as to bring point out 
where it went in. 

Best Bass Fishini^— Is at night or on a cloudy 
day, or early morn or evening. 

Strew Perns— In your fish basket or creel, to 
keep trout separate, clean and moist. 

Por Ply Casting^- Use a very light elastic or 
flexible rod, strong and servicable, 6 to 9 feet in 
length, not over six ounces in weight. 

Por Bait FisMng — Use a medium weight, fair- 
ly stiff rod, about 9 feet long. 

Por Trolling-— Use a short stiff rod, extremely 
stout and strong, 6 to 8 feet long, weighing li 
ounces or more. 

Por Salmon Pishing — Use a double handed 
rod, 15 feet long, about 15 ounces. 

The Eyes of Pish — Are peculiarly placed ren- 
dering him incapable of seeing plainly objects on 
a level or direclly under him. They can^ how- 
ever, see plainly all that is going on above, and for 
a long distance about him, say 40 to 50 feet. 

Pish Don't Bite— Always to satisfy hunger only. 
They often strike at a glittering or attractive bait 
for pure viciousness or greediness. 

241 




Always Breakfast— Before starting out morn- 
ings "a-fishing." Don't start out on an endpty 
stomach, or too early. 

A Fish Decoy.— Take a dozen bright minnows, 
and cork them up in a bottle (a clear glass one) of 
water with a small hole in the cork; suspend them 
midwater, in a very likely spot; when the bottle is 
submerged, it is hid by the color of the glass and 
water, and the imprisoned but moving minnows 
attract other fish to that vicinity. 

Keep Minnows Alive— By providing or attach- 
ing to your minnow pail, a rubber tube and air 
bulb. Fill the bulb with air and force it through 
the tube into the water, thus "crating it" or Sup- 
plying air to the water. Thus you have the most 
expensive minnow pail, at a cost of a few cents. 

In Bottom or Still Pishingf. Plumb the depth 
of the water first, so as to be sure of its depth; 
then act accordingly. 

Excellent Bait for Bass— Young carp, very 
small green frogs, live grasshoppers. 

In Fastening Progs— Pass the hook through 
both lips and use the smaller ones. 

Por Carp Pishing— White maggots smeared 
with honey, stale doughy sweetened bread, pota- 
toes, etc. Wait until he swims away with the bait 
before you strike. 

The Best Time— For trout fishing rs at night 
then large fish are active. Select a quiet spot 
near a deep hole, and leave it for a night trial. 
Cut a few branches and group them around so as 
to hide yourself behind them^ Do this the day 
before you fi.«h the spot. Cast over and draw your 
bait or fiy quietly over the top of the water. If 
big trout are there you'll quickly get a rise 

Don't Pry Trout.— Try broiling it over th" 
camp fire. 

242 



Bait Casting-— Use a short rod 5 to 7 feet long, 
a fine, smooth line, free running quadruple reel. 
Wind the line until the bait is close to the rod, 
then cast as you would throw an apple from a 
pointed stick. Cast the bait 50 to 60 feet or more 
from the boat, which should be in deep water, and 
casts made toward shallow water. Cast lo the 
edges of rushes, weeds, etc., then trolling the bait 
to the boat for the recast. 

Repair Kit— For anglers containing awls, brads, 
Shellac mending silk, wax, cement, etc., should be 
taken on long trips. 

Por Cold Weather -Use a chamois shirt; light 
and warm as a coat. They are flannel lined. 

A Splendid Pish. Bait— Maggots from meat 
that has been fly blown. 

Iiead Yoiir Hook-^Well to the head of live fish 
bait. 

To Preserve a Landing Net— Immerse it in 
Linseed oil. Shake it out well, stretch it open and 
dry well. 

Yellow Perch— Like gay colored trout hackles 
if sunk below the surface. Use one or more flies 
at the same time. 

Dead Sand Worms— Are useless for bait in salt 
water fishing. 

In Trout Pishing-- If you can't hide behind 
places, cut a tree branch or two and make a blind. 
Do this the day before you fish that spot. 

Hide Prom View.— I have seen a dozen fish 
leap to take the fly, but the moment they caught 
sight of me they refused everything later offered 
them; a few hours later I took care to hide myself 
and crawling cautiously near that spot, the finest 
fishing I have enjOyed, resulted from that care. 

243 



In Your Tackle Box— Should be a stick of 
angler's wax and ferrule or rod cement, a few 
connecting links, split buck shot, a weedless 
floating meadow frog, for casting; a spinning fly 
for casting or trolling; other trolling baits, spoons, 
etc.; a gimp leader, a bucktail bass fly and spoon; 
a double and single swivel, a foul tackle clearing 
ring, a bank sinker, a cork float, and a fisherman's 
file and pliers, and if possible a line dryer, leader 
box and fly book and you have an outfit that is 
complete. 

Consult Your Guide— If possible, follow his 
recommendations, treat him with the same respect 
as you expect from him, insist upon his doing his 
duty thoroughly and well, always take a receipt 
for money paid. 

Double Barb Hooks — Can be purchased any 
size, and is used for fish that nibbles instead of 
biting. 

Don't Strike too Hard.— Approach likely wat- 
ers carefully and fish the nearest side first; when 
you rise a good fish and fail to hook him, give him 
a little rest before casting over him again. 

Notice Wbat Flies — Are on the waters you are 
fishing and what the fish seem to be taking, and 
imitate it. 

Open the Stomacb— Of your first fish and see 
what they are feeding on, and follow the "tip."^ 

Use a Smaller Fly — Than the natural one, the 
larger the imitation the easier fish can observe the 
fraud. 

For Trolling. — Troll close to the edge of rushes, 
lily pads, etc., just between deep and shallow or 
light and dark waters. Morning, evening and 
after dark is the best time for trolling. 

Using Spinners— Go slow and deep for success 
and big fish. 

244 




On Wet Days— Fish often fail to bite because 
food is washed into the waters in plenty. 

In Bait or Ply Pishingf— Always fish down 
stream. There are times however, that up stream 
has its advantages, but its hard work. 

Pish Cannot be Caught — While snowwater is 
in streams. 

Orab Worms— make good bait.. 

Change Your Plies— Often if fish refuse to rise; 
fish that oftimes refuse seasonable flies, will strike 
eagerly at a most radical change. 

Keep the Sun— In front of or at the side of you 
when fishing. 

It is Said— Fish bite better between the new 
moon and firs quarter. 

On Cloudy Days— Use bright flies, dark days 
use white flies, bright days use dark flies. 

A Nest of Very Small Mice— Make excellent 
large trout or bass bait. 

Pish Decoy.— Cut up small fish, meats, etc., and 
scatter in likely still waters the day before you 
fisfi there. It will atti*act them to that vicinity. 

Salmon Leaders— Should be 9 feet long. Trout 
leaders, 6 feet long. 

Bobbing for Eels.— Take a piece of stout darn- 
ing worsted and a needle and thread it full of 
angle worms; the longer the string the better. 
Wind it up in loops, tie your line to it, and sink it 
to the bottom, where the eels are, (do this at night ) 
When they bite iheir teeth get caught in the- 
worsted and holds them fast; or take a piece of 
raw meat and sew it full of worsted, cross and re- 
cross, and it will answer the same purpose. 

Good Salt Water Bait—Shrimps, shedder, 
crabs, sand worms, clams, (hard portion) small 
crawfish, etc. 

245 



^^grrz— .^ 3^-^^ 



A Tangled, Kinky Iiine— Can be unravelled by 
towing it behind a boat or trailing it in running 
water. 

Kaw Beef or Raw Liver. — Especially hog's 
liver is excellent spring bait. 

To Skin Eels.— Pin with a fork his tail to a tree 
stump, split the skin around, a few inches from the 
fork and pull it over its head. Fry or stew them. 

Assafoetida— Or camphor put in bait box is said 
to attract fish by its scent. 

In Ply Casting- Have the wind at your back, 
the sun before you and do not let your line touch 
the water, that's the place for your fly only. 

Keep Minnows Alive — Or revive them by add-* 
ing a spoonful of salt to the water. 

A Live Chub^ Makes good bass bait, or use the 
Dobson or Helgramite. Find them in brooks and 
rivers under large stones. 

The Best Time— For trout, the month of June. 

When Bass or Trout^^jRefuse to rise to the sur-» 
face for a fly, try sinking it. a foot below the sur-i 
face. 

Use Shakespeare— Sure lure weedless bait for 
bass fishing, its excellent. 

Fish in the Water— Can see plainly out of it. 
Things in the water are magnified out Qf it, just as 
they are magnified in the water to you. 

When Wading— Tie strings to articles in your 
pockets, lest they fall out in the water and be lost. 

Tie Your Hat— To your back shirt collar with a 
piece of cord, (out of the way) foe windy days. 

Fish Early— And fish late. It is a good plan 
midday or hot noons to take a rest or choose shady 
spots and deep waters. 

Carry a Mosquito Hat.— Its worth its price, in 
an hour at times. Get it folding and pocket size. 

246 



^ 




No Fisherman or Angler— Should fail to pro- 
vide himself with a copy of the Fish and Game 
Laws of the United States. Price 25c. postpaid. 
Don't Wash Pish -When desired 
to keep them any length of time;,sim- 
ply draw and wipe them dry. Illus- 
tration shows how to clean and draw 
fish. 

Por Stream Pishing-— Use size G 
or H line; for lake fishing use F or G 
line; for still fishing use G or H line. 
In Pishing Prom a Boat-^Use 
adjustable rod holders, which can be 
adjusted to any angle on side or seat 
of the boat. 

Bucktail Bass Plies— Are made from the hair 
of a deer (buck) tail, the hair of which does not 
mat when wet. Bodies are of pure silk ribbed 
with tinsel, tied on hollow Sproat hooks. 

Good Trout Plies.— Brown Hackle, Parma- 
cheene Belle, Montreal, Silver Doctor. 

Por Tarpon Pishing— Use a stiff rod 6 ft. long 
(double handed.) 

Por Bait Pishing— Use a rod 6 to 10 ft. long, 5 
to 10 oz. 

Por Ply Pishing— 7 to 9 ft. long, 5 to 8 oz. 

Por Bait Casting— 6 to 9 ft long, 5 to 8 oz. 

Por Trolling— (If a rod is used) 6 to 8 ft. long 
12 02. or more. 

AH Round Rod— A combination (2 rods in one) 
a 2 piece bait or trolling rod and a 3 piece fly and 
casting rod making both, a 7 ft. and 9^^ ft. rods. 

When desired steel telescopic or jointed rods 
can be furnished. Valise or trunk rods of any 
well known woods used in the manufacture of 
standard rods. Lancewood, Greenheart in 2-3-4-5 
or 6 piece rods (any length, any weight) or 6 or 8 
strip hexagonal split Bamboo (finest rods made) 
made, if desired, especially to your order. Spiral 
or twisted split Bamboo or Silkien invisible rods 
made to order. 



Build a Large Bonfire— Where the reflection 
can be cast upon and about the waters. It will at- 
tract fish at night to that vicinity. 

South and West Winds— Are said by fishermen 
to be the best winds for fishing. 

A Pocket Pish Scales— Will correctly tell the 
weight of your capture. Weigh as soon as re- 
moved from water, as they lose weight after. 

Bass. Pike, Pickerel— When feeding, are alert 
toward shores or shallow waters. 

In Trout Pishing— Use a lively grasshopper. 
Get behind a tree or bank or crawl unseen to a 
very likely spot. Drop it in gently and move it 
on the surface (as if alive) and you will have sport, 
if they abound there, 

Practice Ply Castingf— In natural waters. Aim 
not for distance, but perfection. 

Dye Your Leaders— Mist color, using one 
drachm of logwood, 6 grains copperas, boiled in 
one pint of water. Immerse leaders for 5 minutes 
or until correct color is obtained. 

Wipe Your Lines— With a sponge or cotton rag 
so as to absorb the moisture when through fishing, 
or unreel and dry them when you get to camp, 

Mosquito Dope. — Annoint the face with mos- 
quito paste, or make preparations yourself as per 
receipts in the "Complete Campers Manual" (have 
you a copy?) 

Port and Starboard.— "Port" is the left hand 
side of a boat (looking forward;) "Starboard" to 
right side; "Windward^' the side the wind comes 
from; "Leeward," the other side; "Ahead," in front 
of the boat; "Astern," in rear of the boat; "Abeam," 
off the center of boat; on the "Quarter," either side 
of the stern of boat, for instance. Port or Starboard 
Quarter; "Amidships," center of boat. 

248 




1 



Boats, Canoes, Etc. 

To reach deeper waters and for following the 
course of new streams, rivers a^d lakes, or for 
trolling, bait or fly casting, skittfng. etc., for long 
and pleasant excursions and trips over water and 
for transporting outfits (into less fished or better 
angling waters) various portable, folding, telescopic, 
canvas or steel boats, canoes, skiffs, etc., are em- 
ployed, ranging from the Birch Bark Indian canoe, 
to the highest type of canvas, metal, alluminum 
or wood boats, capable of carrying from one to 
three or a party of one half dozen enthusiastic 
anglers or sportsmen all in a bunch. 

Often it is that waters too grow extremely shal- 
low and unnavigatable, necessitating a "portage" 
or carrying of these boats over difficult places, 
meaning hard and laborious work, were it not for the 
fact that even boats have been made for just such 
cases. For on long trips one must remember that 
there is not only the boat, but "duffle" (provi- 
sions and outfit) to be hauled likewise "to boat 
water'Vbefore the trip can be resumed, hence for 
such worktand the glories of sport and fish beyond, 
boats are required that are not only extremely 
light and portable, but lasting and durable besides. 

As thousands and thousands of anglers flock to 
the nearby brooks, streams and lakes adjacent to 
cities, it behooves those who have tne time to 
own their own craft and set out on wondrous jour- 
neys afar, where oftimes they are not only recom- 
pensed or repaid by the magnificent stretches of 
scenery, but which yields them record catches, 
that go far to make them famous. Often the nat- 

249 



ural currents of running waters too suffice to pro- 
pel such tiny crafts for a hundred mile trip or 
more, to where perhaps the foot of man rarely 
touches, and on the return trip all that is neces- 
sary is to hug close to either shore or side (usually 
they go up one side down the other) to have equal, 
pleasure and ease on the return trip, thus avoiding 
the current, which they took advantage of a while 
before. . , 

Boats for these purposes are made sectional, 
folding of light canvas or steel ranging in weight 
from 35 to 1 50 lbs., while the dimensionsvary from 
8 to 15 ft. and costing $15 to $50. Very many 
thousands being used in not only the waters ot 
this immense country, but in the waters that dot 
the earth. Here we illustrate and make plain to 
the eye, those that have for years been the favor- 
ites of prominent sportmen and anglers, and our 
readers make no mistake in the selection or pur- 
chase of either. Among the most noted makes 
are the following: Osgood, (canvas) Mullins, (steel) 
either of which can be used for any and every 
kind of fishing, 'hunting, exploring, pleasure or 
business purposes; and before concluding this 
chapter let me say no man or woman who has 
ever taken a canoe or boat ride on any richly bow-, 
ered lake or stream for the first time can ever for- 
get the joy and pleasure of- such a trip. Under 
,slow, easv strokes of the paddle or oars the grace- 
ful craft skims swiftly over the water with scarce- 
ly a ripple. At times the woods seem to feel the 
spell of silence. Onward, onward, new scenes fill 
the very soul and eye with delightful ins-piration. 
Even the most cold blooded money lender or mat- 
ter of fact man, cannot help but feel giateful 
for taking such a trip, and its memory will ever 
live green and fresh to him, and should perchance 
he possess a camera, scenes suffice to keep the 
button going in regiilar gatling gun fashion, for 
there are many other pleasures from a fishing trip 
besides catching fish. 




Portable Boats* Canoes and Skiffs 

Continued. 




Ideal Steel Boat. 

Flat Bottom Steel Fishing Boat. 12 ft. long; width 41^ inches; 

Depth 12 inches: weight, 115 lbs. 3 persons. 



Steel Sectional Boat. Packed. 

14x3 ft. 3 in. Depth 14 in. Weight 103 lbs. 






Steel Family Boat, 16x4 ft.; depth 15 and 25 in.; weight 160 lbs. 
For Six Persons. 



8, 12, 15 foot 
Sizes. , 




Duck Hunter's Favorite. 
Any Size for Individual, Party, Outfit or Club Uses 



251 




Boats of Canvas. Steel or Aluminum. Any Size. 





About 
Seining 

The forms of Nets 
•used vary according to 
Lake and River Seine. the manner in which 
they are intended to act. This is by either en- 
tangling the fish in their folds, as in the tramnel 
net, receiving them into pockets as in the trawl^ 
suspending them by the body m the meshes as in 
the Mackerel net, or imprisoning them within a 
labyrinth like partitions or spaces as in the stake 
net,'ov drawing them to shore as in the seine net. 
The parts of 
a net are the 
"head" along 
which floats 
are strung on 
the support- 
ing rope and 
the "foot" on 
which lead is 
coi led and The Fyke Net and Wing 

, weighted thereon. The mesh of these nets vary 
j^ ^ ..^^ ^ in size from 

^ ^ j<r ^ the minnow 

5-16 ♦ . . v^*^ ^ ^ seine H inch 

^ " ' -'^ *• square mesh 

78 • • • • JV ^ -t t <o the best 

^ O ^ cotton or lin- 

>^ ••••••••• ^ i^ '"C en sea, lake, 

% >w— -^^^^s*^ ^"^ ^*^^,r 

^^ >»** — ^*^ seine or gill 

^...... ■ ^ i| , "y^ ^ ^ net, with a 

-, ^ <^ ^ zYz in. mesh 

^ > ^ it as^per (half 

I *. "v^ ^ size) illustra- 

-^^^^^-ji^ *^ tion here- 

, / '^' -^ " ed measure, 

'^ • • JV jI^ ""^^^^^^ these in 

iVfL V ^ - square meas- 

^ ^ >- ^L ^ ure are one- 

ii^ N^ y _^ half the size 

♦"'' j^ ^^ given and 

One-Halt Size of Various Mesh. are made of 

253 



^P 




The above cui 



single selvedge, double selvedge or double mesh, 
as is shown and illustrated elsewhere; and all that 
is necessary in ordering them in these days, is to 
mention the kind of fish you want to catch, and 
the way you propose to fish for them; the size, 
depth and length you desire, whether single sel- 
sini-rsciv^,.. ooub>« s..«dg.. ooub.. Mcsh. vedge, double sel- 
vedge or double 
mesh, tarred, bark- 
ed or white (natur- 
al color,) whether 
you desire it all 
hung complete 
ready for use, or 

Sir»te» the dlHerent siylei o» selvedje and me»h. tl, g nettlRS" Onlv 

They range in size from the minnow seine, of 1% 
feet deep, 10 feet long, Y^ inch mesh, to the Tram- 
mel or gill set net or seine of 2 to 8 inch mesh, 20 
feet deep, a mile or more long. By their use a 
small creek, lake or pond can be almost cleared of 
every fish in its waters. They are arranged so 
that the f o o t 
touches the bot- 
tom, the head 
being stretched 
so as to give 
d?pth,by means 
of the hauling 
lines, and the 
seine or net forc- 
ibly dragged The Trammel Net 
from deep t o 

shallow water, when a half circle is made, cover- 
ing as great a water space as possible and thus 
hauled ashore. The proper handling of the head 
and foot ropes so as not to let the fish escape from 
either bottom or top, being the important qualifi- 
cations; for in a well handled net, the fish are 
gradually forced to the swelled or bellied center 
of the net. These seines vary in size from those 
small enough to capture a few minnows, to the 
Shad seine of several miles in length, worked by 
steam power, which sweeps 1,000 acres or more of 
jiver bottom. 

Much more was written concerning their use, 
but space, unfortunately, is too small to publish it 
at the present time. 




PISCATORIAL SELECTIONS ^- 



"The Salmon Leap" 

And when the Salmon seeks a fresher stream to find. 
Which hither from the sea comes yearly of his kind; 
As he towards season grows, and stems the watery tract 
When Tivv falling down, makes an high cataract, 
Forc'd by" the rising rocks that there her course oppose, 
As tho' within her bounds they meant her to inclose; 
Here, when the laboring fish does at the foot arrive. 
And finds that by his strength he does but vainly strive; 
His tail takes in his mouth, and bending like a bow 
That's to full compass drawn, aloft himself doth throw, 
Then springing at his height, as doth a little wand. 
That bended end to end, and started from man's hand. 
Far off itself doth cast; so does the Salmon vault 
And if at first he fail, his second somersault 
He instantly essays, and from his nimble ring. 
Still yerking, never leaves until himself he fling 
Above the opposing stream. 



"The Old Bass Ground" 

Our boat was a clumsy, leaky scow, made from an old barn 

Our poles were long and springy cane, bought at the village 

And the bait? Well sir, there's nothing that Bob and I ever 

found , , _ ^ . 

To equal a lively meadow frog on the Old Bass Ground. 

I recall the whopping "Bronzeback" I hooked after dark one 

He pulfed like sixty, thrashed about, and after an awful fight 
Got off! Gee! What a bier onel I knew by the pull and sound 
But we couldn't coax him out again from the Ola Bass 

Ground. 
You don't mean it, Bobl The bass is stil there? In that same 

quiet spot? . ,^ ^ , , ^o 

The bend of the little river, down by the old back lot? 
Tomorrow is June? Hang business! I'll go with you, ror 

I'm boi 
ad that i 

Grounc 



To find that grizzled "Bronzeback" I lost in the Old Bass 



'When the Bull-Heads Bite."^ 

Been thinkin', last few days. 

Of the times of long ago, ^ . . , 
When we youngsters went a-fishin , 

And it makes me feel as though 
I would like to try once more, 

With a bent pin for a hook. 
Just to catch a mess of bull heads. 

In some good old-fashioned brook. 



^^^ 




In a pool 'neath shadowy elms, 

Where the water is at ease, 
And the mud is deep as blazes. 

An along a row of trees; 
I would bait the hook with worms. 

Just as day was turn in' night, 
And ril bet in half a minute, 

I would have a bull-head bite. 

Bobber floatin' on the water, 

Quickly gtarts and sinks from view, 
And the willow pole is bendin', 

Got a bull-head— pounder too; 
Swallowed hoofer, and bait and all. 

Never left a bit of worm. 
Golly I ain't it f im a flshin' 

When the bull-heads bite and squirm. 



"That Trout." 

I've watched that trout for days and days, 
I've tried him with all sorts of tackle; 

Wiih flies got up in various ways, 

Red, blue, green, gray and silver hackle. 

I've tempted him with angle-dogs, 

And grubs that must have been quite trying, 
Thrown deftly in betwixt old logs. 

Where probably he might be lying. 

Sometimes I've had a vicious bite. 

And as the silk was tautly running. 

Have been convinced I had him quite; 
But't wasn't him— he was too cunning. 

I've tried him when the silver'moon 

Shone on my de^-bespangled trousers. 

With dartfish; but he was "too soon"— 

Though, sooth too say, I caught some rousers. 

I've often weighed him (with my eyes). 
As he with most prodigious flounces 

Rose to the surface after flies. 

(He weighs four pounds and seven ounces). 

I tried him —heaven absolve my soul— 

With some outlandish, heathenly gearing— 

A pronged machine stuck on a pole — 
A process that the boys call spearing. 

I jabbed it at his dorsal fin 

Six feet beneath the crystal water— 
'Twas all too short. I tumbled in. 

And got half drowned— just as I orter. 

Thou piscatorial, speckled wonder, 
Bright be the waters where you rise, 

And green the banks you cuddle under. 
Adieu, oh, trout of marvelous size ! 



^^I0k 




2S7 




Say—Ttiis is S£ort^^ ' ^58 



r 




Shot Gun Shooting Outfits 

The kind of outfit needed 
for sportsmen using the shot 
cun, depends ciiiefly on the 
kind of sport indulged in, 
s'eason of year and shooting 
ground. It is obvious that 
different equipment is need- 
ed where the hunter's route 
brings him about marshy 
wafers or low lands, as to that 
needed by those who fre- 
rouerit the brush, high wooded 
dry localities, or the open 
field. Ko one outfit can lie 
made to suit all occasions. 
If duck hunting in a boat, where one must keep 
a portion of the body perfectly still for hours at a 
time, a different oiitfit of dress will be required 
than w6r^,oriC! to choose ^ tramping route around 
the shores or borders. About marshy, shallow 
waters, it is essential that the hunter if afoot should 
be provided with waterproof, light and easy fitting 
leather bootee, sb as not to tire the feet.^ Rubber 
boots would Be apt to render him most uncomfort- 
able, where much tramping around is necessaty. 
On the other hand if little walking is to be done, 
and that llvwet and muddy, oftimes deep places, 
rubber boots of the hip variety would be essential. 
To cover all these requirements I deem it best to 
divide this chapter on outfits into three portions as 
follows: 

Outfits for Boats; Outfits for Low Lands, 
Marshes, Etc. and Outfits for Field and Brusb 
Sliootingf, taking them up in the order n^med. 

We will assume that tlie first is an outfit for the 
duck hunter, who usually starts out to his favorite 
grounds in the fall 'of the year, and who intends to 
remain in his boat, or blincjs constructed by him, 
for perhaps hours at a time, here warm, dry foot 
gear, clothing impervious to moisture will be 
needed; heavy woolen underclothing, woolen 
sweater and gloves and heavy hose; in addition a 
warm canvas, leather or oilskin jacket should be 
taken along, so as when chilled by a long wait, he 




^£^S 



(^ 



can receive additional protection; warm wristlets 
and an extra pair of dry woolei) socks can be car- 
ried in a handy pocket. If decoys are used, a pair 
of waterproof rubber gloves will come in handy 
when handling them or wet birds. Stowed in the 
boat somewhere, should be a small coffee pot and 
cup with a pocket stove and fuel (all packed in- 
side) and a little coffee and sugar, so as to refresh 
himself by a warm cup of coffee when needed; for 
these things, with a bite to eat, enables the sports- 
man when shooting is good, to spend the day 
profitably and pleasantly. 

If blinds have to- be built, a pocket axe, a heavy- 
knife, cords, etc. are essential. If time is to be 
spent in them, a grass colored rubber blanket will 
come in handy; and in your shell box plenty of 
.cartridges, a ball of string, and a few weights, etc 
so as to- anchor and manipulate your decoys, or as- 
sist y<?u in setting out dead ducks as additional 
ones. It is essential that your footwear be both 
warm and dry, as of all things cold feet in a boat 
or blind is distressing. Let the clothes be of dull 
grass color, always avoiding anything like black 
as too conspicuous. Even the boat had best be 
painted yellow so as to resemble the natural color 
of the grasses, or if winter time when snow and ice 
prevails, white is better. B/ all means strive to 
take along the essential things to make yourself 
comfortable, for it all contributes to the pleasure 
of a trip and the success of it. 

For the Outfit when tramping around marsh- 
es or wet low lands, the footwear is the all impor- 
tant item, and the condition of the locality you fre- 
quent should decide what is best to be worn. Per- 
sonally, except for wading, I dislike rubber boots, 
(yet there times when they are invaluable.) I pre- 
fer a good waterproof leather boot, (water repel- 
lent and well oiled) light in weight, easy fitting. A 
good, heavy woolen sweater with pockets, under- 
neath of which is worn a shell vest; this keeps out 
the cold equal to a leather jacket, and the pock- 
ets of the sweater enables one to carry sufficient 
shells handy, without inconveniently loading them 
down. A Bedell Game Skirt and Holder (see il- 
lustration) is a handy article for carrying both 
game and shells. Forheadwear a slouch hat or 



5^^^ 



^^K^^ 



cap should be worn (the former only in the rainy 
season) and the cap should be provided with ear 
flaps for use if necessary. Remember I am speak- 
ing now of fall or winter dress; it is unncessary to 
dwell on what should be worn at other seasons, as 
it is an easy matter to divest oneself of superflous 
clothing if too warm. 

If for Brush or Field Shooting— About the 
edges of thickets or woods, on dry ground, the boot 
can be dispensed with entirely (unless yoti' are used 
to them), for this 1 would advise if boots are de- 
sired at all, those of the three-quarter boot size, 
but what I. prefer is a good stout shoe and a pair 
of leggings — for this the "hunter's garb" mentioned 
in chapter on big game hunting is all to be desired. 
A sportsman should aim to be so appareled so as 
to make as little noise as possible; the more quiet- 
ly you can pass through the stubble or under- 
brush, without disturbing the feathered game you 
seek, until you are within range the better; 
mahy a sportsman has been annoyed by the 
noise his canvas clothing has made, when trying 
to steal within range of a covey of birds that he 
has located. If hunting with the aid of a good 
dog, it don't make much difference, but the less 
noise your clothing renders, the nearer and quieter 
you can approach out of range birds before flush- 
ing them. 

Tlie leggings should be of woolen cloth, prefer- 
ably to canvas, yet if the canvas be covered with 
cloth or buckskin it will not Qply be noiseless, but 
keep out the wet of moist dews or rain on the grdss 
should such conditions ppevail. Here the hunting 
sweater is again an all important item. Its 
color should be as before stated, tan, or if snow has 
fallen and covered the ground, white is equally as 
good if not better. One should- aim to have his 
clothing in keeping with the surroundings; usual- 
ly action keeps the body warm, and such an article 
as a canvas or leather coat can be dispensed with 
even the coldest of weather. A good flannel shirt 
covered with a light vest, if warm underclothing is 
worn, is sufficient for even the coldest of weath- 
er. It is unnessary to lug around a weighty or 
heavy coat; the secret is to travel light but 
right, and be clad in such garb that will absorb. 



moisture or heat of the body; and no argument can 
be brought in favor of canvas, corduroy or leather 
clothing as being essential, where activity is in- 
dulged in; where one has to sit in a boat or blind 
for h6urs, it is different. Here either canvas, cor- 
duroy or leather clothing is eminently satisfactory, 
but where constant traveling or moving about is 
possible and necessary, it is vastly different. One 
of the best arguments in favor of such clothing is- 
the variety and size of pockets, so conveniently 
placed and distributed about it, forming as they 
do, a veritable game bag, But as the Bedell Game 
Skirl (before mentioned) has all these conven- 
iences, the up-to-date sportsman can use his own 
judgment in the selection of either. In the matter 
of other equipment needed, note ihh various chap- 
ters under their 'respective headings — such as 
Boats, Blinds, Decoys, Shot Guns, etc. mentioned 
elsewhere. 




The New Automatic Shot Gun 

In the brief mention to which we are restricted 
at this time, we can not do this subject full justice, 
so merely give an illustration of the new Trap gun 
and another of the {)lain gun taken down for car- 
rying. This gun is the invention of John M. 
Browning, who also invented nine of the different 
model rifles and guns made by the Winchester 
Co ,-the three automatic pistols and the machine 
gun manufactured by the Colt Co.; and the Brown- 
ing automatic pistol,. made by the Fabrique Na- 
tionale de Guerre at Liege, Belgium. The latter 
firm is manufacturing the new Automatic shot gun, 
and as it also makes the Mauser rifle, and the ma- 
terial of both is similar, the strength of the parts 
and the workmanship of the new gun need no fur- 
ther comment. No castings are used in the auto 
"matic shot gun. The magazine is of cold drawn 
seamless steel tubing, and the principal parts are 
drop forged steel, while the barrels are of Cockerill 
steel, which in the Mauser rifles, withstands pres- 
sures several times as great as in this automatic 
gun. Every one of these guns is proved at the 
Belgian government proofhouse. Some of the 
claims for the new guri follow: // is hammerless^ 
has automatic ejector^ single trigger, is a re-^ 
peater and the slighter recoil does not disturb 
the shooter'' s position, so that a second or third 
shot may be fired quickly and with accuracy. The 
The eiin acts in this wise: At the discharge, the 
barrel and breech-bolt recoil, locked together, to 
the limit of their rearward movement, compressing 
the recoil and auction springs, and cocking the ham- 
mer, at which point, the carrier dog engages the 
operating slide. The recoil spring now moves the 
barrel forward, unlocking and opening the breech 
and ejecting the erapty^ell. The carrier latch is 
tripped by a cartridge from the magazine, which is 
then inserted in the chamber, the breech is closed 



264 




and locked by the action spring, and the gun is 
again ready to be fired by a pressure on the trig- 
ger. The magazine holds four cartridges, which, 
with the one in the barrel, makes five shots at the 
shooter's command. Cartridges remaining in the 
magazine while any number of shots are fired do 
not become headed at the crimp so they will not 
enter the chamber freely. The gun has two ex- 
tractors which withdraw the shell positively, even 
if the head be broken on one side. The hammer 
is light and quick; the trigger pull is smooth and 
easy. A safety catch, conveniently located in the 
trigger guard where it can not be nioved acddent- 
ally, securely locks the trigger, and as the trigger 
is also the sear, there is no possibility of the cart- 
ridge being discharged by a jar. Then, too, the 
trigger is so balanced that it can not be jarred off 
even when not locked. 

The gun is as safe as any on the market and in 
many respects it is the safest, but in addition to 
all this there is the solid breech. The receiver 
is solid 071 toPj which keeps rain, dirt, rain, etc., 
from falling in; but a point of far greater import- 
ance to the shooter, and one to which we wish to , 
call especial attention, is the fact that it is per- 
fectly solid in the rear. The breech-bolt does 
not slide out, nor is there any opening of any kind 
in the rear; consequently // is impossible ^TiovsxdX-^ 
ter what might occur, for gas, grease, firing-pin, 
breech-bolt, bursted head of shell or anything else 
to fly. back through the receiver into the eyes or 
face. But three models are made. They are, a 
plain gun. a trap gun and one for messenger or 
riot service. All sorts of extras may be had, how- 
ever,- and barrels of different length or boring can 
be interchanged quickly. The gauge will be 12, 
-and the standard length of barrel 28 inches. The* 
standard gun takes five cartridges, but the com- 
pany also makes one taking two cartridges. 
. The take down feature of this automatic shot 
giin permits the use of inter change able barxels 
by which the owner can change the gun from a" 
full or modified choke bore for field, duck, or trap 
shooting to a cylinder bore for, snap, brush shott- 
ing etc., thus having a variety of weapons practic- 
ally with the one arm by this remarkable weapon. 



265 



Types of High and Medium Grade Shot 
Guns. 




Reference Page for Shot Gun Shooters. 



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WHICH DO YOU USE ?67 




About the Shot Gun 

For the best all round shot gun I advise the se- 
lection of the i2-gauge, weighing about 7 to 8>^ 
lbs. Such a gun as this will be capable of render- 
ing excellent service for almost any purpose for 
which a shot gun can be used. If possible choose 
a "Hammerless Ejector,'* barrels 30 inch either 
full choke bored, or if you prefer, right barrel mod- 
ified choke, left full choke. If for duck shooting 
choose that of the 10 bore variety, about 9 lbs., 
both barrels full choke. 

Choke boring consists of restricting the interior 
of barrels near the muzzle \n order to bunch or 
crowd the shot, securing thereby greater force and 
penetration for long distance shooting. When this 
is done away with the bore is termed "cylinder," 
which for close shooting is excellent; but as the 
choke bore can be easil)^ made to scatter shot, at 
the same time carrying it closer and further, great- 
er killing qualities is secured, making it by far the 
better gun. The popular plan is as stated before, 
right, barrel modified (about half choke more or 
less) so as to be used for close range; left full choke 
for long range, thus securing a combination that 
is considered most effective. With such a gun the 
shooter by using ammunition of varied charges, 
can secure almost any results he could possibly de- 
sire. Many good shooters select a 32 inch barrel^ 
.but like everything else these things are a matter 
of personal selection, left to the user. 

In selecting a shot gun, personally I advise those 
of American make (of which there are many good 
ones) or such as L. C. Smith, Parker, Lefever, 
Ithaca or equal; all excellent weapons, any of 
which will do the trick of filling your bag, if you 
are capable; personally I see no great necessity of 
patronizing the costly imported grades. ^ I will ad- 
mit their qualities are good, for the merits of such 
guns as Greener, W. & C. Scott & Sons, etc., are 
not to be disputed, yet I believe honestly that the 
money can be put to better advantage in provid- 
ing shot and shells for practice, so as to renderone 
proficient. No man's abilities are to be judged 
by the name and grade of the weapon he carries, 
and American guns can hold their own AVith any 




of them, if handled right. Some of the best shots 
in the world are using them, and the way they 
shoot holes into European records with them, 
should convince anyone of their effectiveness and 
sterling worth. 

By gauging your loads (charging them) accord- 
ing to old and time tried principles, they will be 
right for any size of game or shooting for which a: 
shot gun can be used. About the next important 
matter is in i/ie Jit, it should be brought to the 
shoulder and aim^d at some object, and if it ad- 
mits of your bringing it into position without 
discomfort or stretching yourneck, is light and 
comfortable, natural like, when to the shoulder, 
enabling you to sight with ease, this is aboiit all 
that can be done until you test its shooting quali- 
ties by firing practice or use. Many a good gun is 
blamed, because the purchaser chose the one the 
'salesman liked the best. If its too heavy (for you 
might be a diminutive man) choose a lighter gun. 
All these things are essential points and shojild 
not be lost sight of; shooters, like guns vary, so'act 
accordingly; and if you consult a specialist in such 
things giving him data concerning yourself, exper- 
ience with other arms, and describing your wants, 
you will be surprised how well you can be served. 
If you are a crank on heavy loads let me advise 
the addition of a good recoil pad, which will lessen 
considerable the effects of recoil; another little es- 
sential to some shooters is a shot gun sight (as il- 
lustrated) even the ivory bead being superior to 
the ones with which they are usually provided. 

After selecting these things, about the next im- 

f)ortant matter is to find out by practice the best 
oads, adopting and holding to the standard in all 
caises, until by experience you are enlightened and 
rendered yourself competent to vary from them, 
then when you have mastered that knowledge you 
can adjust matters to your exact requirements by 
loading and making your own ammunition if 
you choose. 

To those about to select a shot gun I advise pat- 
ro;iizing some responsible dealer, who has a fair 
sized stock on hand to select from, thus enabling 
him to choose for you a weapon exactly as you 
need it; no responsible dealer will object to your 

269 



^?^S^ 



returning a gun several times until you are thor- 
oughly satisfied, provided you do not use the weap- 
on or abuse his w^arej; and if you send w^ith your 
order the necessary amount covering the cost, ev- 
en a half dozen could be sent you at any distance 
enabling, you to thoroughly satisfy yourself in its 
selection at your leisure. Too much care cannot 
be given these things, and mention of the fact 
should be given as to your size and weight, for it is 
obvious that a strong, long armed shooter, requires 
a different fit. thati the small and more delicate 
formed person, so act accordingly, take your time 
and secure the right weapon, and do not decide on 
your purchase until you have the article in your, 
hands, and can in every sense say to yourself, this 
is just the gun I have been wanting, for it fits me, 
right, and with such satisfaction as this, confidence 
will enable you to secure. results that could never 
be obtained from a weapon that did not just ex- 
actly suit you. It is an , easy matter to please 
those wholtBow what they want; the greatest diffi- 
culty is experienced from those who do not, and 
my advice to those is in all cases to consult some 
person whose experience in such fnatters (as the 
selection of guns for other and all classes of peo- 
ple) qualifies them to give youlhe benefit of such 
experience. 

Note— Many first class dealers allow shot guns 
to be targeted before final acceptance. 

(See also Points for Shot Gun Shooters.) 



r 




"The Duck Hunter's Camp. 
270 

fe:^r^^ 




Reloading Shot Guns 

The quantity of paper shells that are used in a 
year by shot gun shooters in this country is aston- 
ishing; it runs well up into millions, and until' ot 
late they were considered as worthless, an i were 
cast away after being once shot. Now, however/ 
the economy of reloading is becoming the univer-' 
sal practice by shooter?, for they can now pur- 
chase implements made especially to aid thetn in 
that line. 

Economy, however, is hot the' only^considera- 
tion. , :• It is an instructive, pleasurable pastime for 
shooters who like to experiment. Loading and re- 
loading of their own shells enables them to ascer- 
tain for their own individual benefit, what may be 
dpne-with this or that kind of powder, this or that 
combination of wadding, shot, etc. 

"While some are contented to have everything 
done for them, there are those who prefer to do 
for themselves. The latter are generally those 
who will know the whys- and wherefores, and to 
such the miking of one's arnmunition is as inter; 
esting and pleasurable as the shooting of it. Wheri 
black powder was universally used, there was but 
one style of paper shells, and one size and quality 
of primers for them, and if a charge varied from 
one to twelve grains, it did no particular harm. 
Airthis has been changed with the coming of 
smokeless powders, which will not permit of such 
a variation. Therefore, the first and greatest 
consideration is measuring powder accurately and 
uniformly. Unifoimity in the charge begets uni- 
formity in shooting. 

What is a drachm? There has been consider- 
able controversy as to what the standard drachm 
measure for measuring powder is. Of course, all 
recognize the fact that. a drachm, correctly speak- 
ing, is a weight;. sixteen drachms make one ounce 
Avoirdupois, etc., so a drachm is one-sixteenth of 
an ounce Avoirdupois {or whe7i converted into 
grains^ Troy or Apothecaries^ weight, one 
drachm Avoirdupois equals 2j n-32 grains 
Trdy\) When the drachm powder measure was 
originally made, it was supposed to be of the prop- 
er capacity to measure, in bulk, onc-sixtccnth of 

271 



an ounce -by weight of black powder, and sporting 
placic powders were nearly all of the same density. 
This, however, is not the case with the various 
smokeless powders, the specific gravity of which 
vary very much. 

The original Dixon drachm measure, No. U05, 
^was intended to hold drachms and fractions there- , 
of in weight, of Curtis & Harvey's' T- S. (British) 
No. 4 black powder. This measure has been gen-- 
eraily accepted as the standard. The. uniformity 
of the results when using this or any other dip 
■measure, however, depends upon the uniformity 
of the action of those using them. 

The old-time dipping with a hand measure, and 
striking the measure off flush, is not regular. Tap- 
ping the measure to settle powder, a'nd then strik-- 
ing it off is not uniform. You try to dip at th6 
same speed and depth, through a sufficient quan- 
tity of powder, and try to tap always exactly the 
same number of times, with exactly the same force,, 
yet your own results are variable, and others may 
not secure the same results that you do. 

For our own satisfaction, we carefully tested a 
Dixon No. 1105 measure, set at Mr^^ drachms, with 
results as follows: 

We first used Hazard's F. F. G. black powder 
dipped from a receptacle holding sufficient quan- 
ityx.0 insure uniform dipping, and and without hit- 
ting or jarring the measure, but striking it off 
flush, we secured 82>^ grains, which is within one- 
half of a grain of the correct weight in grains Troy 
for three drachms Avoirdupois. 

(See the table reducing drachms Avoirdupois 
weight to grains Troy or Apothecaries' weight. 

Going through the same operation again, and" 
hitting the measure once with a common lead pen- 
cil, then striking it off, the weight was 84 grains. 
When hit with a pencil twice, weight was 8$>^ 
grains. When hit with a pencil three tinies, 
weight was 88 grains, and when jarred by hitting 
the measure with a knife, which jarried the powder 
below the edge of the measure,' then filling the 
measure up again and striking it off we secured 92 
grains, which you will please note is q>^ grains in 
excess of the standard weight. Goins: through the 
same operation with the New "E. C." smokeless 

272 




powder, we secured weights as follows, in their 
order 33, 33'^, 35 ^^, 36K, 37^ grains. 

Now pleasenotethat with the Ideal measure set at' 
three drachms, and usmg Hazard's F. F. G. black 
powder, the weight secured was S2I4 grains, which 
is identical with the weight secured in the Dixon 
measure, using the same powder, when the latter is 
not jarred. This shows pretty plainly that the Ideal 
rrieasure and the Dixon measure are of the same ca 
pacity. We prove this over again, when with the 
New "E. C "smokeless powder, the Ideal measure 
when set at three drachms, will be found to throw 33 
grains, which is the same as that thrown by the 
Dixon measure, when it is used by simply dipping 
and striking off, without any hitting or jarring. 

With the Ideal Universal Powder Measure there 
is no hitting or jarring required. With a sirhple 
movement of the handle back and fourth, which 
all persons can do alike, the quantity delivered 
will be found regular and uniform. As to which 
should be the standard, each one must decide for 
himself. We, however, recognize no standard 
other than the Apothecaries'' Scales, ,\q> which all 
manufacturers of powder and ammunition refer 
when testing for scientific and accurate results. 

As most of the tables of charges published by 
the powder and ammunition manufacturers, in 
which they state that so many drachms and .frac- 
tions thereof are so many grains, were obtained by 
using the Dixon measure, which was jarred one 
way or another, we would say i.n reference to such, 
that with the Ideal measure not being jarred in any 
way, results possibly may be found slightly under 
the weights designated in the various tables; all of 
which, however, is on the safe side, and positively 
obviates all clanger of overcharges^ which is very 
essential when using some of the dense high pres- 
sure 'smokeless powders. 

As to the fact of how many grains weight of^this 
or that kind of smokeless powder, there may be in 
one, two or three drachms ^measure or fraction 
thereof, we do not say, but we are pleased tio state 
for the benefit of those who desire to secure the 
grains werght by measure of the various smoke- 
less powders as tabulated, that they can do so by 
setting the Ideal measures in accordance with the 
tables on the following pages. These tables are 

273 



Comparison of Weig-ht (by Grains) of Bulk Measure of 

Blade Powder, with the weight of the same 

Bulk Measure of Smokeless Powders. 

The figures in the first column are the graduations on the 
Ideal Loading Machine, Model 1899, which are for grains weight 
black powder only The other columns are comparative weights 
for Same f)ulk measure. 



tettun 

I BALLISTITE- 




Comparison of Weigrht (by Grains) of BulkMeasnre of 

Black Powder, with the Weig-ht of the same. 

Measure of Smokeless Powders. 

The figures in the first column are the graduations on the 
Ideal Loading Machine, Model, 1899, which arefor grains weight 
black powder only. The other columns are comparative weights 
for same bulk measure. 



[i 


ll 
|| 


'1 


i 


''is 


ill 
III 


III. 
Ill 


till 

m 


W^ OKJiIMa. 


«B8. 


•SB. 


aaa. 


«flB. 


OBB. 


«^M. • 


•u. n 


f 


leeaualg 7>4 


634 


193^ 


"~8>r" 




10 


934 


Ik 


17 " 


'8 


eVa 


20>^ 


9 




1034 


1034 { 


w 


18 •♦ 


8K 


7 


22 


9H 




1134 


11 


Wj 


19 " 


9 


7>^ 


23 


10 




12 


12 


w ^ 


J 20 " 


9X 


8 


24 


1034 ■ 


9 


1234 


i23e 


til- 


10 


8 


25K 


11 




13 


13 


m 3^2" 


io>^ 


8)4 


26>^ 


1134 




1334 


1334 




11 


9 


28 


12 




1434 


14 ll 


11^^ 


93^ 


29 


12K 




15 


14)4 


f 1 


E25" 


12' 


10 


30 


13 


11 


1534 


.15 


I 


Se " 


12>^ 


10 


3134 


133i 




1634 


16 i 


J 27 ♦• 
<28- 


13 


10% 


32J^ 


14 




17 


. 1634 1 


13K 


11 


S4 


1434 




18 


17 J 


529 •• 


14 


11>^ 


35 


15 




1834 


1734 ) 


c 


030" 


14K 


12 


36 


1534, 


1334 


19 


. 1834 1 




31 " 


15 


12>^ 


37% 


16 




1934 


J9 f 




32 •• 


• 15>^ 


13 


3834 


16)4 




20 


1934 ff^i 




S3 " 


16 


1334 


40 


n 




2034 


20 V 




34 •« 


1634 


133^ 


41 


1734 




21 • 


• 2^ \nl 




. 35 " 


17 


14 


42 


18 


^s 


22 


213^ '^1 




f 40 " 


1834 


17 


47 


21 


17 


27 


22 ■ % 
2434 ^1 


ljl45" 


20>^ 


19 


63 


24 


19 


2934 


28 ' IW 


Jeo" 


22)4 


2034 


683^ • 


26>^ 


21 


3234 


30 m 


255" 


25 


2234 


64 


29 


23 


3534 


3334 ^ 


( 


it 60" 


273^ 


2434 


70 . 


3134 


25 


3834 


3634 V 


1 


A165 " 


30 


2634 


76 


34 


27 


41 


39Xr \J 


f S 70 " 


32 


29 


81M 


3634 


29 


443^ 


^h' \ 


I u,75 " 
a 85 " 


3434 


31 


SIK 


39 , 


31 


4734 


\l 


3634 


33 


9334 


41>i 


33 


6034 


Vr 


39 


35 


9934 . 


44 


35 


5434 


ff^i/ 


1 <90 " 


41 


37 


10534 


4634 


37 


67 ■ 


Mr 


1 J 95 '• 


'4334i 


39 


111 


49 


8934 


60 


\lv 




I 100" 


46 


41 


117 


61H 


4134 


68>^ 


WiC 



Z?."* 






u 



compiled from samples of powders given to us by 
the inanuiacturers, and are changed or approved 
by them for each issue of our Hand Book. We, 
however, do not hold ourselves responsible for any 
changes in the powder that may be made after the 
tables are pnnted. 

All of the various powders on the market have 
friends, and all have their own particular merit. 
It is n<»t for us to advise one as superior to anoth- 
'er. The different manufacturers of powder, have 
by a long series of experiments, demonstrated to 
their own satisfaction the proper loads of their 
various powders for the different gauges, so we 
would advise following the instructions that usual- 
ly accompany each canister of powder. 

Many have an idea that to get strong shooting, 
they must use a larger wad than the regular sizes 
that they are loading, and that they must ram the 
powder and shot as snugly as possible; we believe 
this is wrong and we would not advise using wads 
la^:ger than the regular gauge that is being loaded, 
and in no case should a shell be enlarged beyond 
its normal size, by using large wads or by excess- 
ive ramming. Good elastic wads of the regular 
gauges are far better as a gas check, than hard 
wads that are one size larger; elastic wads expand 
in the gun at the time of discharge, thus prevent- 
ing any loss of pressure by gas escapement, and 
they are not so apt to expand the shell when being 
loaded, unless they are rammed too hard, which 
would cause trouble at the time of inserting the 
cartridge in the chamber of the gun. We receive 
requests occasionally to make the loading cham- 
ber a tight fit, to prevent the shell from swelling 
■when large wads are used. To such, we would 
state that as soon as a. large cartridge is expelled 
from a tight loading chamber, it immediately ex- 
pands and causes trouble as above. If the shells 
are not expanded in lodding^ there will be no 
trouble. 

There are almost as many ideas about wad- 
dmg as there are shooters. Our experience would 
say that there is no necessity for wads to occupy 
more than >^ to ^ of an inch of space in the shell. 
The quantity of wadding that may be required 

276 




must be determined by the space to be filled. If 
dense powders are being used, which take up but 
little space in the shell, high base shells, that are 
made especially for those powders, should be used. 
If shells are to be, loaded and kept long before be- 
ing used, we would advise a field wad on top of 
■the powder. This is placed next to the powder to 
avoid the possibility of grease destroying the pow- 
der if left in a warm place. If cartridi^es are to 
be used soon after loading, one good % inch pink 
edge or black edge wad will be all right, followed 
by a good H 'nch felt wad and a cardboard, on 
which is placed the shot. If shot is placed on a 
wad that, is too soft, the pellets will sometimes 
sink deeply mto the wad, causing it to keep com- 
pany with the shot, which is not beneficial. For 
shells that have been cut off short to be reloaded, 
we would recommend two H inch pink or black 
edge wads, and a cardboard before the shot. Re- 
member to leave % inch for crimping in every 
case.» Hard cardboard wads of large sizes should 
be avoided, as there is nothing that will destroy 
the choke in a fine barrel sooner. 

Whether shells are loaded by yourself or at the 
factory, it is well if using a repeating shot gun, tp 
test the cartridges, by inserting them all in the 
chamber of the gun before putting them in the 
magazine. This may prevent a jam at a time when 
it would cost more than the time it takes to gauge 
them. 

Cartridges will sometimes upset in the magazine 
being jumped together by the recoil of previous 
discharges. Loaded cartridges should be kept in 
a dry place, for dampness will cause them to swell. 

Cut "O" illustrates the Ideal Loading Machine 
Model 1899. It is provided with triple gradua- 
tions, which are as follows: One for drachms and 
fractions thereof, from %. drachm to 5 drachms. 
Anottier is for grains, from 40 to 140 grains, in 
marks 5 grains each,, for shot gun and larger rifle 
charges. Still another will accurately measure 
from I to 35 grains, i grain each mark; thus the 
smallest and largest charges desired can be se- 
cured. When the weather is humid and heavily 
charged with moisture, the cold metal of which 

277 



S^^;^^ 





a measure is com- 
posed, may con- 
dense the moisture 
on the inside, and 
cause the powder 
to adhere to the 
sides, therefore at 
s-uch a time extra 
care must be exer- 
cised in keeping 
the measures thor- 
oughly dry on the 
inside. These 
Loading Machines 
are made for lo, 
12, 14, 16 and 20 
gauges only. 

For those who 
desire to load and 
reload their shells Cut "O" 

we recommend machine with No. 
— Shell Receiver, for after paper 
ishells have been crimped and fir- 
ed, the muzzle is left soft and out 
of true, so that it is impossible to 
seat proper size wads on the 
charge, without tearing or dis- 
torting the muzzle of the shell. 

The cone shaped fingers of No. 
2 Shell Receiver (See cut "P") are 
made of light spring brass and ex- 
tend downward within the shell, 
and the wads can slip easily on 
the metallic surface thus afforded, 
and be seated on the charge as re- 
quired. This improved Receiver 
No, 2 has detachable screw top, 
and* wiU operate on varying 
lengths of shells from 2>^ to. 3 in- 
ches in length. 

No. 2 Shell Receiver for the 

Loading MacJ^ifte has proved so 

successful for reloading paper 

shells, that we have been requested 

by many shooters, who do not load in sufficient 

quantities to warrant jhe purchase of a Loading 

278 



^^^2^ 




Machine, to hi them up a cheaper portable hand 
iinplement embodying the same principles. Re- 
sponsive to these requests, we here illustrate our 
Straight Line Hand Loader 
(see cut "Q ") It may be 
used by being fastened to a 
bench (which is. preferred ) 
or not, as desired. They will 
be made for lo, 12 and i6 
gauge pnly. Parts "A" and 
"B" are different for each 
gauge; the part "C" is the 
same foi: aU'gauges. Those 
having a n videal Loading 
Machine, desiring a portable 
hand implement to take with 
them on a trip, may pur- 
chase the parts "A," "C" and 
"D" only, and use the Re- 
ce;iver that is with the Load^ 
ing Machine, as the part 
".^" in the "Straight Lme" 
H-and Loader is the same as ^"^ "Q'' 

Receiver No. 2 in the Loading Machine 

The Ideal Pocket Powder and Shot Measure is 
the smallest adjustable dipper made that is gradu- 
ated for shot and powder. It is graduated from 
I to iK, ounces of shot, and from 2/2 to 3^ 
drachms (black powder measure.) There are no 
screw threads or notches in the ad- 
justments. It can be set instantly 
to a fractional part of a grain. The 



'R" shows the handle 
broken off. 

Shells that have 
been fired and are to 

be used over again, 

should be re-sized and de-capped as 
soon as possible, and kept in a dry 
place. If the primers are allowed 
to corrode in the pockets of the 
shells, they can not.be easily expelled, and the 
pockets will be weakened. If shells are allowed 
to get wet after being fired, the hardness and 
toughness of the paper will be destroyed. The 
waterproofing, which contains a lubricant, is some- 




279 



what extracted by the heat at the time of dis- 
charge, thus moisture operates more quickly, caus- 
the shells to swell and the laps of paper to separ- 
ate, leaving the shells larger end weaker than when 
they were first withdrawn from the gun. Reject 
all shells that are torn, stripped lengthwise, or 
frayed on inside. 

We do not find the highest price metal lined 
shells as good -for reloading as the medium grades, 
such as the U. M. C. Smokeless and Nitro Club, 
Winchester Repeater, Blue and Yellow Rivals, 
Peters New Victor, etc. If shells expand so they 
will not enter the chamber of gun freely, they must 
be resized. It will be found best to resize them 
before other operations, on account of the metal 
forming the head and reinforcement in some shells, 
being so thin and light that they are not strong 
enoughto be pushed out of the resizing die with- 
out bulging the head. Such shells are useless. 
Be sure that all shells will en- 
ter the charnber of your gun be- 
fore reloading, and it is well to 
•be sure that all loaded cart- 
ridges will chamber freely, es- 
pecially if you use a repeater. 

We find there is a difference 
in the sizes of the various shot 
gun chambers. For some guns 
the shells require to be sized 
smaller than for others. The 
Ideal Shot Shell Resizing Die 
(see cut "S")is a double-ender. 
If the shells are first driven in 
the end marked "i," they will 
be found correct for most guns; 
if, however, they are still tight, 
drive them in the other end af- 
ter being first resized in the end 
marked "i." Shell Resizing 
Dies are made for lo, 12, and 
16 gauge only. 

One of the seemingly insigni- 
ficant things about reloading 
paper shells is the re-capping 
and de-capping. 




B 



There is a great variety of forms and shapes of 
the inside base, each designed by the manufactur- 
ers of the shells to meet the requirements of the 
various high and low pressure, dense or bulk, 
smokeless powders with which they are to be 
loaded. To properly ignite these various pow- 
ders there has been a great variety of primers 
manufactured; they have been specially designed 
to hold the proper charge of the different com- 
pounds, and'are of different shapes, lengths and 
diameters, so that to meet the present require- 
ments the simple old style recapper and de-cap- 
per is of no use whatever. 

Heretofore, the shells have been held by the 
outside rim or head with* no inside support, and the 
force required to insert or seat the primer concaves 
the head of the shell, thus carrying the top of the 
p7'inier beyond the proper reach of the firing pin y 
and causing misfire. The great variation in the 
shape and the thickness of the base, together with 
the variety of lengths and diameters of the primers, 
makes it impossible for the old style hinged lever, 
with an inserting punch moving on a circle, to 
reach the varying heights of the top of the prim- 
ers, which should receive the pressure centrally on 
the top, and should be pus,hed into the pocket of 
the shell on a straight line. 

There is only one part of the shell that has not 
been changed, and ttiat is the outside dimensions; 
that part can hot be changed very much and fit the 
various standard chambers of shot guhs. 

Therefore, the outside of the shell is used for a 
guide only, in both operations of re-capping and 
de-capping. The inside stud or pin is small 
enough to escape all of the various shapes and 
sizes of the base of the shells, and all shells rest on 
and are supported on the top of this inside stud, 
the end of which is small enough to permit either 
the solid paper base or metallic pocket to rest up- 
on it, and all of the pressure exerted is received on 
the top of the pin or stud. There can be iio con- 
caving of the head or receding from the pressure 
applied on the lever. 

The Ideal "Straightline" Re and De-Capper(see 
cut "T") is claimed will re and de-cap any and all 

281 



shells with central fire holes whether of domestic 
or foreign manufacture, brass or paper, from lo to 
28 gauge, without any extra parts, exceoting a 
a bushing for each gauge. It 
makes no difference what the 
^hape or size of the shell may 
be on the inside, or what the 
tliickness of the head, or what 
primer may be required. 
We would advise expelling^ 

\^P liLJK the old 

IW^ lihiiR ^.dH^K^ primers as 

soon as 

po s s i b 1 e 

after being 

fired, or corrosion 

will weaken the 

primer pocket, and 

the old primers will 

stick as if they 

were soldered in. 

If pocket of shell 

has been corroded, all of the corrosion ntusl be 

scraped out before seating a new primer for the 

soft copper primers cannot be forced into this cor- 




When reloading shells that are to be used again 
the same length as they originally were, without 
cutting them off, they should be rolled or ironed at 
the muzzle. This operation hardens and solidifies 
the soft portion that has been previously crimped. 
It also straightens out the wrinkles, and leaves the 
muzzle in better form to receive the wads. If the 
muzzle of shell is irontd before being inserted in 
the No. 2 Shell Receiver, it will prevent injury to 
-the springs which is liable to occur by forcing in 
shells, the muzzles'of which are left ragged and 
doubled up. At every club shoot there are quan- 
tities of shells of various kinds used and cast away, 
most of which maybe used again two or' three 
times. The longer ones may be cut off to any- 
.length desired, and they will be found as good as 
new. The Ideal Shell Trimmer illustrated, (see 
cut "U") is a very satisfactory implement for this 

f)urpose. With it, shells m,ay be cut off any 
ength, from three and one-quarter to two inches. 
These Trimmers are made for all sizes from lo to 
28 gauge. 

Last, but not least, is the operation of crimping. 
There is as much depending upon the uniformity^ 
and perfection of the crimp, as there is upoh any 
other, one thing in loading, or reloading paper 
shells. 
' Many have an idea that to-, get strong shooting' 
the whole charge must be rammed very hard,ana 
the powder, shot and wadding crimped as snugly 
as it is possible to force the loaded shell up against 
the crimping head, the shortness of the leyeron 
the crimping tool alone preventing the cartridge 







Imperfectl 
Crioop. 



Square 
Crimp, 



Round 
Crimp. 



from being crushed. Occasional complaints are 
made that the crimping tool spoiled the shells, 
and samples of work done have been sent us, as 
per illustration of end of imperfectly crimped 



283 



The same thing may be caused by using too 
large wadding, or ramming so hard that the body 
of the shell is enlarged or distorted. Remember 
that the shot shells are only paper, and that they 
are made correct in size at the factory. If they 
are enlarged so that they can not enter the crimp- 
ing head properly, results may be expected as per 
illustration "E." A crimping tool that will oper- 
ate perfectly on an empty shell, should do the 
same kind of work on one that is loaded, if it has 
not been distorted in wadding or ramming, for 
forced too hard in crimping. Forcing will rough- 
en and spoil a good crimp. 

To insure a perfect crimp, at least one-quarter 
{)i) of an inch of the shell must be left without 
wadding, the cartridges should be forced up slow- 
ly, and the crank or crimping head revolved rap- 
idly. Do not force shell faster than it is crimped, 
and when the end of the shell is turned over firm- 
ly upon the wadding, stb1>, and results will be sim- 
ilar to illustrations "C" and "D," showing perfect 
square and round crimp. Continued pressing af- 
ter shells are sufficiently crimped, results in 
injury. 

Until the coming of the repeating shot guns the 
square crimp was universally preferred. The us- 
ers of the repeating shot guns find that the square 
crimp will at times catch on entering the chamber 
when being inserted by the mechanism; therefore, 
the round crimp is required to obviate that trou- 
ble. All heads for Ideal crimpers are furnished 
with one set of pins each for turning the round and 
square crimp, as per illustrations "C" and "D." 

To properly crimp shells thot have been ri?- 
./^«^<f(/, especially those that have not been cut 
off, but have the soft muzzle, we would advise a 
straightline crimper, such as Star Crim.per No.- i 
(See illustration "V " With such an implement 
the shells cannot be bent by being cramped. 



284 ^ 




Cut "V" 



f 



shell. Tills -shows that the shell has been forced 
so hard that it has been upset or enlarged while fti 
the crimping head. 

Crimping shells that have been fired, is very un- 
satisfactory on account of the muzzle of the shell 
being, left dry and without lubrication, which has 
been extracted by the heat at the time of dis- 
charge. This deficiency may be supplied by dip- 
ping the end of the shell about one-sixteenth of 
an inch into hot beef tallow, which penetrates in- 
to the fibres of the paper. This may be done af- 
ter the shells are loaded, before being crimped; 
anypne trying this will be surprised at the great 
improvement. When old shells ate so treated the 
crimping on them will be found equal to that on 
new shells; ih fact, it improves the work on many 
new shells, as some of them have not as much lub- 
rication in the woterproofing as others, and this 
tlllow treatment supplies the deficiency and in- 
jures none. 

Shells that have been fired and the soft muzzle 
not cut off. must be forced into the crimper very 
slowly, and the head revolved as rapidly as pos- 
sible. 



285 




A head that is correct in size for a new shell, 
may be too small for a shell that has been fired. 
An expanded shell can not be reduced in size at 
the muzzle by forcing it in a small head. The pap- 
er will crinkle or fold on one side every time. In 
such cases, we would advise an extra head that is 
larger, for the shells that hnve been fired. When 
ordering sucli special head, select several shells 
that are of the largest size that will go in the cham- 
ber of your gun freely, and send them to the manu- 
facturers for special heads to fit 

The Ideal Star Crimpers are the only ones on 
the market that work positively on a straight line, 
that will permit of interchangeable heads, follow 
ers, and pins, and that will turn the various crimps 
as shown in illustrations "C" and "D " Only one 
Star frame is required for lo, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24 and 
28 gauge. A different grip is required for the 24 
and 28 gauge 

If the few suggestions given in the preceding 
pages are found of interest or value to the beginner 
or inexperienced, my work is well done and I am 
satisfied. If can I be of further service to any of 
the readers, I will be pleased at all times to an- 
swer correspondence, or to supply you with either 
of my other manuals, as is mentionted on the 
title page; each of which will be mailed on=receipt 
of your order and loc in stamps or coin, by ad- 
dressing the author. 




4.;,:,^^^^^^^^^^'^^^^^^"^ 




See Hints tor Shot Gun Shooters. Jttc. 



a&7 



Powder Flashes 



I 
I 



V 



Hints to Amateurs. — Use care in filling shells, 
to obtain uniform loads powder and shot should be 
accurately measured; try and get them all alike. 
Don't break the grains by pounding the powder 
(and never compress Nitro powders^ 

Por Traf> Shooting^ — At inanimate targets the 
following is a popular load for a lo-gauge gun, 4 
drachms Hazard^ s Trap Powder No. 2; two No» 
9 and and one No. 10 black edge wad (spilt) in or- 
der named; one and one-fourth ounces (dipped 
measure) chilled shot No. 8; one-half of a No. 10 
black edge (split) or shot shell crimped. Many 
shooters prefer three and three-fourths drachms 
of powder, and this quantity of Trap No. 2 is suf- 
ficient. It is desirable to have a light paper wad 
next to powder to prevent the grease from wads 
affecting it. 

Charges for Breech Loaders — For guns under 
8 lbs. in weight, 12 bore, 3 to 3^^ drachms Hazard 
Powder, \y% ozs. shot. 10 bore, 3X drachms pow- 
der, lYz ozs. shot. 

Guns Over 8 lbs. in Wpight — 12 bore, 3 to 3>^ 
drachms Hazard powder, \% ozs. shot. 10 bore, 
334^ to 4 drachms powder, \)i ozs. shot. 

£xact Amounts—To give satisfactory results 
can only be determined by repeated trials — Guns 
like shooters vary. The distribution of shot can 
be increased either by decreasing the quantity "of 
powder, or increasing the charge of shot. To pro- 
duce better penetration, increase the .powder, de- 
crease the shot. 

Hazard's Trap Powder. — No. i (fine), No. 2 
(medium), No. 3 (coarse). No. 2 is popular for 
both trap and field shooting, being slightly quicker 
than F. F. G. Kentucky. 

Duck Shootingf Powder.— No. r fine to No. 6 
coarse; finer size for field shooting, the coarser for 
water fowl. 

Look Out Por Accidents. — Never compress 
Nitro powders. Black powders require compres- 
sion, but to do this on Nitro powders might lead to 
serious results (a funeral perhaps.) 




288 

6P 



Por Dupont Smokeless Powder. 

Shells.— Use shells adapted to bulk smot^less. 
powder. 

Powder. — The best loads for a 12-gauge gun are 
2^, 3, and 3X drachms, standard measure filled 
and struck. The smaller loads give slight recoil,, 
high velocity, and very close pattern, and are well 
adapted to general shooting. For a quick, far- 
reaching load, 3X drachms is recommended. With 
this charge a close pattern is maintained and the 
necessary lead on quartering birds greatly re- 
duced. 

Wads.— In general, one trap or field wad, two or 
three black edge wads, and a thin cardboard wad 
over the shot wiH give excellent results. One tard- 
board, one white felt, with black edge wads to fill, 
will be found equally satisfactory for use over the 
powder. Wadding ought to be chosen of a thick- 
ness that will leave from a quarter to three-eighths 
of an inch for a tight crimp and the wads should 
be seated firmly on the powder charge. 

10 gauge guns, 3 to 4 drachms and 1)4 oz shot. 
13 gauge guns. a% to 334 drachms and l, 1^, or :>4 oz. 
shot. 

New Schultze Smokeless. 

••E. C-" No. 1, "New E. C." and "New Schultze" 

are Bulk Powders. 

I Drachm measure "E. C." No. i weighs 14 grs. 
avoirdupois. 3 drachms measure "E. C." No. i, 
weighs 42 grains avoirdupois, etc., while i dram 
measure "New Schultze" or "New E. C." weighs 12 
grains avoirdupois, 3 drachms measure "New 
Schultze" or "New E. C." weighs 36 grains avoir- 
dupois. 

Proper Loads of These Powders are 

20 Gauce pjuns, 2 to 2V^ drachms by measure. 
16 Gauge guns, ]4 to 2^i drachms by measure. 
12 Gauge gur.s, 2% to 3V| drachms by measure. 
JO Gau°:e e;uns, S\a to 4\4 drachms by measure. 
8 Gauge guns, 4)4 to 6% drachms by measure. 

Always use paper shells adapted to Bulk Nitro 
Powders, and place enough tight fitting wads over 
powder, firmly pressed down, to leave about X ii^« 
of paper for a solid crimp 

289 



The Perfect and Imperfect Crimp. 

c C D 





E — The imperfect crimp. C — The square crimp. 
D— The round crimp. 

C and D are correct crimps. 

Walsrode Powders.— New Green for shot guns 
12 gauge, 30 grains; 10 gauge, 38 grains. WolJ 
Smokeless, (the new Walsrode) 12 gauge, 32 to 36 
grains or 2 drachms; 10 gauge, 48 to 52 grains or 
yA to y/2 drachms. 

Loads for Rifle Powders— (Dupont Smokeless 

No. 45, 70,405, 28 grains. 38, 70, 255, 25 grains; 
for high power rifle use 30 caliber annular smoke- 
less rifle powder; 303 Savage, 29 grains; 30-30 
Winchester or Marlin, 26^^ grains. 

Iiaflin & Rand {Lightning Smokeless— 30-30 
Winchester, 23 grains or 1 y^ drachms; 303 Savage, 
27 grains or 1% drachms; 303 British, 28 grains or 
I and 5-l6drachms. 

Walsrode Higfh Pressure Rifle Powder - 30-30 
or 303 Savage, 25 grains. 

Two good loads for Trap work. No. i — 3 drams 
Hazard Smokeless, i No. 12 trap or field, i No. 
12 whije felt, V% in. i No. 12 black edge, Yz inch. 
iX ozs. No. 7>^ chilled shot. Space for good 
crimp. 

No. 2—3 drachms Hazard Smokeless, i No. 12 
card. 2 No. 12 black edge, X >n. i No. 12 black 
edge, y%\Yi. i}i ozs. No. 7}4 chilled shot. Space 
for good crimp. 

Still another one— 3 drachms Hazard Smokeless. 
I No. 12 top shot wad. 3 No. 12 pink edge, ^ in. 
i>^-ozs. No. 7^ chilled . shot. Space for gqod 
crimp. 



Grass Hunting Suits, Shore and Boat 
Blinds, Calls, Decoys, Etc. 




7— Hunting Grass Suit. 1— Duck Call. 



9— Hunting Qrass Suit. 



4— Allen B— Goose and 

Duck Call. Crane Call. 




10-WacUngBoot6. 



11-Boat BUnd. 291 18-Wading Boots. 




The Grass Suit. 



About Blinds. 

(For shore, wear, or boat uses.) 

In these days it is unneces- 
sary to go into derails as to* the 
methods of constructing blinds, 
stands, etc., for the reason that 
'the sportsman cjr duck hUnter 
can obtain them at slight cost, 
put-up in portable form for 
either weaf, boat or shore, as 
occasion requires, as a glance 
at the page of illustrations 
(which accompanies this article) 
"shows; Grass Hunting Suits be- 
ing now extremely popular for 
wild Goose, Duck, or all kinds of water fowl 
shooting. These are made ready for immediate 
use, of dry, long,, .tough marsh grass, into suits 
•(cape, coat and hood) convenient to wean and 
^hootfrom; weighing about 4 lbs. and really hiak- 
ing good snow'and rain proof garments "as well. 
Hunters appreciate these, as it really does away 
with the ■ thankless, difficult work of building 
bl.inds or bough houses, so necessary before these 
were introduced. They fit practically any person, 
really .converting them into a semi-natural ^roze/^A 
ofrushes, hay or wheat stack. If shore blinds 
are desired, they are made in standard lengths and 
roils qi 6x2 feet, by which ashore blind can be' 
made of any length, size or shape desired, giving 
ample room for a seat, and supplied even with 
"stocks" or supports, to be fastenedand 
set up anywhere. Usually two of these 
lengths construct an admirable, roomy 
sized ^'■shore blind.'"' On the' other 
hand, if a ''Grass boat blind''' is desired 
they are made in lengths of 5 ft. 10 in. 
by 27 ijiches, made to resem- 
A^yle wild rice, rushes, marsh 
grass, etc.; rolling "compactly 
in a small roll, each piece b6- 
ing supplied with 
sticks -which fit into 
screw eyes screwed 
in rail (or gunwale) of 

292 




s 



boat, making them easily adjusted.. Usually four 
pieces are sufficient to go around an ordinary boat, 
while if desired one side of the boat only need be 
used for a blind. In :the methods- of use, or con- 
struction, the illustrations convey an accurate idea; 
while their price is such that many thousands of 
Sportsmen choose to use them in prefeVenc^ to the 
long and arduous task of buildmg them from ma- 
terial on the grounds, which is a very difficult ai'nd 
sometimes impossible task. 

In the arrangement or construction of blinds, it 
is always best lo locate them in such-position that 
the ducks or fowls will not have to first pass over 
the blinds to reach the decoys, or come within 
range". • No matter how carefully you arrange 
blinds, ducks can perceive them and are able to 
distinguish the fraud, (hence they are apt to avoid' 
them.)- Again, in arranging your decoys, when 
ever possible, set them as far out in open water as 

Eossible (within range) and to leeward of your 
linds; although at times to windward is the bet- 
ter plan. This depends greatly on surroundings, 
for at times conditions are such that one has to tax 
their ingenuity to do either. The whole secret 
however, is to so locate and erect your blinds so 
as they can not be seen by foivl approaching on 
■the wing, and to arrange your decoys (head to the 
wind) in such a way as they can not be hidden^ 
but are to the contrary in plain view from all 
directions. Let them drift off, and with a cord 
occasionally bring them to your vicinity, as though 
it were a living flock of ducks moving about from 
place to place; feeding and resting. 





a 



birds are deceived into 
approaching, and even 
settling- amongst what 
appears to be a cozy and 
safe retreat or feedingi 
grounds; not realizing the 
fraud until the sportsman 
has thinned their ranks, 
by quick and deadly shooting. These are now 
considered as a mo?t important part of the duck 
hunter's outfit, and are made in infinite variety of 
forms; so deceptive in appearance as to often get 
shot at by the sportsmen who are using them, who 
at times can barely distinguish them from the real 
thing*. They are made of wood (folding) in imi- 
tation of Mallard, Canvas Back, Red Head, Blue 
Bill," Pin Tail, Widgeon, Sprigtail, Blue Winged 
Teal, etc (even with glass eyes) weighing when 
packed, from 7 lbs. per dozen to 30 lbs. Again 
they are made of waterproof cloth over -vire 
frames, with anchors complete, each being a, size 
of 16x14x7 inches; being very compact and weigh- 
ing about I lb. each; a dozen of which packs into 
the handy box shown in illustration which 
heads this chapter. Othersof canvas, all painted, 
durable and lifelike, weighing 7 to '14 lbs. per doz. 
according to grade and kind. 

If geese decoys are desired, these are made so 
as to be set up on land for field shooting*, weigh- 
ing from 14 to 24 lbs. a dozen, according to grade 
arid price. In the matter of "Calls" many sports- 
men of long experience can imitate and send forth 
calls with a degree of marvelous imitation, while 
others cannot even pucker up their h'ps and whis- 
tle. For this all sorts of excellent calls are pro- 
vided, among which the "Allen Duck Call" has 






294 



won its way to the heart of the most skeptical 
sportsman or duck hunter. By their iilea,ns 
Snipe, Turkeys, Ducks, Geese, or Cranes can be 

perfectly imitated, if the well known kinds be se- 
lected. The sportsman should however, use care 
in the selection of those that have not been found 
by extensive use, t > be perfect. The most well 
known grades being illustrated in connection with 
the Blinds and Decoy^ shown elsewhere 

In the setting out dif decoys, many sportsmen 
make the mistake in arranging them in such posi- 
tion that. the ducks must necessarily pass over the 
blinds before they can observe them; this is wrong. 
Decoys should be always placed so as the ducks 
will observe the decoys first; otherwise they will 
surely observe the blinds and detect the fraud; 
thu^ they will swerve away. Generally speaking, 
always set your decoys to leeward of your blinds, 
well into the open waters, where they can be very^ 
plainly observed by ducks that are on the wing." 
Never set them on the edge of, or in close prox- 
imity to your blind, but well out into the opening 
or clear water, where they can be easily observed 
and plainly kept in sight. In short the whole sec- 
ret is in arranging your blinds, so as they can not 
be observed; and in arranging your decoys so as 
jthey can. The more you can conceal your blinds 
and the more prominently you can display your 
decoys, the: better success will attend your efforts. 





About 
Boats 

One of the most 
essential things for 
the duck hunter in 
partieular, sports- 
men in general, is 
the possession of a 
staunch yet light 
and portable boat. 
These are made in 
infinite variety of 
aluminum, she e t 
steely canvas or 
wood. It .should 
be capable of car- 
rying a good, load 
safely and require 
but little water, so 
as to slide safely over shallow places; beside this 
It must be capable of being easily lifted on the 
shoulders and carried from point to point', be a 
sea or rough water boat and capable of standing 
lots -of hard knocks— in short have the carrying 
capacity o/ a s row, a\\ the ease of propulsion so 
noticeable in the clinker boat, and without- its 
crankiness. It must be a safety so as not to sink, 
safe on treacherous streams and rapids, capable of 
not being damaged by snags or rocks. The birch 
bark canoe has all these points except for dura- 
bility. Hence a score of rnanufacturers vie with 
each other to produce an all around boat. To 
those desiring to purchase, I advise a perusal of 
the various grades illustrated herein or in the 
'■^Fisherman's ManuaL\^ recommending particu 
larly those that can be packed in small> conven 
lent compass, and stored in a chest, so as to be.; 
shipped as baggage. Some of these boats (not^ 
ably the Clark-Devine) are so arranged as to; 
form a packing case for tent and other portions of 
a sportsman's outfit; or if a still more portable 
boat is required, the Osgood Foldiug Canvas Boat 
is all that is to be desired. Another excellent boat 
extremely popular is the Mullins Steel Boat; or 



296 



Aan 



in fact any of them illustrated herein or those 
mentioned in the "Fisherman's Manual." Many 
of these boats are supplied with air chambers, ren- 
dering them practical life boats. 

These steel boats are built of heavily galvanized 
"AppoUo" steel. Each strip is cut from a special, 
pattern and made to conform without strain to the 
beautiful curves that distinguish this line of boats 
from all other craft, and gives to them that grace- 
ful poise in the water that isdistmctive, and draws 
forth praise from all who see them. The lapping, 
seaming or grooving of the steel strips is by a new 
process, used only in these boats. By its wse leak- 
age is absolutely impossible. The steel boat will 
last forever. It cannot rot. The heavy galvaniz 
ing protects it from rusting, and it is so staunch 
that a blow from an axe that would fell an ox will 
hardly dent a good steel boat. They have been se 
verely tried out in stumpy water where wood boats 
had been stove in numerous times; they have been 
taken down rocky rapids in trout streams and came 
through uninjured, where a wooden boat of equal 
dimensions could not have been made strong 
enough to stand the knocks and jars. They will 
not check or crack nor get out of shape, because 
there-is no strain anywhere, all the pretty curves 
are natural, and they have a much handsomer, 
cleaner appearance than the wooden boat that 
must inevitably become water-soaked and rotten. 




Scenes Along and About Marshes 




Wild Fowl Shooting With 5oat9 and Decoys. 3QP 




About Dogs 

The prevalent belief at 
the present day regarding 
the origin of the domestic 
dog, is that it is the result of 
the crossing of various spe- 
cies of wild animals, notably 
the wolf and jackal, which 
the Savages were wont to 
capture when young, confine 
and train for their own uses. 
Darwin has shown us that 
the fear of man in all ani- 
mals is an acquired instinct, 
for it is a well known fact, of which the writer can 
testify to from personal observations in the Arctic 
regions, that both birds and animals at times, in 
interior portions of that country, were so unused 
to man, that they permitted so near approach that 
they could almost be caught by hand. 

The Savages have been known in all parts of the 
world, to cross their captured or tamed semi-wild 
dogs' with wild animals, to improve the species. 
The. American Indian's dog or that of the Esqui- 
•rrcatLX' IS known to be a species of the wild wolf, 
and It has been said that the species of stag-deer or 
sheep hounds, have been crossed with the animals 
they have been named after. The wolves of Hun-, 
gary, India, even America are hardly distinguish- 
able to-day from the dogs of these countries; and 
there are tamed wolves, that in their gentleness, 
love of their masters, and intelligence shows the 
true dog-like capacity. Their period of gestation 
(63 days) agrees; and wolves and jackals, when 
tamed evince the same points, when carressed or 
petted by their masters; jumping about for joy, 
wagging their tails, lower their ears, and lick the 
hands, crouch down, and even throw themselves on 
the ground belly upwards; or carry their tails be- 
tween their legs, and howl when hurt or frightened. 
The habit of barking however, is more or less culti- 
vated, and appears to be capable of being lost and 
again acquired.' The Egyptians, Greeks and Ro- 
mans bred their war dogs thus; and like the wild 
^animals mentioned, the dog of to-day is mostly 



tarnivo.rious, preferring for foods, flesh that is 
slightly putrid. In drinking it laps with its tongue 
and never perspires, except by a hanging tongue, 
and fluid that drops from it 

By the attention of man, dogs have by careful 
selection and intercrossing, been moulded into 
infinite variety of forms; retarding certain senses, 
and increasing others, there are few human pas- 
sions not shared by ^he domestic dog; many of 
which has been taughf%im by his master; for like 
him it shows anger, jealousy, love, envy, hatred, 
grief, gratitude, pride,, generosity and fear. It is 
known to sympathize with man, and numerous in- 
stances can be cited of its sympathy with other 
animals. It remembers,, and is thus assisted by 
association of ideas; it is imaginative, which is 
proven by their dreams of pursuing game in its 
sleep. _ It is subject to shame and seems to know 
when it has done wrong, for it will oftimes submit 
to punishment. It shares with rhan fear of un- 
known things, and a courageous dog will oftimes- 
become startled and tremble at the rustle of a leaf 
if sudden. 

In the selection of a dog for sporting purposes, 
it is an easy matter for the sportsman nowadays to 
choose the best. 

For a water dog— duck hunting, etc., a retriever 
is essential; a cross between a Newfoundland dog 
and a setter being a good choice.' If a smaller, 
yet efficient animal is preferred, a cross between a 
Setter and Spaniel is desirable, or a Retriever 
and Spaniel. The choice of the American Duck 
hunter being that of the Chesapeake dog. 

For Deer hunting, the Deer or Stag Hound is 
best. For the sportsman away from waters, choose 
the Setter or Pointer, or a cross between both. 
For the trapper, the Beagle or Terrier Dogf. For 
the watch dog,- the Mastiff or Bull dog; although 
the Terrier is equally as good. 

It requires much patience and honest work to 
train a good dog. If you can afford to purchase 
one, do so slowly; first satisfy yourself that 
those you purchase from are reliable in every 
sense of the word — otherwise buy a young puppy 
of the specie mentioned, and train him yourself, or 
have him trained especially for you by a specialist 

302 



T^^^^^'^S?^^^^ 



in that line. In all cases try and select a dog of a 
good liver color; and if you start out with a lib- 
eral supply of patience, firmness and kindness, you 
can soon possess an excellently trained animal, 
that time will render very nearly perfect. 

One cannot commence too early with a puppy. 
First see to it that you gain its good will and con- 
fidence; get him to like you, to greet your coming, 
and to grow fond of you -Don't try and commence 
the training part too quick; rather (Confine your 
efforts to a participation in its romping, playful 
innocence; and reward its efforts of play with a 
few choice bits from your own hands. If it is sul- 
len, deceitful or morose, discard it for a brighter, 
better one. When its age is such that it can rea- 
son and think, then teach it little things, like lay- 
ing down at the word of "down," and when it un- 
derstands, insist that it does what you tell it to 
do. Enforce obedience. Teach it to pick up little 
articles and bring them in play; first \o pick it 
up and let you take it from him easily; then to go 
and get it. For a like purpose use the same 
words, always, such as fetch, bring, carry, lay 
down, look, etc. Punish him only when you must, 
and do not tax his patience with too long lessons. 
Better still, if you emphasize your lessons with a 
certain— always the ^ame movement of your 
hand, of the different lessons you teach him, so as 
he can recognize that hand signal in lieu of your 
voice of command when in the field. The fewer 
;the words you speak the better. If a water dog, 
never throw him into the water after an object; 
take and put the object a few steps in first, then 
throw it farther and farther out, and encourage 
him by words of praise and petting when he 'does' 
it. Don't choose cold days at first, harden him 
gradually, and he will soon be only too eager to 
do your bidding, in ice cold waters. 

Try and convey to him your meaning by illus- 
tration, take for instance teaching him to "down," 
if he fails to grasp your meaning, force him to lay 
down by pressing him down — don't be too hasty; 
it takes time to teach a child — years of It; and you 
cannot expect to train a good dog in a few weeks. 
Teach him to put things he brings you into your 
hands. Keep him around the house, don't let him 



m 



I 



wander off with other dogs; punish him when he 
deserves it, and let the punishment count— don't 
kick him; and soon he will learn to obey you. 
Teach him to carry your paper, a parcel or pack- 
age, then to find where it is hidden, and soon he 
will take pleasure in hunting things you have hid- 
den in almost unheard of places. No animal liv- 
ing has greater intelligence than a dog, and if you 
have gained his good will and affection he will die 
for you. No human friendship is akin to that of a 
canine friend; he will stick to you through advers- 
ity; bring his bone to share with you if necessary; 
no matter what happens he will stand by you. 
Cold, wet or hunger will not tempt him to desert 
you. Poor faithful beast will make his bed at your 
grave, refusing food and shelter, to be nigh you— 
no friendship on this earth can equal it; and in 
concluding this chapter on the faithful beast, let 
me give space to the following facts which speak 
for themselves, which happened in my own great 
city, Chicago, and which was published in the lo- 
cal papers, extensively, and mentioned in various 
magazmes, books, etc. 

Those who have nothing but curses and kicks 
for, and who have no use for dogs, would per- 
haps be better citizens, did they but possiESss the 
same attachments and friendship often exhibited 
by the dog; particularly by a large, black New- 
foundland dog, a few days ago in excessively bit- 
ter cold winter weather. For days he was noticed 
by the Lincoln Park Police, intently watching 
the water; every how and then he would go to the 
ice and scratch as though trying to dig up some- 
thing. All through the bitter cold weather, 
night and day he faced the storms of the lake, and 
the piercing, icy blasts, and could not be coax.ed 
away. The park police finding all efforts to get 
him away failed, brought him food and shelter, 
which he refused. One morning he was found 
dead, frozen stiff. The supposition was that his 
master had fallen and was drowned or committed 
suicide. He was only a dog, yet how many human 
beings could be found like him. Hence the follow- 
ing poem in commemoration still lives. 



5,£^^ 



304 



r> 



What Seeks He There? 

"What seeks he there? 
That noble "Landseer" Newfouadland. 
Is it obedience to command 
That, all unflagging, makes him stand 

On the wind-swept shore so bleak and bare?" 

What seeks be there? 
With wistful eyes, twin wells of woe, 
With mournful whine so sad and low. 
With sentinel tramping to and fro. 

On the wind-swept shore so bleak and bare? 

What seeks he there? 
When halting on his lonesome beat, 
He scratches still with bleeding feet, 
Where heaping ice and water meet. 

On the wind-swept shore so bleak and bare?? 

What seeks he there? 
E'en when his faltering footsteps fail 
To longer mark his bloody trail, 
He crouches down with anguished wai!, 

On the wind-swept shore so bleak and bare. 

What seeks he there? 
It is not food, for proffered meats 
With no responsive wag he greets, . 

But every action search entreats, 

On the wind-swept shore so bleak and bare, 

What seeks be'there? 
Is It his master whelmed in the tide. 
That piling ice blocks ri^hl^ssly hide? 
Is it for him that he watched and died 

On t^\at wind-swept shore s« bleak and bare? 



Again, who has not read that touching reference 
to the dog— so often reprinted, as follows; and 
which is well known to have been founded on facts. 

He has strained the rope which bound him, . and at last has 

broken free 
Too late ! for there the steamer bears his mastei*out to sea. 
He is but a dog, and yet he has the yearnmgs of his kind, 
And his heart is fairly breaking, that he is left behind. 

With an effort he niight reach him, if he struggles with a will; 
The master has forgotten, but the dog remembers still. 
Plunge, the way is long and weary, and the distance grows 

more wide. 
But he has one hope to guide him, just to reach his master's 

side. 

Struggling, ever struggling onward, though the water beats 

him back. 
Struggling while his heart is failing, in the steamer.s silver 

track; 
Struggling with a last vain effort; struggling till his strength 

is gone;' 
So the blue waves close over him, and the twilight hastens on. 



Pointers 

On th6 Care of Dogs and a 
the Dog** 



'Tribute to 




To those who are 
possessed of a good 
dog 1 will give a 
few suggestions as 
to the care and 
treatment of them 
necessary to keep 
them in good con- 
dition: 

Keep them 
clean, wash them 
in cool water, 
never hot watef. 
Don't over feed 
them. Let their meals be given them mommg 
and. evening only (unless working in the field hunt 
ing.) The best food ip clean scraps from the table 
or well boiled soft mixtures of meats scraps and 
vegetables, with a meat bone (fresh) uncooked oc-- 
casionally so as to keep his teeth in trim. Rice, 
wheat flour, etc., can be used to thicken the stews. 
In hunting seasons when they work hard give 
them a liberal allowance of raw meats, so as to 
build up their strength. Use for bedding fresh 
straw, burning the old and adding new say weekly. 
Exercise him often and note carefully any changes 
in his condition which indicates irregularities or 
sickness. Occasionally disinfect his sleeping 
quarters. Keep his bowels open, his stomach 
free from worms, clean quarters and regular feed- 
ing and you will have but little trouble. Treat 
him according to his age— as though it were a 
human being, using even the same medieine and 
you will seldom need a veterinary surgeon's assis- 
tance. The most frequent ailments of the dog. 
(common) are distemper, worms, colds, diarrhoea, 
constipation, mange and fits. These can be treat- 
ed successfully by the owners (if not allowed to 
run on) until severe, the greatest difficulty being 
in determining the nature of them. To aid you 
thus, it is only necessary to write for little free 



306 



^^5^2^ 



books of the dog and its care, diseases of it, pub- 
lished by the following specialists and to act ac- 
cordingly. Better still if you would write them a 
gersonal letter giving forth the following facts: 
reed, age and weight: condition as to flesh, skin 
coat, appetite, bowels and urinary organs; posi- 
tions and actions of tlie animal, symptoms and how 
long noticeable. This will be answered without 
cost. No man deserves a dog if he permits an 
animal to suffer for the trouble of letter or a few 
cents for treatment. In writing these specialists 
send a stamped envelope for reply and you will 
not fail to receive good advice and attention. 
Address, Spratt's Patent, Newark, N. J., for book 
(Dog Culture;) H. C. Glover, 1278 Broadway, New 
York City, (Diseases of the Dog, How to Feed, 
jetc.;) Polk Miller, Richmond, Va., (Dog's ailments. 
How to Treat Them,) you can rely on receiving 
much information of value and conscientious treat- 
ment foi* the reliability of these firms are only too 
well known. Many a poor brute has been allowed 
to suffer needlessly, and often the cry "mad dog" 
raised on some poor dumb animal, suffering only 
from fits, pursued by an excited and blood-thirsty 
mob; whereas all the poor beast required was a 
little medicine or treatment, to restore him to his 
natural condition; and if these few lines can ever 
be the means of doing good for the greatest 
friend of man I shall consider myself well repaid 
for including them here. In conclusion let me 
again cite another truthful tribute to the dog. 





A Tribute to the Dog 

" Treat a dog like a man, and you will have a 
noble animal, treat him like a dog, and you will 
have a dog that k7iows more than you do. Proof: 
He understands your language; ^yo,u do not un- 
der sta^id his. 

The best friend a man has in the world may turn 
against him and become his enemy. His son or 
daughter that he has reared with loving care "may 
prove ungrateful. 'Those who are n-earest and 
dearest to us, those whom we trust with our Hap- 
piness and our good name, may become traitors to 
their faith. The money that a man has he may 
lose. It flies away, from him, perhaps, when he 
needs it most. A man's reputation may be sacri- 
ficed in a moment of JU-considered actioo. The 
people who are prone to fall on their knees to do 
•honor when success is with us may be" the first to 
throw the stones of malice when failure settles its 
cloud upon our heads. The one absolutely unsel- 
fish friendlhat man can have in this selfish world, 
the one that never deserts him, the one that never 
.proves ungrateful or teacherous, is his dog. A 
man's dog stands- by him in prosperity and pover- 
ty, m health and in sickness. He will sleep on 
the cold ground, where the wintry winds blow, and 
the snow drives fiercely, if only he may be near 
his master-'s side. He will kiss the hand that • has 
no food to offer; he will lick the wounds and sores 
that come in encounter with the roughness of the 
world He guards the sleep of his pauper master 
as if he were a prince. When all other friends 
desert he remains. When riches take wings and 
reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his 
love as the sun its journeys through the heavens. 

If fortune drives the blaster forth an outcast in 
the ^yorld, friendless and homeless, the faithful 
dog asks no higher privilege than that of accom- 
panying him, to guard against danger, to fight 
against his enemies, and when the last scene of 
all comes, and death takes the master in its em- 
brace, and his body is laid away in the cold 
ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their 
way there by the graveside will the nnh)A Hog be 
often found. ' - - - 5 

308 



PART TWO 
''fflNTS FOR SHOT GUN SHOOTERS" 

(READ ALSO "HITS AROUND THE BULL'S EYE" 




Something Wrong, 

A Series of Suggestions as to 

LOADS. CHARGE.S. WADS, R£,LOADING» 

SIGHTING, GUNS, SHOT. 

POWDER, SHE,LLS, 

Miscellaneous Information, £tc. 



Points for 

Rifle Users 




Hints for Shot Gun Shooters 

The Best Boat for Duck Huntingf— A scull 
boat with cockpit. The Mullins duck boat (st^el)' 
painted dead grass color. (See Boats.) 

Best Hog for Duck Hunters — Cross between a 
Newfoundland and Setter^ or a Retriever and Wat- 
er Spaniel, or a cross between the Setter and Span- 
el; best color, liver color. 

Best Blinds for Duck Hunting"— The natural 
grass or rushes that abound in the vicinity; use 
plenty of them. 

The Best Rifle for Small Game— Or for target 

gractice is of course largely a matter of choice, 
ither the Stevens, Remington or Winchester are 
accurate guns. A good choice is the Winchester. 
25-20, either single shot or half magazine repeater, 
equipped with Lyman combination rear sight. Ly- 
man leaf in lieu of the regular rear sight on the 
barrel and Lyman ivory bead fore sight, it is satis- 
factory for either smokeless or black powders. 

The Best Ammunition— For rifles is that made" 
by Union Metal Cartridge Co., or Winchester Re- 
peating Arms Co. 

The Best Shot Gun— Is hard to determine, there 
are many good ones. The Greener being a splen- 
did weapon; following close comes the L. C. Smith, 
Parker, Ithaca (American make.) - 

When Using" a High Power Rifle— Fit to the 
butt of it, a good recoil pad, and have your rifle 
fitted with a Lyman leaf sight; fold down the 
crotch, raise the bar and use the ivory bead for 
front; these are better for shooting trim than any 
globe peep or crotch sights, which are good for 
target uses, but not for game killing. 

The Best Repeating Shot Gun— The Winches- 
ter shot gun is probably the best of its kind, its ac- 
tion is reasonably smooth and reliable. It can be 
used as a large ball gun, and if proper loaded am- 
munition is used, is a most satisfactory arm. 

The Best Book on Reloading— The Ideal Hand 
Book for Shooters. Ideal Mfg. Co., New Haven, 
Conn. (Send postage.) 






310 



I 



Try Using the Right Barrel— For objects pass- 
ing to the left, left barrel for those to the right on 
long ranges. 

A Wire Scratch Brush— Will not scratch the 
interior of barrels and is invaluable for cleaning a 
shot gun. Rust can be removed t>y a rag dipped 
in kerosene if not pitted in. Wipe well dry and 
oil afterward or vaseline. 

Gun for Brush Shooting — Right barrel cylin- 
der left modified choke bored. For field shooting 
right barrel modified left full choke. Trap shoot- 
ing both barrels full choked or first barrel modi- 
fied choke. 

Don't Change — Your gun or rifle if it is a good 
one. Stick to it. Change your methods which is 
most apt to be at fault, if faults exist. 

Choke Bore Guns—Insure close shooting and 
good penetration. For shooting at cIo.se range a 
cylinder bore is preferable. Such a gun will shoot 
spherical bullets up to 50 yards. 

Auxiliary Rifle Barrels— Can be placed in 
temporarily and used in the barrel of a shot gun 
of 10 or 12 bore. 

Chilled Shot— Is better than soft shot in many 
respects. 

To Scatter Shot — Place one wad on the powder, 
two wads between the shot, over the whole put a 
thick wad. Never us€ poor home made wads. 

Quick Shooting — is essential when using a shot 
gun. Shoot the instant your gun points as closely 
as possible without taking second aim. 

Velocity of Shot From a 12-Gauge Gun. 







Size of 




Range in 


Mean Veloci- 


Powder 


Drams 




Ounces 




ty in feet 






Shot 




Feet 


per second 


H 


Z% 


2 


1^ 


50 


lOlS 


H 


2H 


2 


100 


•865 


H 


2V^ 


2 


214 ' 


100 


854 


D 


3 


7 


100 


776 


D 


3 


7 


lu 


100 


783 


D 


3 


7 


m 


50 


855 


H 


2^ 


2 


m 


50 


995 



311 




Plant Wild Rico.— If the sportsmen will do this 
in the fall of the year, he will be amply repaid for 
his pains later. Ducks wfll not linger in waters 
devoid of food. It is to Vour^interest to plant wild 
rice. 

Por Duck Shooting"— Use a lo bore shot gun, 
Syi t0 9>^ lbs., full choke, or a i2-gaugc. Best 
time October and November. 

To Scnll a Boat — With one oar, place oar over 
the stern or rear of the boat in a rowlock secured 
there for the purpose, and thrusting the blade ^n 
the water deeply, move it so as to describe as near 
as possible a series of i^rns similar to the capital, 
letter L, allowing the blade of the oar to take as 
large a figure as possible but restricting the move- 
ment of your hands to as small a figure as you 
can. To get the idea better, take a pencil and 
write a series of capital L in quick succession one. 
under the other without stopping — try it. I have 
taught a dozen duck hunters the idea by this sim- 
ple plan. 

Decoy Duck Jaunting"— Try a small bore rifle 
for oiit of range birds, cripples, stragglers, etc. 

If Ducks Aligfht — Out of range of your decoys, 
disperse them lest they attract others from your 
decoys— go after them. 

Ducks Approaching Decoys — And flying with 
the wind invariably pass over the decoys, then 
swing around to alight. 

Try Tollingf— For canvas back or broad bills 
especially. 

Best Time for Duck Shooting — Just, before 
daylight or before dark. 

A Sligfht Noise— Or whistle will often cause 
ducks to group or close together. 

Por Wild Geese— Use a lo bore gun, 4>^ drs., 
powder, ^X to i J^ ozs. No. 2 shot. Best time is in 
snow storm, as they are then bewildered and rest- 
less; Mallard also are similarly affected* 

If at Porty Yards— A fool seems to far ahead, 
make It two, keep the. gun moving and the bird, 
falls dead. 



^^^^ 



American Wild Fowl«-and Shooting. 







AViallard Duck. 




Teal Duck. 





Duck Shooting on the Feeding Grounds with the 
New Automatic Shot Gun. 




Canvas Back Duck. 



Canada Goose. 



313 




The Wood Duck 



The Grouse. 



S«e Points lot Shot. Gun Shooters, etc., etc, 
fit 



314 



Choosing^ a Shot Gun — Use a cylinder bore for 
brush shooting; a modified choke for field use; full 
choke for wild fowl, or a combination of the two of 
the three; let the barrels be 30 or 32 inch, with the 
gun weighing about 7 lbs. For duck shooting both 
barrels full choke is best. 

Shot Palling.— A charge of shot will fall 8 in- 
ches in 40 to^o yards. 

Shooting at Close Range— The cylinder bored 
shot gun is preferable. 

To Test the Pit of a Shot Gun— Bring it to the | 
shoulder; if you do not have to crane or stretcli the 
neck to sight along the barrels, it is a good fit. 

Shooting Spherical Bullets — Use the cylinder 
bore so as the ball will pass through the barrel 
easily; it will carry accurately up to 50 yards with 
force. 

To Scatter Shot— Place one wad on the pow- 
der, two or three between the shot, and use thin 
wads, over the whole put a thick wad. 

Shell Extractors.— Always carry in a handy 
pocket a good shell extractor. It is well worth its 
cost and more. 

Reloading Shells.— Good paper' shells (not 
abused) can be reloaded six or more times, with 
safety. 

In Shooting Pljring Birds— The aim should, be 
froni a few inches to a few feet in advance of the 
bird, according to distance, speed* etc.; from 3 in- 
ches to even 3 f^et or more at times. 

Don't iBhoot— At an incoming bird, waft until it 
passes you. 

A Leather Coat —Should be used for fall or cold 
weather duck shooting; if .too heavy, choose the 
yellow oilskin or waterproof canvas if wet weather 
especially. 

"Tolling for Ducks."— Attract their attention 
by waving a red bandanna.handkerchief on a stick 
keeping yourself out of sight; ducks are inquisitive 
and will often swim up to investigate, unless they 
are very wild. 



315 



vmn 



Best Boat for Duck Hunting^— Mullin's Duck 
boat. Scull oatr rigged with cOck pit covered with 
brush and hay, or rushes as a blind. 

Duck Shooters— With a rubber blanket and air 
cushion can sit or lay on wet ground or marsh all 
day. 

Best Shells to- Reload- For shot guns Win- 
chester, Yellow Rival, N. M. C., Kitro, Club, New 
Victor, Peter's, etc. 

Use a Cylinder Bore— If you desire to use 
round ball or bullet good for 50 to 75 yards, large 
game shooting, use a patched ball (to gauge the 
size of your gun) load. 4 to 4>^ drachms powder, F, 
F. G.; }i felt pad on bowder, ball seated snugly 
on top of wad, a little lubricant put around it and 
a wall of shell as in gallery ammunition. 

Twist of Rifle Barrels— A proper twist is. one 
that will spin a bullet fast enou^'h to keep it point 
on to the limit of its range or flight, thus assuring 
accuracy. If the twist is too slow, the*fiight of 
bullets will be untrue and it will "tumble and key- 
hole," passing through the air longv/ays instead of 
point on as it should. On the other hand, if the 
twist is too quick the bullet will spin too rapidly 
rending its flight unsteady, causing it to ^wobble, 
spin and hum like a top. 

Incoming Birds.— Swing well ahead, keep your 
giin moving with the bird, pulling the twigger the 
instant the oird reaches the sight of your barrels. 

Side Shot9.-^Aim and swing with the bird and 
well ahead, according to distance, wind, etc., hold 
well ahead, so as the shot will have time to reach 
him. 

Birds Alighting"— Or descending hold well un- 
der, always ahead of them, so as they will not fly 
with the shot. 

Duck Hunting — In boats, leave the dog home, 
unless your clothes are waterproof and you don't 
mind his shaking the water on when he returns to 
boat. Make a blind decoy out of your boat is bet- 
ter, and use decoys. 

Always Steer Clear of rences— They scare any 
birds, ducks especially. 

In Stormy Weather— Seek for ducks in heavy 
timbered woods or sheltered places. 



316 



8 





Solid Comfort Seat Pad 

Prevents you from get- 
ting wet and uncomfort- 
able when It's necessary 
to sif down on a snowy- 
log or in a leaky duck- 
boat. Worn outside the 
trousers and instantly de- 
tachable. Made from 
the best materials and 
durably bound in yellow 
leather. Absolutely .wa- 
terproof, and prevents 
chills, colds, rheumatism 
and rectal ailments. 

Fastens to the trousers 
by two metallic hooks 
connected to the pad by 
adjustable bands of elas- 
tic webbing and a narrow 
leather strap about each leg midway between the 
hip and knee. In. ordering state width across 
widest part below hips. Made in two sizes. i6 and 
i8 inches. Will literally last a lifetime, and is 
worth the price every day it's used. 

The Shot Gun Sight 

Is an invention that introduces a new and per- 
fect system of sighting shot guns— so simple and 
effective that it makes wing shooting easy and 
certain. The two sights placed on or near the 
muzzle of gun clearly shows the killing circle. 

When the bird is 
seen between the two 
sights and is not out of 
range, it can be bag- 
ged. A beginner will 
be surprised how soon 
he becomes a good 

-wing shot. As all double-barrel shot guns cross 
the center line at about thirty yards, after which 
the right barrel goes to the left andjhe left barrel 
goes to the right, this compensates for that differ- 
ence, as you can sight directly down the barrel 
fired, and thus have aim directly in line of charge. 




^^ 



^^^^z^ 



317 




At cross going to the left, sight on left barrel and 
fire right barrel, and for right, vice versa. You 
will then give the bird the proper lead that will in- 
sure it being killed. 

A little use of the sight will convince the most 
skeptical of its merit. It has been subjected to 
the mdst rigid test at trap and field, and will di>all 
that is claimed for it. 

They are made of the best spring steel, finely 
blued, are instantly attachable and detachable to 
any gun and does not mar the barrels. 

The Patent Gun Sling 

If you've carried, a 
gun across your arm 
until every muscle 
ached at an a^tempi to 
straighten it, you'll 
appreciate this hand- 
some device. Abroad, 
leather-covered steel 
hook, adjustable to 
any height and posi- 
tion receives the gun 
and with the rifle butt 
tucked under the up- 
per arm one may go 
anywhere with the el- 
bow and hands entire- 
ly 'free. The gun is 
instantly available for 
a shot and at the same 
time, the hands are 
free to part the bushes 
of push asioe obstruc- 
tions quietly. 

Handsomely made 
in natural leather and 
adjustable to persons 
of any size Connect- 
Gun Sling with Cartridge carrier ^d with the straps, and 
immediately above the hook, is a cartridge carrier. 
The cartridge carriers are readily detached to 
change from shot gun to rifle and vice versa. 
Mention size of cartridge to be used. 

318 




^^^;2^^ 



Tn Cleaning^ Guns— Nothing excels" kerosene 
Of benzine, afterward wiped and rubbed well with 
clean, dry rags (and elbow grease) then moistened 
with a little vaseline. 

Secret of Becoming^ a Good Shoot— First, cor- 
rectly judging distance. Second, speed of object 
(if moving) fired at. Third, holding the gun so as 
the object will meet the shot or bullet at the same 
time the bullet feaches it. Nine out of ten make 
the serious mistake of shooting behind. Fourth, 
making allowances for wind drift of shot correctly. 
Sixth, cloSely observing the faults of eveiy shot 
and rectifying the errors. 

Por Duck Shootingf— Use Nos. 5-6-7-8 , chilled 
shot as some 'guns throw certain shot better than 
others. SQe.'w\\\Q\i your gun is best suited for. 

Use Waterproof Shells (Paper)— For Duck 
hunting, and never go . on a trip withouf^Hecoys,' 
assorted ones. Don't select all one kind. Don't 
forget the Allen duck call, and to use the Ducks, 
you shoot as additional decoys, the more the better. 

Best Dog" for Duck Kuiitingf — A good Retriev* 
er, Water Spaniel or a cross between a Spaniel or, 
Setter. 

Tolmitate'a Duck Quack— Press the tip. of 
youi" tongue at the upper roof of your mouth near- 
the upper teeth and Say "quack;" or say "me-jfn^p'h'* 
loud; Geese, "ah-hunk." 

Use Dead Ducks — As decoys (all you have) 
stiffening their head^ with a woodetf skfe.wer.- 

Best Time for Duck Hunting— November and 
December. Best gun full choke or right b.arrel 
modified choke; left, full choke, 10 gauge. 

Shot for Birds— Prairie Chicken, Nos. 6-7\ 
Quail, No. 8; Teal Duck, Nos. 7-8; Mallards, 5-67; 
Swan, Nos. 1-2; Geese, Nos. 1-2-3; Blue Bill, No. 6- 
.7; Canvas Back, No. 4-5; Gray and Widgeon, Nos. 
5-7; Red Heads, No. 6; Pintails, Nos. 5-6; Grouse, 
Nos. 6-7;": Snipe, Nos. 8-9. 

Duck .Shooters Outfit— Clothes dead grass 
color, rubber coat dead grass color, long rubber 
boots, wristlets and gloves. 

319 



Table of Chargfes for 12 -Gauge Gun. 

Woodcock , 3^ drs. 1 oz. No. 10 510' 

Snipe..... 3H drs. li^ oz. No 9 405 

Quail and plover 3i^ drs. 1^ oz. No 9 395 

Prairie chicken (Aug., Sept.). 3^ drs. 1^4 oz. No. 7 220 
T, L J " (Oct.. Nov., Dec) 4 drs. i;^ oz. No. 6 158 

Ruffed grouse..... 3i^ drs. li^ oz. No. 8 300 

Squirrels and rabbits ...SJ^drs. IJ^ oz. No. 6 160 

Teals, pintails, etc , .3% drs. 1}4 oz. No. 7 218 

Mallards 6anvasbacks, etc.... 4 drs. IJ^ oz. No. 5 115 

Geese and brant.... 4 drs. l oz. No 1 45 

Turkeys . ...... 4 drs. m oz. No. 4 95 

Deer (cylinder bore only) .... 4 drs. 3 layers of buckshot 

Speed of Birds' Plight.— The highest speed of 
flight per hour of birds in full plumage is estimat- 
ed as follows: Crow 25 to 40 miles; mallard, black 
duck and shoveler, 40 to 50; pintail, 50 to 60; wood 
duck, 55 to 60; widgeon and gadwall, 60 to 70; red- 
head, 80 to 90; biue-winged and red-winged teal, 
80 to 100; bluebill, 80 to 1 10; canvasback, 80 to 120; 
sparrow, 40 to 92; hawk, 40 to 150; wild geese, 80 
to 90. The distance traveled by birds in % second 
is as follows: At fate of 5 miles per hour, .92 feet; 
rate of 10 miles per hour, 1.83 feet; rate of I2'miles, 
2.2,feet; 20 miles, 3.66 feet; 30 miles, 5.5 feet; 40 
miles, 7.33 feet; 60 miles, 11 feet; 80 miles, 14.66 
feet; 90 miles, 16.05 feet; 100 miles, 18.33 feet; 120 
miles, 22 feet; 150 miles, 27.5 feet. 

In ^stimating'^ Distances— Underestimating is 
mostly common, it is rare that overestimating dis- 
tance occurs. 

Never Use—A cartridge or rifle of over 45-cali- 
bre or a bullet over 405 grains in weight 

Always Follow— Powder makers' advice in 
loading cartridges. Don't experiment, this is for 
experts, not for you to do. 

Best Powder for Shot Gun Cartridges— Haz- 
ards Electric, Duponts'si Diamond (^rain, Shultze, 
King's, etc. 

ALeaded Rifle Barrel— Renders the arm use- 
less for accuracy. 

A Lubricator Receipt -Pure fresh beef tallow 
and vaseline to soften it is as good as the best. 

Powder is Bought— By avoirdupois weight, but 
in weighing it for rifles the apothecaries weight is 
used.. Avoirdupois weight is 16 drachms i ounce, 

320 



'^ 



I 



i6 ounces i pound. Apothecaries, 20 grains i 
scruple, 3 scruples i drachm, 8 drachms i .ounce,; 
12 ounces i pound. 

Always Use--Soft pointed bullets for game 
hunting. They kill cleanly and quickly. 

Choice ox a Rifle— I ^m often asked the question 
•what calibre and length of barrel do you recom- 
mend; a most difficult one to answer well unless. I 
am informed exactly the purpose desired ' fo(;. 
Generally speaking, I am m 'favor of a 303 cali- 
bre magazine rifle or 35 calibre. . As to length of 
barrel the longer barrel will do more accurate: 
shooting. But for hunting where shooting. is sel- 
dom done at over 250 yards the difference is hard- 
ly appreciable, provided the barrel is sufficient 
length to permit a nearly complete combustion of 
the powder. (See'about Rifles.) 

Express Bullets — Are always superior to solid 
bullets for hunting purposes. They are sure kill- 
ers for Deer, Elk, Moose and similar game. They 
mushroom on impact or spread tearing open a 
large wound and killing quickly, much more so 
than the regular oencil size and pointed hard bul- 
let. 

The All Round Shot Gun.— A 12-gauge gun, 
weight about 7 lbs., 30 inch barrels, right barrel 
cylinder or modified choke, left barrel full choke. 

A Rubber Recoil Pad— Is an excellent device, 
if your gun kicks or affects your shooting. 

Use a Glove Fing-er — On your twigger finger if 
it becomes sore or tender. 

A Good Load for 12 -Bore Gun. — 3 to 3>^ drs. . of 

powder, i^/g oz..of No.. 6 shot. 



Never Use Cheap Ammunition. 

best from most reliable dealers. 



Buy the very 



Never Mak6 Your Own Wads — If you want to 
be sure of satisfactory results in shooting. 

What Gun Powder Is.— Saltpeter, 75 per cent; 
charcoal, 15 per cent; sulphur, 10 per cent. 

The Ivory Bead Shot Gun Sight — Is an excel- 
lent one. 



321 



cMi 



^ 



*«r4' 



liFi= 






SKetches for Shot Gun Shooters. 

(See Hints.) 





Tor Marsh Duck Bhootuxg"— Use grass color 
rubber or waterproof canvas hat andcoat and rub- 
ber boots. 

Large Game Charge — For i2-gauge guns 3>^ • 
drahms power; i oz. No. i or 2 shot, or mixed. 

In Trailing Grouse— Approach them as ii ig- 
norant of their proximity, and shoot the instant 
you can, side shots are best; try and walk as though 
you did not see him, and he will not fly as quickly 
as though you come straight towards him. 

Wild Ducks Plying— Travel over 100 feet in a 
second; if 50 yards away he will travel 15 feet in 
the time it takes for shot to reach him, hence the 
aim should be nearly 15 feet ahead; in windy 
weather they fly low. 

Always Set Decoys — To windward of the 
blinds, and these had best be made before the sea- 
son, ducks avoid any new or strange structures, are 
very wary of them. 

A Good Blind. — A rubber blanket to lay on and 
yourself hidden by grass, rushes, etc., until near 
enough to rise and shoot quick, or cover yourself 
with grass color canvas. 

Use Waterproof Paper Shells — For duck shoot- 
ing; wet will not impair their fitting qualities. 

Corduroy Clothing — Or canvas if drab color is 
all right for any kind of hunting, except "still hunt- 
ing" its useless for that. 

When Writing Us— The greatest favor you can 
do us is to send us the names of sportsmsn who 
hunt, shoot, camp, fish or trap game, clubs, etc., so 
as they may receive our books and matter pertain- 
ing thereto. 

-We Supply — Anything of standard grade of 
quality mentioned in our books, but do not handle 
any, bargain sale goods — look out for them, a good 
article is worth a good price always. Write us 
concerning anything you desire. 

To Secure Good Results— Get ammunition 
made expressly for the gun you use or make your 
own (see Ideal reloading tools.) Ammunition of 
other makes will do, but it is assuredly better to 
use ammunition made and intended for the very 
gun you use. 

324 



"F^^:^^^s?^^f^ 



Use Warm Wristlets— Woolen ones for duck 
shooting in cold weather. 

A Few Loads ot Buckshot— May prove valuable 
in hunting with shot guns, (h§ndy for big game) 
but not for a full choke gun unless loaded and 
shot wellwadded by yourself. See too shoot buck 
shot elsewhere. 

Killing' Range of a 12 Bore Gun-^Is from 50 
to 60 yards, depending of course on the loads you 
carry. 

To Shoot Solid Ball in Shot Guns'— Use a lead 
bullet that will pass easily and freely into the muz- 
zle when covered with a cloth patch. Place 3 
heavy wad under the ball, a light one over it; the 
patch should hold the ball to the center of the 
shell. 

In Using Buckshot— It is well to use a few 
small shot in the spaces between the buckshot, or 
use bone dust. 

Woods Used in Gun Powder— Manufactured in 
the form of charcoal are black alder, poplar, wil- 
low and dog wood. 

For a Quick Shooter — Modified choke is best, 
for a slow shot full choke. 

Wild Geese — Are regular in going to and from 
their feeding grounds, so take advantage' of the 
fact. 

For Teal Duck— Use No. 7 or 8 shot, and aim 
well ahead always; if rising, hold above them; if 
drifting hold under. 

To Moisten Dry Gun— Breathe occasionally 
through the barrels of it or. moisten the end of 
your cartridge. 

In Flock Shooting'-.-Select the leading or ahead 
bird, don't shoot at the center of the flock lest you 
hit only a straggler. 

Good Shot Gun Target— A barrel head hung 
by heavy wire and. swung hard from the branch of 
a high tree (swing quickly.) 

Prairie Chickens — Frequent stubble fields in 
early morn or evening, near sloughs at mid-day. 




Hunter's and Fisherman's Lunch.— Get two 

flat stones, and then gather sufficient wood. Into 
the fire the stones go, and the wood is heaped about 
them. Soon the intense glow of live wood embers 
indicates that the time has come. A Quail, Snipe 
or Trout (a sliver of bacon in each) are placed on 
one of the stones, first well dusted of its ashes, and 
the other stone is laid upon them. Now the hot 
embers are raked about and over the stones, and 
the lunch is spread on the big rock near the spring. 
O, ye epicures, who think nothing good unless 
served by a Delmonico or a Sherry, go ye into the 
mountains or trail, follow a brook for half a day, 
get wet, tired and hungry, sit down and eat these 
cooked on the spot, and learn of the choice mor- 
sels of the hunter's, trappers or fisherman's art. 

Gun for Pigeon Shooting.— Select a 12-bore 
right barrel cylinder, and left full choke, cham- 
bered to stand heavy charges, or both barrels mod- 
ified choke. 

Never Loan Your Gun or Rifle— Lest you lose 
a friend. 

Distance Covered by Game or Birds — In one 
eighth of a second: 

12 miles an hour 2.2 feet. 

20 miles an hour 36 feet. 

30 miles an hour. 5-5 feet. 

40 miles an hour 7-3 feet. 

60 miles an hour n feet. 

Don't Pail to Sight Your Gun— On an "out of 
range bird;" its practice aiming even, if nothing 
else. 

Don't Approach Game— from the windward 
side, get to the leeward of them. 

Don't Porget to Aim— Under a bird that is 
alighting, or over them if arising, ahead of them if 
flying straight. 

Don't Shoot at a Bird— Flying toward you; let 
it pass you first, then blaze away. 

Don't Aim and Pire Carelessly— Or too quick- 
ly; rattled, excited, rapid shooting seldom counts; 
deliberation and carefulness is what brings accur- 
acy and success. • 

Don't Overshoot.— The tendency of most sports- 
men is to do this; better low than too high. 

32b 
Sffgggs a tjiwj! 




Wild Geese Shooting. (Lay Down Blinds and Decoys) 



t 



k 



Don't Pail — To cut tha throats of dead game 
and. draw the entrails, if you wish to have good 
meat. 

Don't Blame the Gun. — They are seldom at 
fault; its the man behind. 

Don't Forget — That extreme care and quietness 
are essential when hunting, "stalking" especially. 

Don't Target Practice — On a hunting trip, wait 
until you break camp or are out of the haunts of 
game. 

Don't Lug a Revolver — On a hunting trip, un- 
less you are after encumbering yourself needless- 
ly; a good hunting knife or a field telescope will 
serve far better. 

Don't Sit— On the bare ground, better sit on 
your hat. 

Don't Lose Your Bearings. — When in the woods 
one can easily get lost or turned around. Read 
the Campers Manual, for it tells you what to do in 
such an emergency. Send,io cents to the author 
for a copy; you won't regret it. 100,000 have been 
sold to sportsmen, all over the world. 

Don't Porget — To speak a good word for this 
book if it deserves it. 

The Best Repeating Shot Gun — For field 
shooting, Winchester 12-gauge brush gun, 5 shot; 
26 inch barrel; 7X lbs., model 1897, take down, or 
model 1901, cylinder or modified choke bored. 

To Test a Shot Gun — So as to determine its ac- 
curacy or carrying abilities, chalk a target on a 30 
inch circle 40 ya^^ds away, and note if the percent- 
age of shot entering the circle is as follows: Cyl- 
inder bore, 40 per cent; modified choke, 50 per 
cent; full choke, 60 pier cent; this is a good aver- 
age. This is th^ gun maker's pattern test, with 
ordinary or standard loads. By now increasing or 
decreasing your charges or loads, your distance, 
size of target,. etc. you can determine to a nicety, 
just how your gun shoots, enabling _you to 
correct any existing faults before starting out on a 
trip. 

Use Decoys— To leeward of your blinds, if in 
any way possible. 

328 



ocenes Along ana adout tne Marsnes 




329 
Duck Shooting with Blinds and Decoys. 



I 



In Winir Shootingf— Always keep your gun 
moving with the bird, sighting well ahead, from a 
tew inches to a few feet, according to the distance 
and speed of the bird, and direction it is traveling; 
and for better explanation I append a clipping 
herewith from a prominent sporting magazine (an 
authority on the subject) which will be found as a 
valuable aid in such matters^ Gun used 12-gauge, 
7X lbs., modified and full choke bored. 

Flight of bird and lateral movement of muzzle, 
when pull of trigger is quick and when slow. 

(Charge, 3 drams and lyi ounces of No. 6; birds 
.flying forty miles an hour.) 

SLOW PULL OF TRIGGER i QUICK PULL OF TRIGGER 
(6 Seconds) I (2 Seconds) 



Dis- 
tance 
of 
Bird 



15 yds 

20 " 

25 '" 
30' •' 

35 " 

40 *' 

45 '' 

50 " 



Flight of 
bird dur- 
ing tran- 
sit of 
shot 



6 ft. 6 in. 

7 ft. 7 in. 

8 ft. 8 in. 

9 ft. 9 in. 
lift. 

12 ft. 6 in. 
18 ft 10 in 
15 ft. 9 in. 



Lateral 
movement 

of gun 

muzzle by 

the 

shooter 



6.6 inches 

5.7' •' 

5:2 " 

4.9 

4.8 ," • 

4.7 

4.7. ♦'• 

4.7 



Dis- 
tance 

of 
bird 



Flight of 
bird dur- 
ing tran- 
sit of 
shot; 



15 yds 

20 " 
25-' " 

30 " 

35 " 

40 " 

45 *' 

150 " 



3 ft. 8 in 

4 ft. Sin 

5 ft. 8in 

6 ft 11 in 

8 ft. 2in 

9 ft; 7 in. 
lift. 
hl2ft.9in 



Lateral 
movement 

of gun 

muzzle by 

the 

shooter 



3.7 inches 

3.5 

3.4 

3.4 

3.5 

3?6 

3.7 

3.8 




Note— One second of time allowed for passage of shot 
through the barrels. 

Best Time to Locate Ducks—Qdtober, Novem- 
ber, moonlight nights; best time to shoot the rn is 
during heavy winds; best place to find them is in 
smooth or sheltered waters, or on the edges of 
sheltered woods. . Best way to approach them at 
these times is against the wind, creeping up slow- 
ly, quietly and unobserved; lest they hear, see or 
scent yoii. Better spend more time looking for 
their favorite spots^and flights, . than in waiting for 
them to approach blinds or. decoys, (except in 
flight shooting. 

When Using Decoys— Always set them to the 
leeward of your blinds; arrange theni so as 
their heads are anchored toward the wind. Do 
not group them close, but scatter them well. 

330 



I Do Not Recommend— The 30-3:3 caliber rifle 
(except fgr small game hunting.) It should not be 
used for large game. Choose instead the 303 al- 
ways in preference to the 30-30, Jor the reason 
that the bullet of the 303 fits the barrel more ac- 
curately, will show greater penetration and veloc- 
ity, and is even more accurate than the 30-30. 
These are facts borne out by experience, honestly 
given. The 30-30 is a good rifle, but not for large 
game. 

To Kill Mosquitoes— Either in a room or tent, 
camp or building, use "Mosquitoons," a small, 
specially prepared pyramid-like candle, which 
gives off fumes that are deadly to the mosquito, 
but not obnoxious to man or animal. Try it once. 
Its the latest 20th century idea, -and is very effi- 
cient. We carry a large stock of them. They 
are made especially to kill mosquitoes; and when 
used in a tent, absolutely kills them. 

Best Rifle for Sq.uirrels. — 22. caliber repeating 
rifle. Best place to find them is about beech or 
chestnut trees and high grounds. Best time, fall 
of year; hours, around sunrise and sunset; worst 
time, mid-day. 

Wood Cock — Best time, toward evening or very 
early morning, (dawn). Best places, moist places 
near, edges of low lands, swamps, etc., north side 
of hills, etc. (the moist sides.) 

Best Time for Quail~Mid-day of sunshiny 
days, October and November. Best places, mid- 
dle of fields, around small stubble or brush, or at 
edge of woods. Best 'way, with a good pointer dog. 

Best Time for Ducks— October and November, 
early morn, (day break) or early dusk. Best place 
about feeding grounds, around edges of marshes, 
or in sheltered woods, along its borders. 

Grouse or Partridge — Best time, early morn- 
ing, stormy or cold weather. Best places, around 
berry bushes, etc; look for their regular roosts 
toward night. 



331 





The Shot Gun Cleaner 

Fits any lo, 12 or 16 Guage Gun. 

// is expanded by pressure applied to lever at 
the handle. Being under Perfect control^ is 
made to conform to the varying diameters oj 
gun, in chamber, barrel and choke^ and, at any 
pressure desired. 

A cleaning rod in three joints, of the usual 
length, carrying within steel rods movable by clos- 
ing a lever at the handle. 

End of rod in cleaner section has a cone to ex- 
pand three spring brass fingers of cleaner. 

By making a cleaner that is part of and not re- 
movable from the rod, we bring a new departure 
and insist, a valuable one. 

The cleaner pads are made by stringing 30 guaze 
washers on a brass holder, these being compressed 
in forming die to proper shape to conform to in- 
side circle of barrel, and making a surface that 
holds the cloth patches firmly. The adjusment 
being under control in chamber, barrel or choke, 
at any pressure desired, by movement of the lever. 

One tnickness of cloth, about three inches square, 
makes a perfect swab. 

The pads are held in place by a turn-over hook 
at end of cleaner fingers and by a screw at rear; 
are easily removed if desired, but owing to con- 
struction, described above will clean one gun every 
day for several years. While the firm manner in 
which the pads hold cloth to gun barrel removes 
all but most obstinate deposits of lead and rust, a 
moment's use uncovered will do this completely. 
A patch oiled with 
pure vaseline or 
Gun Greaseica^g 
makes a per- 
fect job. 



^^a 



Snap Shots" from a Sportsman's Trip. W 




^3 



To Test Your Powder— Lay a small pinch on a 
sheet of white paper and apply a match. If it in- 
flames instantly leaving the paper clean and un- 
scorched, it is good, or rub a grain or two. between 
the fingers, if they don't break or soil the fingers 
its quality is good. 

How to Become a Crack Shot. — The whole sec- 
ret is in discovering the faults of each shot and 
correcting them before firing another shiot.^ 

Always Practice— Both snap and deliberate 
shooting or aiming. Snap shooting is raising the 
gun quickly, iaiming and firing as quick ^s the ob- 
ject is sighted, not waiting or wasting a second. 
Deliberate shooting is of course taking deliberate 
and careful aim. 

Excellent Practice. — Lay the rifle on" the 
ground loaded, throw tiny paper bags of flour 
weighted with a stone high into the air; quickly 
get your gun and hit them before, they reach the 
ground. If you have this done for you turn your 
back to the thrower^ and only turn around and 
shoot at the signal to do so. This is excellent 
practice for theeye,^and, distance, flight, quick- 
ness, etc. 

Cheap Guns— Make poor'shdts and poor sports- 
men. 

Learning to Aim Well. — First, select an object 
to aim at. Second, throw up the. gun with your 
eyes shut toward the object,- when the gun touches 
your shoulder, open your eyes and see where your 
gun points; practice this-getting your gun into line 
quickly. Third, fire at the object without a mo- 
ment's hesitation, and "note tarefully the results, 
correcting any faults that exist. 

Mercurial Ointment — Will cleanse leaded 
barrels. 

Always Practice Shootingf—With the same 
class of ammunition that you hunt with or 'the 
same loads exactly. 

Hold the Butt Pirmly— To the shoulder when 
"firing, always when akning and firing. 

Too Much Powder. ^ — To ascertain if your 
charges contain too much, powder, lay sheets of 



334 



-^S^QS^< 



paper'(white) lo to 15 feet from the muzzle of the 
gun and fire it, if the paper catches grains' of un- 
consumed powder, you are using too much. Fir- 
ing along the snow will give the same proof. 

Buckshot in Cylinder Bores. — If it is desirable 
to shoot buckshot from a cylinder bore, such size 
should be selected as will chamber loosely in the 
bore— loading them in layers— three layers, with 
three shot in a layer. If it is desirable that they 
should scatter, place a card wad between each 
layer; if close shooting is desired, pour melted tal- 
low over the shot after they are arranged in the 
shell. 

Buckshot and Ball in Chokebores. — Bullets, 
buckshot and all shot larger than No. i should not 
be discharged from a chokebore. Ball may be 
shot from some chokebores a thousand times with- 
out injury; but there is always liability of jamming 
and no one can tell when it may occur. To use 
buckshot in a chokebore, when you are willing to 
risk conscqences, place a wad m the muzzle and 
press it down to the point where the choke is clos- 
est. Then by chambering the shot on th^e wad 
there determine the proper number to use in a 
layer in the shell. 

Wire Cartridges.— They may be used in a cyU 
inder bore for long range shots, but do not give 
•good results when used m a chokebore. 

Tight Wads.— A tight wad over the shot makes 
the shot scatter. 

To make a Gun Scatter. — To make a shotgun 
scatter, divide the shot charge into three or four 
portions and place a card wad between each por- 
tion. , 

Killing Range of aGun— Forty to fifty yards 
is the killing range of a 12-guage shot gun with 
ordinary loads. 

In Shooting Plying or Running Game — Aim 

well in "advance of the object so as to allow for the 
distance travelled by the game during the interval 
between pulling the trigger and the sliot reaching 
lits destination. A few inches or feet according to 
[speed of movement, (note speed of birds flights.) 



The Trappers' Guide 




Hoop Stretcher" Board Stretcher 

It may seem peculiar that a book on hunting 
with the modern fire arms of today should devote 
a chapter to trapping and traps, but it is not the 
intention of the writer to identify this subject to 
the old time style of twitch-ups, dead falls, garot- 
tes, figure 4 or box traps, but the modern trap- 
ping of today. 

Where I go into details of the old time plan, I 
might as well in my chapter on ••Hunting," go 
back to the old flint lock or bow and arrow meth- 
ods. But as we are now in the 20th century, I 
must necessarily dwell on the methods of the presr 
ent time, and not of those that are obsolete. 

If mere riddance of some obnoxious animal is 
desired we would not have to confine ourselves to 
either shot gun or rifle, for it could be done by us- 
ing the "deadly strychnine,"a portion the size of a 
small liver pill mixed up in a piece of common 
fat, tallow, meat or fish would do the deed; even 
to the laying out of the monstrous Elephant (if 
right quantity be used) for after swallowing such a 
fataf poison, it would rarely live a few minutes 
after, so deadly and rapid is its effect. 

So extremely virulent, however, is this drug that 
it not only poisons the meat but if left for any 
time renders even the skin useless, hence is never 
used by the trapper on this account, except in 
such cases as afore mentioned on some destruc- 
tive beast. 

Again, buyers of fur, refuse almost to buy skms 
that are full of shot holes; a rifle bullet even de- 

340 




creasing its value especially so should" the ball 
plough a furrow in the hide. Hence the query of 
the experienced fur buyer or taxidermist to the 
sportsman, hunter or trapper ^'Are your skins 
trapped or shot"" speaks for itself. . 

Furs or skins to be used as robes or clothing to sat- 
isfy the demands of fashion are assorted into 
grades pr primes according to sizes and condition 
varying in value from loc to $300. The small 
prime skin of the Black Fox being worth today 
Ma/ i-ww and the fortunate sportsman or trapper 
who by a practice of the art during a single winter 
can clear in a day's time often a sum equivalent to. 
that earned in a year, by some of his less fortunate 
brethren. 

Among the valuable marketed skins today can 
be classed that of the following American animals 
that are to be found in almost every state: 

Antelope' 

Bears all kiads 

Beaver 

Badgers 

Cats all kinds 

De^r 

Dogs 

Elk 

Fisher Mountain Lions 

It obvious then, that some one must trap these 
animals. Hence to aid them is th^ purpose of 
this manual. 

In the experience of the vast army of trappers 
at home and abroad, reaching to the heart of the 
Russian and Arctic fur bearing countries. No 
trap ever made has equalled the celebrated Amer- 
ican or Newhouse steel trap of today, for over 
40 years tke standard. They are simple, (the 
secret of their success) efficient, cheap and adapt- 
ed to'and for the capture of any animal that 
walks, swims, crawls or creeps on earth or its 
streams at the present writing, not even excepting 
the Elephant. 

It is unnecessary to enter into details as to the 
requirements of these traps or their construction, 
let it suffice to say that if the ''Newhouse Stand- 
ards is secured and used you have the best and 
most reliable that money can buy.- 

341 



Foxes all kinds 


Opposum 


Lynx 


Otter 


Marten 


Raccoon 


Mink 


Skunk 


Muskrat 


Squirrel 
Wolverine 


Moose 


Weasels 


Wolves 


Moles 


Wild Cat 





In the capture of various animals the employ- 
ment of several other contrivances are necessary 
but as these are best furnished from resources on 
hand in any locality where the trapper's art is 
practiced, they need not be included in One's out- 
fit, but which will be amply described and later 
can be improvised. 

Often, after the securing of divers animals it is 
n^cessdiTy io provide some nieani rendering the 
freeing of themselves impossible as they are not 
adverse to even gnawing off their own legs to es- 
cape. Again, while caught thus their cries or ef- 
forts to escape often attract their enemies who 
partly devour them. Hence the employment of 
simple means to frustrate them as follows: 

No. 1. By Use of tlie "Spring Pole"— Select a 
small tree near where your trap is to be set, trim 
it for use as a spring as it stands. If no small tree 
is available select a small, stout sapling (and set- 
ting it into the ground well and secure make it 
answer the purpose.) Bend down its flexible top, 
fasten the chain ring to it and secure it thus, while 
in its bent position by a 7iotch or hook or a small 
stake driven in the ground. When the animal is 
caught by his own struggle he dislodges the stake 
or hook and the sapling springs into its normal 
position, carries or lifts him in the air, out of reach 
of prowlers and preventing his own escape by 
struggle or otherwise. About the only special re- 
quirement being that this spring pole be propor- 
tioned to the weight of the game it -as expected to 
lift 

No. 2. "The Slide"— >^5 all wuter animals 
are mostly trapped in close proximity to their 
haunts or at the edges (even in their waters) and 
as they invariably plunge therein when caught the 
wily trapper avails himself and turns this into 
good account, against the animal, thus making 
doubly sure of his catch; to hold and drown him 
there no matter what his size. This is arranged 
by several means, the sliding pole Or chain or a 
very heavy wire often "answering the same pur- 
pose. This is secured to the bank and weighted 
with a "clog" or heavy stone in the water. The 
chain ring of the trap is. then secured to this pole 
or chain which reaches to the bottom of the water. 

342 



^"r^^s^^^j^^i^ 






The only essential being that the chain ring of the 
trap will travel down freely, to its base, being held 
by the clog or stone. When the animal is caught 
it leaps or drags the trap with it into the water and 
the ring sliding down the pole, chain or wire pre- 
vents him from rising or returning thus drown- 
ing him and preventing its flesh or hide being torn 
or discovered by his enemies or even frightening 
others. The other device is called 

No. 3. "The Drag or Clog"— This is used 
mostly for land animals, either small ones or those 
of huge and tremendous strength, such as the 
Bear, etc. For these animals {in fact for no ani- 
mal) must the trap ever be staked, fast. Most 
people erroneously believe that traps (lar^e ones 
especially) must be staked fast so as their prey 
will be held there. This is wrong. For if this is 
done they will either chew or pull their legs off or 
beat the trap to pieces. But, if on the other hand, 
they are only encumbered with the drag or clog 
of say equal weight (or even less) than their own, 
they will only drag it about or vent their spite on 
it, and its object is only to encumber the animal so 
as he cannot run off ; far care should be taken not 
to fasten the chain at the center (of a log or heavy 
stick of wood) best near of its ends, lest it catch 
and thus permit him to tear himself out. The 
best way being to slip the chain around the heavi- 
est, widest part of the clog and secure it there with 
a wedge; many cutting a recess for the chain so as 
to more seclirely hold it besides. 

These are all the essentials for almost any trap- 
ping outfit and together with other items that I 
shall now describe complete alt the necessaries 
for an extended trip. 

The Trappers' Outfit 

Like all other things, no man can excel in any 
art unless he makes a study of it. He must be- 
come familiar with the habits and haunts of ani- 
mals, so as to locate them. Armed with such 
knowledge his outfit need not be extensive, and a 
dozen good traps in the hands of any careful trap- 
per would equal a hundred with a shiftless one. 
As to what is needed is for the trapper himself to 

..43 





»344 




The Bear trap, "offset and jaws" 
Head Trapping, Etc. 




The Muskrat Trap— This style and size used for all small animals, 
by old trappers. 

{It is used more than any other style or size.) 



determine; depend largely on the game he .geeks, 
the country, its proximity to civilization or his 
method of living. Equipped with an outfit 
of traps, axe, spade^ shot gun or rifle, warm 
clothing, food, a robust constitution and ever 
willing hands, two men of intelligence can 
today start out in the early fall and pene- 
trate the heart of the -woods and its streams, 
and by judicious management erect even a com- 
fortable winter hut and by united labor and the 
thoughtful exercise of judgemnt live well, turn- 
ing. their skill to various good results, and by.dilli- 
gence at the end of the winter, by turning their pro- 
duct over reap a snug sum, do they but select the 
right place and follow the instructions herein giv- 
en to the letter. To those, however, not willing to 
be patient and labor to overcome successive fail- 
ures patiently my advice is first and last to leave 
trapping alone. 

No body of men are more honest, whole-souled, 
generous or contented than the intelligent class of 
American trappers living perhaps in the heart of 
the forests, on the borders of its marshes and froz- 
en streams; his rough and genial face and his 
simple, honest greeting and fare renders the one 
who accepts of hishosiptality and frugal living (ever 
ready to be shared with you) equal to the enter- 
taining hospitality that millionaire lackeys bestow 
on a generous guest, for there "dollars count" here 
the man. Often has the writer shared their frugal 
hospitality even to the borders of the Hiidson 
Bay trapping region and I vowed if ever oppor- 
tunity occurred I would strive in a mea'sure to give 
to the world facts as they are concerning these 
men, honest faithful servants for all mankind, and 
as yoti, their more fortunate brethren, clasp around 
wives, sweethearts and children that you love, 
dainty or fashionable furs, console yourself with 
the knowledge that you have lent an aid to a 
worthy class, who perhaps now are facing winter 
storms and hardships that you may derive comfort 
and pleasure from the objects gained after many a 
ceaseless search, tramp and weary toil. 



346 



^ 



Secrets of Trapping 

About every other writer on these subjects goes 
into more or less superfluous detail describing 
each and every animal, color of their hair, weight, 
length and in tracing the specie back to the days 
it was first found; the purposes for which its fur 
was used then. The methods in existence at that 
time for their capture, together with varied (not 
instructive) experiences in capturing them. 

All this, I admit, is interesting reading. Kut 
what the "Tyro" needs today is information boil- 
ed down. As to how to set traps and catch ani- 
mals, the.question of identification of species is an 
easy matter, after they are caught, for novvadays 
the trapper seldom finds in his trap what it was 
set for, 1 do not then propose in a volume of this 
size, to enter into such special details. And in- 
stead of giving information covering the many 
species, I shall confine my remarks \.o general in- 
structions applicable to all animals. , And instead 
of dwelling on individual kinds, shall simply 
classify them into with /z«/a species, viz: 

Aquatic and Laxtd Animals— For no matter 
what the kind, much the same are the methods 
used in their capture. About the only difference 
being the size of the traps used. The methods 
of setting and handling them varying very little. 
The Secret of Trapping— Is in first locating 
the haunts of the animal. If it is an Aquatic or 
water animal, look for traces of them, closely in- 
specting every portion of such waterways, swamps, 
rivers, ponds or streams they inhabit. Search 
every sppt that would leave the impression of their 
feet or body. Look about for "signs" that is the 
first essential, then try and observe the route of 
the animal so as to find their haunts. . Look for 
droppings, signs of recent meals, holes, and by 
careful examination at these places, you are apt 
to find a few hairs of the animal which will inai- 
cate kind that frequents there. Secret yourself at 
some point of vantage, watch and wait. True, it 
takes time and patience, plenty of it, but it's abso- 
lutely essential. Look for their runways, slides 
and routes. This done, set your traps in these 

347 




places, most carefully arranging them and leaving 
the place just as you found it if you possibly can 
do so. Destroy every trace of your presence 
there and touch nothing with yotir bare hands. 
If your traps are placed in the right spots you 
rarely need baits. These are mostly for attracting 
them. If, however, your traps (see traps) are to 
be set under water (as indeed most traps for water 
animals should be) you may handle them with 
bare hands with impunity. 

If it is winter then you will find most such ani- 
mals as Muskrats and Beavers living in their dome 
like structures, around sluggish streams, ponds, 
etc., the Muskrat especially, as Beavers do not 
always live in dams or huts (this is only done 
where water is unplentiful.) If water is there in 
plenty, Beavers do not build dams but make 
their nests under banks, with their entrances un- 
der water and their huts in front of them. If it is 
summer they swim or roam around and you are 
just as apt to find them one place as another about 
waters. The foods of aquatic animals are roots of 
flags, grasses, water plants and succulent plants 
that grow about the banks and shores of their 
homes. They are fond of berries, nuts, vegetables, 
wild oats, seeds, etc. The Muskrat especially be- 
ing fond of flesh, apples, corn or vegetables of al- 
most any kind. These are used for baits when 
necessary, and traps can be set in their play 
grounds, holes, or best where they enter and leave 
the waters, setting them a trifle under waters. If 
bait is used it should be stuck up on a pointed 
stick (fastened to it) and arranged in such a way 
that the animal must step on the trap to secure 
it (usually 8 to lo inches high being ample) and 
the "slide" attached so as to drown the animal, 
that it may not alarm the others. If Beaver trajD- 
ping, arrange traps at such points where the ani- 
mal will pass or repass, always a few inches under 
water, drenching your tracks if any, to wash the 
scent away. If after Mink, set your traps either 
on land or water near their banks or holes (con- 
cealing them) with leaves, rotten wood, water 
grass, etc., using for bait fish, birds, flesh of the 
Muskrat, etc., (scented) and so arranged as he 
must step on the trap in order to reach it. Like 

348 



^^(^2^ 



Animals That are Trapped, 






f* 


'/Jl^^^i^Kki, 


&* 


^iJBS^^ ^Hi 


Bt^\ 


=^^^^ i^^^^mM 


^^DB^i.>i;t>^ 




'^MSStSS^^ 


^1^^^-^^^ 


w^m. 


The Beaver. 





^ 


i)^^<*)' 


"^''Ttfiiimiii 


'^m 






'H 








The Muskrat. 



Valuable for 
Their Furs. 







i^^^v 






I^^^N^^ 


':fJ 




H^P^p 




y^" 


The Raccoon. 



Read the 
Trappers Guide 




Enemies of the Hunter or Trapper. 






A'' 


^^gg 


^^^^^^m' 


The 


Canada Lynx. 




The Grizzly Bear— "Old Eph." 










W^M^' 


















"-•"■ ■'■ —^iT^ 






H^^i 


-.'i 


^ 


^^0^ 


» 


7 


1 


y:a 




^^ 


:■ 


w^m 


;?^ia 


rf^- 








The Wolvertne 






other aquatic animals (although not amphibious) 
Mink had best be drowned. If after Otter, set 
traps at the top of their slides or better still where 
they land, which is usually where the waters are 
shallow (or in their paths leading to these places) 
and using the clutch or Otter trap (see traps.) 
These instructions are general and cover aquatic 
animals; so we will now go into detail about those 
of the more numerous specie, ''the land animal " 

In all cases where the use of traps are made 
baits are necessary mostly only to attract the ani- 
mal, much more so. than the feeding of them 
Natural foods abound in plenty. No animal de- 
pends on trap food or foods />«/? about by man for 
its existence, that's why they are suspicious of it, 
no matter how hungry they may be, they regard 
all such dead food or bait with suspicion. They 
choose or captiire their own foods, (and there are 
very few foolish animals.) Probably the Skunk 
and Bear are the only ones who are not suspicious. 
But this is not because of ignorance, but because 
nature has given them remarkable powers of de- 
fence, and they do not fear. That is why they are 
so easily captured, and called foolish. 

Don't ever think because you have traps set and 
baited that this is all, for if you do, you will get 
nothing for your pains. The whole secret is in 
concealing your traps in such a way as they can- 
not tell where the traps are^ and in passing or 
reaching over it, they will step on the pan and be 
caught. Don't ever put bait on the pan (like \ 
have seen many do.) If you use bait, that is most- 
ly for the purpose of decoying them, and as they 
step up to it to investigate or possibly reach it, if 
they are hungry, it must be so placed that in do- 
ing so they must set their feet on the pan without 
knowing it, and when you have mastered these de- 
tails, you will know a little about traps and trap- 
ping, and one-half of the battle is won. 

The Othe^r Half-Consists in preparing your traps 
as the scent of most animals can locate even the 
iron of which they are made, especially so if it is 
rusty< requiring no little attention of the trapper to 
frustrate it. Again, traps should be washed and 
triled, even smoked, and as said before, handled 
with gloves. This, however, is unnecessary where 

351 



^^ 





traps are laid rn waters (as indeed it is best to 
place them for all aquatic animals.) This should 
be done at points where previous search has re- 
vealed such places as they enter or leave the 
water, sometimes called slides. In all cases of 
trapping- animals of any kind it is obvious that of 
the ioods, those they like, are best suited lor baits, 
be h flesh, fish or zege.table. If they are carniv- 
orous animals, (flesh eating) flesh is undoubtedly 
preferable. If omnivorous (eating everything in- 
discriminately) almost any foods will suffice al- 
though preference should be shown to those kinds 
Qf which they are especially fond. If the animal 
is nocturnal, as indeed most animals are, night is 
the best time for their capture and as land a?n- 
rnals viiist come to the watei'S to drUtk, their 
routes approaching such waters must be noted 
and trap)s laid in their paths at various points. In 
this, as indeed, all things, one has to tax his in- 
genuity so as to unconsciously lead the animal in- 
to the tiap. 

One of the most successful trappers I have 
known told me his success was due to setting his 
traps in such positions, as for instance, directly in 
the narrow path between two banks, well inside 
their holes, or in arranging logs almost V shape 
leaving the smaller part of the V open so as to 
permit an animal to pass through, and setting his 
trap hid in the opening. Again in naturally plac- 
ing a twig or two in such a way as the animal 
would lift his feet over it and step on the pan (by 
his carefulness.) Again, in placing his bait well 
under logs and then arranging his trap in such a 
way, close to it, that the animal would when he 
went to paw the bait out touch the pan of the hid- 
den trap. Again by leading a trail of tiny pieces 
of meat or blood to his trap and fastening his bait 
just over the trap. Another method which partic- 
ularly struck my fancy was by cutting down a 
small tiee and laying (as though 'twas killed by 
the falling of the tree) a bird or rabbit under it, 
leaving a certain portion exposed. This was care- 
fully done and his traps deftly laid on either side 
of it. {After those parts that'were exposed had 
been found and eate7i first) For the animal was 
pretty sure to return for the remaining portion 



352 



^^^^^zi^'s^s^^-^r" 





. This illustration shows the trap concealed A rnnn 

inStlTVVnir^'i'f *'^ de^or-Hif attenlionTs 
(n^vt ^.„?t *"'"' ^'^^'^ ^° investigate. (Continued on 



353 




This illustration shows how the trap catches around the 
animaTs neck and chokes it tO death. 

iAbove traps are especiairy designed for Gophers, Squirrels, Mink, 
Rabbits, Skunk. Raccoon, Badger, etc, etc. 



lUuitratioDS by Courtesy of North Western Hide and Fur Companj. 
(Specialists in Furs and Trappers Supplies) 




under the lo^ as a second meal. "Then," said he, 
"it worked like a charm." Still another was to 
bore with a two inch auger a hole in a log and to 
fill it with scented baits. The animal would use 
its paws to dig it out after it had licked out all it 
could (this was done first in many places.) Then 
when signs appeared that some animal had been 
at zVhis trap was laid and rarely without securing 
something. One of the best ideas is when a hol- 
low log is found (or even a partly rotten one) is to 
SQOop out a portion as though some animal had 
done it, baiting the interior and hiding a trap or 
two under the rotten wood that seems to have 
been scratched out. A trail was then lead to this 
log by several routes and a chance animal locat- 
ing it would follow to the log and scenting the bait 
inside, would readily enter it, in the belief that a 
feast or a part of one was inside. The result was 
one of the several traps hidden secured him. 

Such things as these are what count in the art of 
"trappers woodcraft," for it's mostly brains against 
cunning. The simpler the method, the easier the. 
success. Trapping is a science, for it is devoid of 
sport. Probably none of my readers have ever 
heard before of the most simple yet effective small 
trap known today (unthought of years ago) is ar- 
ranged by boring holes in billets of wild woods 
and ifiserting around them sharp pointed horse 
shoe nails leaving sufficient room for the head and 
shoulders of a small animal to pass through be- 
fore it reaches bait concealed behind its points. 
As the animal cannot pass through after securing 
the bait, by its attempt to withdraw, it is pierced 
by the sharp points of the horse shoe nails and 
held there until the billet is split so as to remove 
it. And as these small animals serve as bait, leav- 
ing the larger traps free to be used for valuable 
ones, it is obvious that the plan is most excellent 
as a trapper's aid in securing fresh bait. 

Oftimes old trappers preserve ^all droppings 
(manure) they find. Likewise remnants of feasts, 
feathers, etc., which they use with success to cover 
and hide their traps. Besides this they smear 
them with blood to prevent the scent of iron and 
causing the animal to paw in its vicinit)^ as though 
some buried ganle was there. Where baits are used 

355 



I 



all trappers make them doul)ly effective by using 
powerful scents some of them truly '■'the king of 
stinks'^ most offensive and nauseating to the user 
of them, yet so powerful are they that when used 
right they decoy animals for miles away. Of 
these there many among which is "fish oil" made 
by the simple plan of cutting up fish of any 
kmd (rich or oily preferred) such as trout, eels, 
etc., into small bits, putting them into a bottle and 
exposing it to the sun. In a few weeks, according 
to the weather a rancid oil is formed, a few drops 
of which smeared over the bait or trap with a 
feather will draw most any animaj to it that hap- 
pens that way, while without it it would have 
passed and repassed again. Other powerful 
scents are obtained by the trappers from the ani- 
mals themselves— from the Beaver (called casto- 
reum) which is now a regular article of commerce. 
Others being secured from the Muskrat female or 
even from the Skunk, or a drug known as "assa- 
foetida." Oftimes these are compounded or mixed 
together resulting in the ne plus ultra or quintes- 
sence of diabolical stenches, which despite their 
nastiness, irresistably lure many animals to their 
doom, and called "medicine." Again plants serve 
the same purpose, such as fennel, cummin, ferlu- 
greek, lavender, even the perfume of rhodmm (oil 
of rose) costly as it is. No two trappers choosing 
hardly the same, "each swearing by his particular 
kind of stink" yet all agree that without it, oftimes 
all their efforts would be in vain, as by its use 
the chances of failure is reduced to a minimum. 
These can be ]3urchased and should my readers 
desire to acquaint or test their virtues, samples 
can be had at an expenditure of 25 cents. By its 
use "trails" are made by dragging along the ground 
from distances away to the traps pieces of bloody 
meats, fish or entrails of fowl or animal which has 
been smeared in the preparation. At times the 
soles of boots are smeared with it, occasionally as 
the trapper goes his rounds, thus covering his 
entire line of traps (usually he visits or goes these 
rounds early in the morn) or especially at the ap- 
proach of stormy weather. Nature has endowed 
all animals with the powers of knowledge neces- 
sary as ij to warn them to skirmish for their 

356 



food so as they can retire to their haunts until such 
time as the storm has passed, when they reappear 
as though by infinite command, even enabling cer- 
tain species to hibernate, which is not by any 
means confined to the bear. When snow flies 
then trapping is at its best, for even the inexperi- 
enced can then follow the trail, while it also forms 
the easiest hiding places for the traps. Here a 
favorite method of old trappers is to bury bait, scent 
it and following its removal to place there his trap 
with bait again oeloiv the trap, for the animal is 
almost sure to return, pawing as usual to remove it, 
he places his foot in the trap and is caught. An- 
other method of the artful trapper is- to set his 
traps on the edges of shallow water, staked to the 
bank or "sliding pole" submerged just under the 
surface of the water, its distance from the edge of 
the bank being about the reach of the foot of the 
animal. He then cuts a sod of grass, just the size 
of the inside of the trap's jaws, and places it over 
the pan carefully. The bait is then placed beyond. 
When an animal goes to reach the bait he natural- 
ly places his foot on the sod of grass to support 
him, when the trap is sprung and he is caught 
fast; extreme care however, being taken that the 
trap and sod be placed naturally even with the 
surface and seemingly a solid foundation, and 
the bait, usually a dead bird or rabbit, placfed about 
a foot or so away and secured by a cord and stone. 
When however, the trapper is fortunate enough' 
to secure an excess of meat, or to kill a larger ani 
mal such as Antelope, Deer, Moose, 'etc. by his 
skill with the gun or riRe, 'away from his trapping 
district, then he is in his element, especially if 
Wolves, Coyotes, etc. abound, for his success is as- 
sured. Skinning the animal and helping himself 
to Its choicest portions for his sustenance and the 
hide: he disembowels the animal, applies his med- 
icine and drags the entrails towards the carcass 
from all directions like the spokes of a wheel; he 
then sets his traps about the carcass, a trifle away 
from it and retires A day or night or two might 
pass without reward, but sooner or later success 
comes beyond his expectations, for such a feast 
cannot pass unobserved. Soon one appears, then 
lilore and more, until a veritable pack of savage 



357 



vo 



I 



beasts are soon feasting. Should any touch his 
traps that lay a distance away, it is caught, then 
another and another, until his traps are full. If his 
drags and clogs are right, these howling with , 
pain, retire to a distance, and their howls mingleiL'' 
with that of the beasts fighting for their share, fill 
the very air with trappers music. Morning comes 
and the trapper, rifle in hand, secures several more 
by his skillful aim. Fear he knows not, (or seldom 
will the beasts (gorged as they are with foods) re- 
sent his appearance, especially as daylight ap- 
proaches; seeking his traps and the animals there- 
in, which are seldom afar, he dispatches his vic- 
tims, and using their carcasses sets his traps "ad 
finituxn," and his winter's catch is assuredly suc- 
cessful. The writer himself had the pleasure of such 
an experience when employed in the service of the 
U S. Government, on the borders of Texas (i88$ 
to 1893) and with seven rusty ol,d Newhouse traps 
secured by the Indian scouts, none of tliem the 
regular Wolf trap (No. 4>^,) captured no less than 
five Wolves and Coyotes, besides shooting down 
with our rifles before dispersing them^ seven oth- 
ers, and as the Texas bounty alone (not counting 
value of hides) was then $25.00 each, I leave it to 
the reader whether it was good night's work; and 
were it not for the fact that we could not (being on 
travel orders) delay, there would have been no 
telling what our final aggregate could have been. 
In conclusion however, let me say that the carcass 
referred to, was in this case, several Deer shot by 
the Indians for food, and well staked down to the 
earth, to preclude any possibility of their being 
dragged away. 



/»K 




ouwouiS 



/vV 




/-/iX/T-.)'-^ 



358 



Trappers Aids 



The Best Bear Bait— Is honey smeared on 
fresh fish, or burnt honey comb. 

A Slendid Place for a Trap— Is between two 
logs where there is a passage way through which 
the animal must pass; by-paths as they are termed, 
natural channels, crevices or paths littered with 
hollow logs, etc. through which the animal must 
pass, or is apt to. 

Never Handle Traps — With bare hands, use 
rags or buckskin gloves. Never spit about where 
traps are laid. 

Use Scent Baits— Wherever possible. Bark- 
stone, Fish Oil, Castorium, Musk, Assafoetida, Oil 
of Rhodium, Oil of Skunk, Amber, Anise, Sweet 
Fennel, Cummin, Fenugreek, Lavender or a com- 
pound of them all. 

Read the Game Laws— Of the U. S. and Can- 
ada. Price 25 cents. 

Soak a Piece of Meat— In the scent compound 
and drag it along on the ground between your run 
of traps, it is very effective as a trail to the trap, 
leading animals into them. 

Clogs Used On Traps Should never be secur- 
ed to a tree or stake, let it be a stone or log of size 
and weight equal to the game you desire to trap; 
fasten it so it cannot be jerked off. 

No Sportsman — Hunter, trapper, angleror fish- 
erman should fail to secure and read (post up) on 
the Game and Fish Laws of the U. S. and Canada, 
especially of the laws concerning the game where 
you propose to hunt them. Send for a copy, price 
25 cents (coin or stamps) and avoid borrowing 
trouble. 

Always Place Your Traps— Where you can in- 
spect them with the least difficulty. Animals often 
visit traps a dozen limes, smelling them suspic- 
iously and leaving them by reason of that suspic- 
ion. If your traps are right never touch or change 
them. If a storm or blizzard comes, snow and cold 
in plenty, you will then ^et your reward, as the 
snow covers the suspicious part and the cold 





1 



makes them hungry enough not to be too particu- 
lar. 

Trapper Packs — Including traps, have the limit 
of weight at about 60 to 75 lbs. 

Por Trapping Deer — Use the New House No. 
4, forSkunk, No. 2. 

In Baiting Traps— Always place the bait eith- 
er on stick above the trap or in an enclosure, so 
arranged as the animal must step on or run over 
the trap, or better yet, jump up to get it; never 
place it on the pan. ~^ 

Quantity of Traps to Take— Depends on the 
locality you trap in. If you travel by boat or team 
your supply need not be limited, but if you intend 
to make a business of trapping, the more the bet- 
ter. (See packing traps.) 

Season of Trapping — November to April. Furs 
ifrom May to September are useless. Winter furs 
only are in prime. 

Always Set Traps— For aquatic animals where 
they can take to the water, and by weight of the 
traps and chains drown themselves. 

To Make Pish Oil.— The scent used by many 
old trappers. Take Trout, Eels or fat fish of any 
kind, cut in small pieces and put them in bottles, 
and leave in hot sun, when an oil and putrid smell 
acctimulates. Use this to scent your bait. 

Bird or Pish Heads are Good Bait— In cold 
weather; Smoke your baits to give them a strong- 
er smell, or smear your traps with blood, using a 
feather to smear it over them. Fried meats smear- 
ed with honey is good trap bait. . 

Use— No. 5 or 6 Newhouse traps for Bear, Moose^ 
etc. "No; 4>^ for Wolf. No. 2>^ for Otter. 

To Capture Small Birds — Use bird lime made 
as follows: , Take the inner bark of sl.ippery elm 
which should be gathered in the early summer, 
scraped into a*pulvp and simmer slowly in just 
enough water to cover it, stirring and mushing it so 
as to extract the substance; add to it linseed oil, 
and when thick enough like glue, it can be smear- 
ed oyer limbs or trees where birds frequent. The 
best bird lime is made from varnish or linseed oil 
alone, boiled down until a thick gummy mass. 



k^«.. . . ' ' ' - 



360 



u 



If you can secure an owl fasten it to some spot 
frequented by birds, and a short distance away 
smear the limbs or twigs with bird lime. When 
the owl which is the most detested enemy of all 
birds is found, it will attract a veritable swarm of 
birds to that vicinity, when they will be caught by 
the quicklime that surrounds the captured owl. 

An Indian Method in Winter— Of killing wild 
game, wolves, bears, etc. is to take a piece of flex- 
ible steel or whalebone, anything that has a bend 
to it, and bend it into as small a circle as possible, 
seciiring it with the sinews of the deer, this they in- 
sert in a ball of meat, flesh, fat and blood and al- 
low the whole ball, (not a large one) to freeze. A 
number of these they throw out on the snow or ice, 
about the haunts of the animals; coming along they 
find them and being hungry, ravenously devour or 
swallow them, on account of their being hard and 
frozen. The heat of the stomach soon melts the 
frozen parts of flesh and sinews, when the spring 
coil straightens out piercing the stomach, causing 
agony, and death which in due time ensues, and by 
following the trail of i\\e animal they invariably 
find them, perhaps locating others besides. In the 
Arctic regions where the writer spent over three 
years living constantly with various tribes of 
Esquimos, I have often assisted in the preparation 
of these killing balls, and witnessed their fearful 
results. 

Don't Porget to- Read— The Game Laws of the 
U. S. and Canada, before you start on a trip, (price 
25 cents postpaid) ignorance of the laws excuses 
no one. Send for a copy and avoid trouble. 

If iTou Like This Book — Send for its mates, 
The Complete Camper's Manual or How to Camp 
Out and What to Do; The Complete Fisherman 
and Angler's Manual or How to Catch Fish; each 
140 pages, nearly 300 illustrations. Same price as 
this volume. 

The three volumes all bound together in cloth, 
over 400 pages and 800 illustrations, prepaid to any 
address for $1.00. Splendid acceptable presents, 
any time. 







361 



Por Cold Nights Sleeping — Use a pair of Arc- 
tic or loose sleeping socks. No fear of cojd feet at 
night when sleeping. Price only 25 cents. 

To Make Traps Rustproof— Dip them in a so- 
lution of melted beeswax and rosin. 

Set Traps Whenever Possible — In the runways 
or paths of animals. 

In Rutting Season — Use for Skunk bait, musk 
of skunk or rotten eggs with old meat. 

In Baiting With Muskrat— Use for scent musk 
from the rat. In baiting with fish, use fish oil for' 
scent. 

A Practical Trap — Can be made by boring a 
series of tw^o-injch or larger auger holes in a water 
logged stump or log, and driving in two or three 
horse shoe nails, so that any small headed animal 
who thrusts in his head to secure bait behind the 
nails cannot withdraw his head, because the nails 
catch and kill him. 

Set Traps for Otter— At the foot of their slides 
a trifle under the water. Beaver also. 

The Secret of Trapping Wild Animals.— My 

style of setting traps was most simple and very ef- 
fective, although it required a good many traps to 
do the work. Knowing the habits of the animals I 
was trying to catch alive I adopted the- following 
methods. 

I set my traps only on the trails running through 
the thickest part of the woods. Here we would 
bury traps at intervals along the path by first dig- 
ging a hole with a hatchet and removing the earth. 
Then we carefully laid a trap in place, laying a 
piece of canvas under the trap pan to keep the 
earth from interfering with the spring or clogging 
it. Next we carefully covered the trap with earth 
and smoothed the ground off, after securing the 
trap chain to limb of a busli or trunk of a tree. 
We were careful to place a few branches or stones 
on either side of the path ahead of each trap to 
guide the animal directly over the trap into it. 

Then all was ready but one thing and that was 
the SGcret of our great success in trapping animals. 
We placed a small stick across the path right in 







front of [he. trap. This served to guide the ani- 
mal's foot directly on to the pan of the trap, as an 
animal in walking on a trail will never tread on a 
stick, but always take a short step without touch- 
ing it. A stick placed at the right distance in 
front of the trap will always have the desired ef- 
fect. All animals while prowling through the 
woods will follow a trail when they encounter one 
for some distance before taking to the woods again. 
Consequently a line of traps set at intervals of a 
few rods along the paths through the woods is 
pi-etty sure to land any wandering animal. 

Wolves Will Not— Touch dead game if it is 
partly covered with brush, leaves, etc., as they fear 
a trap. 

Always Suspend Your Bait— A trifle ovef the 
trap so as the anitnal must step on the pan to se- 
cure it. 

Shipping Skins, Etc. — We request Hunters or 
trappers who are shipping to us, when they kill ex- 
tra fine specimens of Deer, Antelope, Mountain 
Sheep, Elk, Moose or Caribou, leave the feet, head 
and horns on. We want them for mounting pur- 
poses. They should be boxed and sent by freight 
and billed as green hides, than they will come at 
lowest freight rate. Also, when they kill well fur- 
red Bear, Wolf, Fox, Wolverine or Wild Cat, they 
should be skinned in good shape, head and feet 
perfect, leaving the claws on. Salt the skin of 
their feet and put some salt in their ears. 

Don't Ship Skins— Unless caught in season and 
prime, and have them tanned right; forihose how- 
ever who are in the woods, away from shipping 
points, these receipts are mostly intended for. 

In Skinning" Hides— Keep the back of the 
knife close to the hide (always) and draw out the 
skin with tlie left hand, using a skinning knife to 
insure success. 

To Salt Hides — Remove flesh or excess fat, put 
on plenty of salt thick, when the salt is absorbed 
put on more, roll up tight fur side out, cord it and 
is ready to ship. 

To Catch Muskrat.— In the female muskrat, 
near the vagina, is a small bag which holds 30 to 

363 



u 



40 d.ops. Now aJI the trapper has to do, is to pro- 
cure a few female muskrais and squeeze the con- 
tents of the bag into a vial. Now, when in quest 
of muskrats. sprinkle a few drops of the liquid on 
the hushes over and around ilie trap. This will 
attidct the male muskrats in large numbers, and if 
the traps are properly arranged, large numbers of 
them may be taken. 

In Poisoningr Wolves, Poxes, Etc.— Place the 
poison m center of meat balls. 

Largre Game or Whole Deer- Should never be 
skinned for shipment; draw the entrails, wash in-' 
side with cold water. 

Game Birds- Should be shipped in natural 
state, undrawn, m cold weather; in liot weather 
draw as soon as killed, if to be shipped. 

Never Dry Skins by a Fire-It ruins and 
spoils them. 

ijuantity of Traps to a Barrel.— Traps that are 
packed in barrels number as follows: Size No o 
30 to 50 traps to a barrel; No. i, 25 to 35- No iK 
15 to 25; No. 2, 10 to 15; No. 2K, 8 to 12; No. 3. 610' 
10; No. 4, 5 to 8; No. 4^, 2 or 3. 

Weight of Traps Per Dozen— (Newhouse) No. 
07 lbs.; No. I, 10 lbs.; No. i^, 13 lbs.; No. 2, 17 
lbs.; No. 3, 28 lbs.; No. 4, 33 lbs.; No. 4/2, 98 lbs. 
' ^ Right Traps to tJse.-No. o, Rat or Gopher; 
No. I, Muskrat; No. i^, Mink; No. 2, Fox; No. 
2>^ and 3, Otter; No. 4, Beaver; No. 4/2, Wolf; No 
5; Bear; No. 6 (for Grizzly Bear, Lions, Tigers, 
Cougars) It IS the strongest trap made, weight 45 

Cost of Traps— Range from $4.25 per doz. with 
chams complete to $20.00 each, according to size. 
Price list as follows: 

XT .^ ^ Pe'' doz- 

No. Rat S4.V5 

No. 1 Muskrat 5. 00 

No. 114 Mink 7 

No. 2 Fox lo.so 

No. 214 Otter with tetth 14.00 
No. 3 Otter 16.50 

Traps above complete wi 
use. 




Per doz. 
No. 3)4 Large Otter $J8.0J 

No. 4 Beaver 16. 50 

No. 4}4 Wolf 40.00 

No- 5 Bear 75 00 

No. 6 Large Bear 240.00 

th all chains ready for 



364 




A Unique Trap.— Cut a small bush (spruce or 
pine is best) stick it up in deep snow or through 
the ice of a small river or stream; such a curious 
thing will attract animals to it, being new to them. 
Small pieces of meat, and several traps placed 
here and there about it, is pretty sure to lar^d an 
animal or two after a few nights. Scent your main 
bait, which should hang so as the animal must put 
his foot on the pan of trap to reach it! 

Another One. — Bore holes in the ground and 
fill them with bait scented, in a circle, your trap 
in the center, is mighty apt to catch something, es- 
pecially if two natural logs V shape lay near it. It 
is sure death to Wolves if tlie bait is poisoned and 
frozen. 

Burning Sulphur or Brimstone— Placed in the 
hole of any animal will smother them out or kill 
them. 

Skunks in Their Holes — Will not throw their 
scent. Old trappers put their hands in and pull 
them out by tlie tail, hitting them with a club the 
moment their head appears. They will not bite at 
these times, so don't be afraid. 

Trap Set for Skunk— Needs no covering, they 
are not suspicious but go right in. 

All Water Animals — Are prime while ice is in 
the rivers or streams. 

Clean and Smoke Your Traps — Using smoke 
from feathers of birds. Never handle them with 
bare hands. Wash them well and oil them first. 

Wash Traps— With weak lye or soapsuds, then 
grease and smoke them over burnt feathers, and 
never touch them with the hands. 

It is Not Safe — To send hides to market green 
except in winter or freezing cold weather. 

Unseasonable Turs— Are graded 2, 3 or 4, last 
grades, and are only prime No. i in early winter. 

Use McCall's Decoy— A powerful prepared 
scent to attract animals. Small can costs $1.00. 

When Traps Are Set— Smear with a feather 
your scent baits over it, and you are almost sure of 
{,5uccess. 



-^^QZ^< 



365 



Pure Strychnine — Costs $1.50 per oz. Sure 
death capsules for killing wolves, foxes, etc- 

Use Buckskin or Moosehide Moccasins— When 
hunting or trapping; and do not stir up the ground 
when setting traps, be careful to leave the ground 
as near as you found it as possible to do. 

Tanning- Pur and Other Skins.— First: Re- 
move the legs and other useless parts and soak the 
skin soft; then remove the flesh substances and 
soak in warm water for an hour; now: 

Take for one large or two or three small skins, 
borax, saltpetre and glauber-salt, of each Yz oz. 
and dissolve or wet with soft water sufficiently to 
allow it.to be spread on the flesh side of the skin. 

Put it on with a brush, thickest in the center or 
thickest part of the skin, and double the skin to- 
gether, flesh-side in, keeping it in a cool place for 
twenty-four hours, not allowing it to freeze, how- 
ever. 

Second: Wash the skin clean, and then: Take 
sal-soda, i oz.; borax, Y^ oz.; refined soap, 2 oz.; 
(white hard soap;) melt them slowly together, be- 
ing careful not to allow them to boil, and apply the 
mixture to the flesh-side as at first — roll up again 
and keep in a warm place for 24 hours. 

Third: Wash the skin clean, as above, and have 
saleratus two ounces, dissolved in hot rain watei 
sufficient to well saturate the skin, then: 

Take alum, 4 ozs.; salt, 8 ozs.; and dissolve also 
in hot rain water; when sufficiently cool to allow 
the handling of it without scalding, put in the skin 
for 12 hours; then wring out the water and hang 
up for 12 hours more, to dry. Repeat this last 
soaking and drying from 2 to 4 times according to 
the desired softness of tlie skin when finished. 

Lastly: Finish by pulling, working, etc. and fir 
nally by rubbiug wiih piece of pumice-stone and 
fine sand-paper. 

This works admirably on sheep skins as well as 
on fur-skins, dog, cat or wolf-skins also, making a 
durable leather well adapted to washing. 

Above recipes are reliable if strictly followed; if 
skins are however, well cleaned of meats and part 
of the fat well salted, rolled up and tied, they had 
best be shipped us at once. 

366 x^-t:^.^ yf,9^.^ ^ ^ 



n 



Newhouse Clamp. — A device for setting traps 

(large ones) $4.50 per dozen. 

Trap Wrenches— For Wolf traps, etc. per doz. 
$1.50 delivered F. O. B. cars at factory, or Chic- 
ago, 111,. 

A Novel and Effective Poison Trap— For 
Skunk, etc. -Bore holes in logs, then fill with lard, 
tallow,'etc.,^o which strychnine has been n;ixed. 
When it freezes they jnust lick it out, and it kills 
thehl before they can get far away. Scent the 
spot iso as to attract theni to it* 

Another Good Wayi;--Bore holes in logs, driv- 
ing borsfee shoe nails slanting in the holes, fill the 
recess behind the points or the nails with good 
scented baits; they will stick their heads and 
shoulders in to get it,, but they can't get them out, 
for the points of 'the nails prevent it. For small 
anirrials this is excellent, even for rats. 

Never Put the Bait— On the pan of the trap. 
Cover the pan with dry leaves Or dirt or both, nev- 
er use twigs on the jpan;' that is fdr the foot of the 
animal only. 

Always Bed Your/Traps— On .bare, smooth 

t round then cOverit with dry leaves taken from a 
istant spot; mixed with feathers. 

Animal Poisons— Put up especially for killing 
Skunks, Weasels, Wolves, etc. m form of capsules 
ready for use. 40 cents per dozen. We have them. 
Larger doses for Bear, etc. 50 cents per doz. Pure 
strychnine cyrstals or powder as desired, drachm 
bottles, 35 cents each, postpaid. Tastelessly ar- 
ranged ready for business. 

The Best Book on Trapping— "Camp Life and 

Tricks of Trapping," 300 pages, 500 illustrations; 
postpaid $r.oo. Write for one. 

Por a Complete Camp Cook Book— Send for a 
copy of the Complete Camper's Manual, or How 
to Camp Out and What to Do. 136 pages, over 
200 illustrations. 

Decoy Bait Scent— Is put up ready for trappers 
use, price 25 cents per oz. i pint can $2.50. We 
keep a supply on hand. 



^^^ 



367 




u 



using 
me same branch if needs be, to adjust" your daii 
over the trap, but rather choosing a natural bush 
or tree. Never set a trap until the last thing. 

Por Signs of Animals— Dung, signs of a meal, 
feathers, bones, etc., shed hair, holes, dens. Set 
traps here 

Preserve Leavings.— When you find featliers, 
etc. leavings of a meal, keep them to use in con- 
nection with coverings, of the trap you set, or set a 
trap about it. 

Skunk in Pall— Are often found in open fields, 
about small bushes, etc. In winter on higher 
ground. 

A Good Dog— Is a trapper's valuable adjunct; 
always aiding you to locate trails dens, etc. 

Good Baits-Are birds, fish, beef ofTals, rabbits, 
cheese, rotten eggs, entrails, etc. 

Trapper'sPatlence— Study it; don t pull up a 
trap, try again and again; stick right to good places. 

Opossums, Coons, Etc,— Are found in dense 
woods. 

Always Keep Traps— Free from rust, well 
greased and cleaned. 

In Setting Traps in Holes— Insert them well 
inside and scent th- m; don t place them outside, 
they can perceive the fraud. Cover with leaves. 

Bait Gone.— VVlun \ou find this, and trap still 
set, arrange your bait the other side of trap; leave 
the trap be. _ 

Mink can be found— Near swamps, along 
streams and their waterways, especially where 
dead wood, logs, etc. are bunched. Look for their 
tracks in the mud, sand, etc. 




■Many animals hole up for 



To rind Out— Positively if animals frequent a 
certain spot, place a small piece of bait there over 
night; if it is gone in the morning, set your trap 
right there carefully. 

In Dead of Winter- 
several weeks or more. 

Never Apply Heat— In drying skins; hang them. 
in the shade is best. 

Useless Tails. — Tails of opossum and muskrat 
are of no value, so cut them off. 

Remove the Pat— Of all skins; fat left on heats 
and spoils the hide. 

Best Month — For bears and badgers is March; 
water animals until the ice leaves. 

To Locate Skunks — Look for their holes on rise 
of ground or hills near rocks, etc., examine all 
holes, and notice if black and white hairs are there, 
being lazy they choose holes already formed; look 
for droppings a little distance away; set traps close 
to holes. 

To Trap Mink — Dig a hole in the bank near 
their haunts, place your bait inside your trap at its 
edge and cover it well; spi inkle water around so 
as to wash your traces away; before leaving it clog 
the trap of course, and use scent bait. 

Never Set — Large traps without a trap wrench. 

The Best Time— First stormy night, or before a 
storm the animals are then foraging for foods and 
seeking warm holes to den. 

Skunks — Hole up in very cold weather in rabbit 
holes which they often kill and live on, until forced 
out by hunger or a warm spell. 

How Animals Gnaw Loose. — The caught leg or 
foot becomes numb and some what painless, and 
the bone being broken, is easily detached. 

Mark Your Traps — By filing your initial there- 
on, or by marks. 

When You Succeed— In catching an animal, 
leave your trap and reset it; it often pays well, es- 
pecially at dens. 

Always Remove — Bones from tails of skinned 
animals; it rots therein otherwise. 



^^^i^^'^iS^^^ 




Keep Skins — Loose and straight; don t roll them 

up; pack them straight is best. 

Skunks are Easy— To trap. A rabbit dtten dis- 
plays more intelligence as to traps than the skunk. 

Bait for Mink — Any fresh meats, fish or fowl, 
muskrat meat, etc. 

The Best Book for Trappers -Is unquestion- 
ably "Traps and Trap Making" by Hamilton Gib- 
son; 300 full pages, price $1.00; over 200 illustra- 
tions: very complete and accurate. 

To Attract Wolves— Place bones or large chunk 
of meat in fire and let it smolder. Use carcasses 
of other animals. 

Smear Traps with Blood— Or dip in thin solu- 
tion of melted beeswax or tallow. 

Number of Traps to Use.— Six dozen traps are 
ample for any trapper to attend. 

Always Sink Your Traps— To the exact level 
of the ground, leaving the surface as near as it was 
as possible. 

Use Presh Baits— Whenever possible; fasten 
them to a short stick and in the right position to 
lead feet into the trap. 

Cut Up Old Baits— In small pieces and scatter 
them along the route of your traps. 

How to Skin— Cat, Fisher, Fox, Lynx, Martin, 
Mink, Opossum, Wolverine, Otter, Skunk and 
Muskrat must be "cased," that is, not cut open. 
In skinning, cut at the rump and turn the skin in- 
side out over the body of the animal, leaving the 
pelt side out. 

After scraping, cleaning and drying, some deal- 
ers advise turning the skin back again, leaving the 
fur side out; but with the exception of Foxes, 
Red, Silver and Cross, the large dealers now pre- 
fer the skin left pelt side out, as the quality can be 
more easily determined by examining the rumps; 
and are better preserved and protected in the num- 
erous handlings. 

Badger, Bear, Beaver, Raccoon and Wolf must 
be "open," that is, cut up the belly from rump to 
head. After scraping, cleaning and drying, stretch 
to a uniformly oblong shape to the fullest extent 

370 



[ 



of the skin, but not so much as to make the fur 
thin. When thoroughly dry, trim off any little 
pieces that spoil the appearance of the skin, but 
leave on heads, noses and claws. 

No. 1 Skins— Must be large arid full furred of 
prime; remember they grade- down to 4. 

Do Skinning", Stretching, Etc.— After you 
have tended all your traps. Skm and dry care- 
fully if you market., 

Jerked Meats.— If you have the fortune to kill 
a deer or moose in warm weather, and have an 
over-supply of meat that is likely to. be tainted, 
yoii can preserve it by the^ following process: Cut 
all the flesh from the bones in thin strips, and place 
thenri fpr convenience, on the inside of the hide. 
Add three or four quarts of salt f6r a moose, and 
a pint and a half for deer, well worked in. Cover 
the whole with the sides and corners of the hide 
to keep out flies, and let it remain in this condition 
about two hours. Drive four forked stakes into 
the ground so as to form a square of about eight.or 
ten feet, leaving the forks four feet high. Lav two 
poles across one way in these forks, and fill the 
whole space the other way with poles laid on the 
first two, about two inches apart. The strips of 
flesh should then be laid across the poles, and a 
small fire of clean hardwood should be started un- 
derneath, and kept up for twenty-four hours. This 
process will reduce the weight of the flesh more 
than half, bringing it to a condition like that of 
dried or smoked beef, in which it will keep any 
length of time. This is called jerked, venison. It 
is good eating, and always commands a high price 
in market. An over-supply of fish can be treated 
in the same manner. They should be split open 
on the back, and the backbone taken out. 

Never Set — Large traps without a trap clamp. 
Never place your hands about thejaws or pan, and 
don't handle a set trap. 

Trapper's Best Priend— Is a good, well trained 
dog. 

Don't Reset— Where sprung traps are found; 
try a new place thereabout. If bait is gone and 
trap unsprung, you are at fault, so reset in these 
instances. 



371 



Overhanging Trees— Or inclined ones, ' nail 
your bait to. them. If your traps are set under 
right, are excellent places. 

For Water Set Traps-^(Traps set in water.)l 
Use rubber boots and wade into the waters, avoid-l 
ing the shores, or wash your tracks by throwing' 
water on them. 

Dry Set Traps— (Traps set on land.) Step al- 
ways in your same tracks, using moccasins, not 
boots, or cover boots with skin tied on hair side 
out. 

Wash Traps.— Oil and grease them well, smoke 
or cover with blood, beeswax, etc. and keep, free 
from rust. 

Use Dirt from Dens— Rotten wood, leaves, 
dung, small feathers, etc. for bedding down traps. 

Always— Set your traps for the foot of the ani- 
mal and arrange your bait so as he must set his 
foot on the pan to secure bait. 

No Duty—On raw furs from Canada. 

Skunk — Are the first animals to get prime in 
late fall and early winter. Water animals are last; 

Bears and Badgers— Are only prime in mid- 
winter and very early spring. 





-J 




- 't., .^^P&a^^^'t.jfe'^^sMfsSa^e^" 




Gettine a Move on Him. 374 



The Hunter's Outfit 



l^ 



'^ 



Equipped for a Five Days Trip. 



MUCH has 
beenwrit- 
t e n on 
what is best to 
take on a hunt- 
ing trip, but a 
good deal re- 
mains to be said 
on w/iai not to 
take; hence a. 
few practical 
suggestions as 
to both may not 
be amiss. It is 
always best to 
travel right but 
light, including 
nothing c u m - 
bersome, yet. all 
the essentials 
necessary to 
to provide for 
comfort and 



success. I advise for clothing in all seasons, med- 
ium weight and colored soft flannels or woolen gar- 
ments, selecting only the very heavy woolens for 
mid-winter uses and always avoiding cotton cloth- 
ing of any description. . My article on clothing in 
the "Complete Camper's Manual" — or how to camp 
out and what to do — should be noted. About the 
most satisfactorv dress is old worn, (but clean) ev- 
en patched woolen clothing, supplemented by flan- 
nel shirts of either tan or blue flannel or wool, hav- 
ing turn down collars and breast pockets thai but- 
ton up. If mid-winter, those of double-breasted 
and reinforced shoulders and back are best, but 
for ordinary weather (summer or fall) single- 
breasted will suffice; light gray oi tan colored flan.- 
nel underclothing, over which should be worn a 
medium weight tan colored hunting sweater or 
knitted jacket with pockets woven therein. Wool- 
en or buckskin leggings and three-quarter size 
Moosehide or Elkskin moccasins (for still hunting 



375 



,^^^^5^:^^ 



Hunter*s, Sportsman*s, and Tri^.pper*i 
Hats, Caps and Gloves. 






1— Buckskin Glove. SUrStorm Hood. 3— Woolen Glove. 




4— Summer Hat. 5— Double Bjsor Hat. 6-Soft Hunting H«e. 






7— Campaign Hat. >^ ^^ j ^9- Summer Helmet. 

8 -"Flap Cap" or Hood 



lO-Canvas Hat. 





12 -Corduroy Gap. 
(Roll Down) 



Tolding Pocket Mosquito Hat— Open and Closed. 




14— Buekskin Gauntlets^ 



11— Corduroy 
Cap and Flaps. 1^ 

376 




i.'i— Buckskin Gauntlet?. 



u 



especially), never mind what other writers say 
about canvas or corduroy— my advice is to leave it 
out, unless it is very cold and dry weather, and you 
desire such garments for ordinary field or open 
shooting, and even then it should be made of -the 
Army Khaki material, light and waterproof. The 
objections to either common duck, canvas, or cor- 
duroy clothing is that the first makes too much 
noise in the woods, the other too heavy, easily 
wet through and hard to dry; and on a run causes 
the wearer to perspire too freely, and do not ab- 
sorb the heat or moisture; for wear or keeping out 
the wind either is. good, but there are many other 
essentials— and many a> sudden cold, chill, and 
other camp sickness can be traced to the free use 
of such clothing; unquestionably it is good to work 
in, but not to hunt in. 

Such clothing is rarely used by the professional 
guide or old and experienced hunters, and never 
should be considered for still hunting, for it is not 
Only too noisy, but entirely unsuitable for many 
other reasons. Use also heavy woolen socks if in 
the winter time, otherwise light merino socks with 
double heel and toe. Don't use heavy hunting 
boots unless you are used to them, (never rubber 
boots, they are useless except for. fishing or wad- 
ing.) Better select, if you desire boots, those of 
medium weight, three-quarter size. Heavy or high 
boots unless you are used to them, heat and weary 
the feet' on a long distance trip, rendering the 
wearer tired and uncomfortable. I prefer a good 
shoe and canvas leggings, the outside of which has 
been covered with wool cloth or buckskin so as to 
render them noiseless almost in the brush. Let 
your boots or shoes be made of best waterproof 
material, soft and well fitting; the Putman oil tan- 
ned boots are excellent, and about as near water- 
proof as it is possible to construct. 

For still hunting or winter use the moccasin 
three-quarter boot size, is the ideal footwear; al- 
though they will not keep out all the dampness, 
yet they will turn water readily, being made of oil 
tanned leather; they are softer than any other foot- 
wear, hence more noiseless. The lumberman's 
"Over" is also a popular favorite with guides and 



377 



Various Styles of Sportsman's and Hunt* 
ing Sweaters, JacKets, etc. 

Light, Medium or Heavy Weight. 




1— Turn Down Collar, 
Lace Front. 



All Sizes, 

All Grades 

for 

All Purposes. 




2-Three Quarter 
Jacket Style. 




Np. 10. 

4— Fall Sweater 
With Pockets. 





5 -Lace Front Sweater 
With Pockets. 



3— Fall Jacket with Pockets. 




7— Swenter With 
Full Pockets. 





8 -Tan or Blue 
Hunting Shirt. 



6— Sweater With Large Shell Pockets. 
Gray, Tan, Brown or Scarlet Color. 



378 




sportsmen as they are low cut, and present very- 
little surface for noisy movement which frightens 
the game; and with several pairs of' woolen stock- 
ings it is practically impossible for cold and snow 
to bother or affect your feet. If the moccasin is 
too soft, better have it made for you double soled, 
which will add considerably to its waterproof qual- 
ities. All these things can be furnished at slight 
expense over the ordinary kinds, by specialists in 
such equipment. 

Let your handkerchief be' of extra large size. 
Bandanna style, 24 inches square, blue or red in 
color, for they can be worn as a neck scarf, used as 
a towel} bandage, sling, game decoy or signal, even 
as a pack sack; while its color will not soil easily. 
For the hat choose a soft felt one, with medium 
wide brim to shade the eyes or shed water. Color 
brown or drab is right; let it have a high crown, 
style about like the U. S. Army officers campaign 
hat, which will hold and carry water like a bucket, 
(handy at times) a leather hat band tightens the 
fit in windy -or stormv weather, and if a string is 
tied to it and fastened to the back collar of your 
shirt, you will never have to go back after, or 
suffer the loss of it, on a run. Never take an over- 
coat, no matter if it is winter, "old backwoodsmen 
don't." A chamios shirt or an extra shirt will do 
the trick. Two changes of clothing is ample for a 
month's trip, and with a pair of extra overalls for 
knocking about, camp and a sweater or jacket, you 
have a third change, and can thus even dispense 
with that useless article on a hunting trip, the coat; 
never forget the sweater, for of all things on atrip 
its the one thing, if its made right and for the pur- 
pose. They are cool in the warm, warm in the 
cool, free and easy fitting; and I know of no single 
garment better suited for hunting purposes. In 
color it should be khaki or tan, although many 
deer hunters choose red or scarlet. Don't take fur 
cap or gloves, unless its an Arctic trip; better good 
woolen gloves supplemented by oil tanned buck- 
skin ones. If a cap is desired let it be a good 
woolen one, either a hunter's Toque cap, or the 
regular cap with ear flaps that can be pulled down 
over the ears if required. Don't use mittens if you 



379 



Standard Type of Huntep*s and Sports- 
men's Jackets, etc. 




Canvas, Wool, Corduroy or Leather 




1— Hunter's Winter Jacket. 



3— Hunter's Game Coat) 




—Hunter's Vest. 





5— Reversible Sportsman's 
Coat. 



«— Genuine Astrakhan Coat, 




•—Corduroy Hunting Coat. 



380 




7— Winter or Arctic Hood Coat. 



r 




"JS^jk 



want to be ready for quick action. For winter 
hunting in the woods ormountains, snow shoes 
should be provided. Sewing or repair kit, needles, 
thread, soap, bachelor buttons, salve, bandages, 
court plaster, should be carried in a 'xamper's 
ditty bag." Leave out razor, strops, etc. (if you 
wish) as often a week's growth of beard in the 
woods comes in handy, especially if insects, or 
frosty winds prevail; it3 nature's protection to the 
face, besides gives you a chance to see how you 
look, and shows the folks that you really have been 
hunting, 

A dry, warm, soft bed i^ about the most impor- 
tant item of all, in your camp outfit; nothing is 
worse than a hard, cold bed — your health, comfort, 
rest, everything depends on the satisfactory quali- 
ties of your sleeping outfit. For cold weather (fall 
or winter uses) nothing can equal the the Ideal 
Sleeping Bag, which is absolutely wind, weather 
wafer Sind cold proof ; for milder or summer uses 
the Camp Combination fills the bill exactly (see 
illustrations.) If you have neither, never venture 
into camp without at least providing yourself with 
a long, wide strip of canvas, or heavy duck (water- 
proof khaki if possible) of sufficient size to allow 
one-half to be placed under your bedding on the 
ground (or preferably over a bed of dry leaves, 
twigs, brush or browse) the other iT^alf to cover your 
blankets and tuck under you, so as. to keep the 
warmth in and the cold and dampness out. Don't 
lug a pillow along; take a pillow case and into it 
lay neatly folded your clean, dry clothing, (not 
bunched up) and it will form a capital pillow. H 
you dislike to sleep in the underclothes you have 
worn during the day, provide yourself with a suit 
of tan colored, military pajamas; and if you are of 
the cold feet tribe, a pair of sleeping socks will fill 
the bill. Don't permit yourself to.be coaxed into 
buying an Air Mattress and Pillow, better put the 
price $15.00, and the weight 15 lbs. into good soft, 
warm blankets, sleeping bag, or combination men- 
tioned before, and you won't regret it. Never sit 
or lay on the bare ground; a bed of leaves, grass 
or small twigs under your canvas or bedding roll 
will answer the purpose. If its raining, your can- 



381 



Sportsman's and Hunter's Foot Wear. 

For All Purposes. 




Moccasin Slipper. 



1— The "Shoe Pac' 



We Handle All Reliable 
Grades, 





7 -Army Boot. 



The Army Shoe. 






Puttee 
Leggins. 



14— Moose Hide 
Moccasin. 






11— Snow Shoes., 



10 -Sleeping Socks. 



B— Sportsman's 
Boot. 




13-Skie. 

382 8-% Hunting Shoe. 6- Hunters Boot, 




=^ 



vas or bag: and your extra blankets are better than 
the "nothing so rare as resting on air plan. If sit- 
ting down, sit on your hat, anything, only keep off 
the bare ground; squat as the Indian does is better. 

For shelter the '-wall tent" is about the best, and 
in hot weather should be provided with a double 
fly. Bui if portability is necessary choose that of 
the "Miner Wall Tent" with a jointed single pole; 
some prefer the A or wedge tent, but the "Miner 
Wall" gives more available room, while the single 
pole necessary, can be taken along if jointed right, 
or if cut from good size tree or branch enroute it 
will answer the purpose admiiably. If its cold 
nights, don't forget the small conical tent heaters, 
called the Sibley stove, as adopted by the U. S. 
Government. It is not pretty, but the heat it will 
distribute in a tent and the simple way it does it, 
creates an admiration for its inventor, whoever he 
was. If your tent is for cold weather uses, let it 
be of 10 or 12 ounce Army Duck, white or khaki 
(tan) color; but if for a summer trip or you pack 
light, let it be of "balloon silk." For tent pins 
choose malleable iron ones; they won't break, and 
a dozen can be carried in the space of half a dozen 
wooden ones. As to weight there is no difference, 
small ones being 2 ounces each and large ones 3 
ounces. Cut out everything of unwieldy size, bulk 
or weight. Let the camp axe be of the safety 
pocket size, for its a little wonder; small enough to 
sharpen a pencil, or fell a good size tree; and with 
a reliable hunting knife, that of the Marble Ideal 
Pattern, you are equipped with cutting and chop- 
ping apparatus to serve a lifetime. 

If your rifle be of the standard make and grade, 
Winchester, Remington, Savage, or equal pattern, 
40 to 45 caliber, I cannot advise you, on better; if 
liowever you are about deciding the purchase of 
one, let me suggest 303, caliber; never over 35 cali- 
ber in this 20th century should be used, for even 
big game hunting; and if you use soft nosed or ex- 
press bullets in your cartridges you are equipped 
simply splendidly. The 303, or 35 caliber rifle is 
the ideal weapon of to-day, it is all right for the 
largest kind of game, Moose, Elk, Bear, etc. Nev- 
er use "the hit to-day— kii1 tomorrow" ammunition 
if you are using a rifle. What you want unless you 



The Sportsman's Ideal Sleeping Bag 
Outfit Complete. 

Wind, Weather, Water, Cold and Snow Proof. 




No Tent Needed Even io Mid -Winter. Warm Enough for Winter Use. 




Ready to Roll Up, 



RoUedUp. 



are an expert sharpshooter, is the crushing, stop- 
ping, dropping power of the soft nose or express 
bullet; finer or steel tipped and hard bullets of the 
military type, go clear through flesh and bone, and 
do not kill until man>^ miles are between you and 
the game, (unless hit in a vital spot) lost game re- 
sulting. What you want is the tearing, crushing, 
killing power of the express bullet which mush- 
rooms on impact, ana which inflicts a deadly 
wound. 

If your weapon is a shot gun, let it be of 12 
gauge, hammerless ejector, if you can afford it, 
anyhow let it be 12 gauge, which is pre-eminently 
the best gun for all round uses; let the barrels be 
30 inch; right barrel, cylinder or modified choke 
and the left, full choke bored; weighmg about 7% 
pounds. 

Let your cartridge belt be of woven material 
(not leather or canvas) and provide it with shoul- 
der straps like suspenders to keep the weight from 
your hips. If using a rifle, chamber every cart- 
ridge you put in it, so as to avoid misfits or a stuck 
shell at the critical moment, owing to any fault of 
your own; and carry looped to the belt or some- 
where, the Ideal Shell Extractor. In your belt 20 
to 30 rounds of ammunition is enough for any sin- 
gle day's jaunt, unless you are a mighty poor shot, 
or a butcht-r, or game hog by profession, in which 
case change your methods and practice sportsman- 
ship. 

/ have mighty little respect for the hunter who 
kills for the mere gratification of a slaughtering 
mania, everything he sees: while no man can 
help but admire the true sportsman, who quits 
after a fairly successful day's sport and skill. 
Game is none too plentiful, and it is owing to 
such wanton destruction that our Maine and 
other woods, {despite railroad advertisements 
and alluring literature to the contrary) is de- 
pleted or almost so; fortunately laws are made 
dealing with these things, but at times even laws 
are useless, and it is only by direct appeal to the 
manhood of men, and by provittg the necessity 
of their observance^ that the indiscriminate 



m 




slaughter and extinction of our game can be 
stopped; and as a member of the American 
Sportsman's Association, I appeal to all brother 
sportstneii to discourage the wasteful and use- 
less slaughter of game:, man has by such meth- 
ods already rendered mciny species extinct, and 
others nearly so. The domain of the wild ani- 
mals or game is already on the wane; for rapid- 
ly enough are we pre-empting heretofore unin- 
habited territory. 

Some day man will utilize all the earth for some 
purpose or other ^ then the day of wild game or 
animal will have passed, except perhaps such as 
m.ay be housed in menageries, and the species al- 
lowed to propagate for the benefit of those in- 
terested in zoology. Hence I say be reasonable, 
and quit after a fair day's sport, and do not keep 
killitig just because you can. 

As to the revolver for a hunting trip, leave it out, 
it is rarely useful or needed. Choose instead (the 
same weight) either the U. S. Government (adopted) 
Binocular Telescope or a pair of good field glasses, 
straps and case, which you will find invaluable for 
sighting and making sure of game; across distant 
waters or midst hills, by its aid, what often appears 
to be a stump or rock, shows to be game or wild 
animals; saving an immense amount of tramping 
around, and enabling a search with the eye, from 
a point of vantage many miles in extent, revealing 
to you the presence of game that otherwise you 
would have never discovered. Such things can be 
carried by your guide or companion. 

If on distant trips a sportsman's haversack 
should be carried, and to equalize and distribute 
its small weight, a canteen filled with pure water 
or tea; in this haversack should be carried if de- 
sired, extra ammunition, safety compass and wat- 
erproof safety match box, thus insuring the hunter 
several days supply of warm fires and smokes, in 
case of a wetting or an aggravating fall in cross- 
ing a river or creek; for when hunting there is no 
telling when some accident will happen; you might 
for instance, after a long chase in distant timber be 



385v 



^"y^^S^S'^S 




unable to find your way back to camp. Then a 
dry match, a smoke, fire, shelter and a hot cup or 
canteen of tea will not come amiss. , 

All of these things are essentials, not luxuries by 
any means, and can easily be carried in a spare 
pocket or a corner of the haversack. To its strap 
or buckle ought to be fastened the tin cup and in 
the other pocket of it (a good haversack has sev- 
eral pockets) some salt and pepper or a light lunch 
of some kind; a bacon and flap-jack sandwich is 
right- never carry fresh bread or even crackersin 
a haversack, the motion of the body or jolting it 
gets results in only crumbs or cracker dust, when 
you are about famished and ready to eat; and right 
here let me suggest that before you start on the 
return trip or a renewed jaunt, take time to stop 
and rest a while; build a fire, warm up a cup ot 
tea broil a steak if have killed game, eat a snack, 
which your salt and pepper renders a dainty mor- 
sel- light your pipe, and the rest and. good it will 
do you is not to be overlooked or measured by 
words. Don't think these things are cumbersome 
why they don't add two pounds to your outfit, and 
the guide or companion, if he is a good one, should 
never go into the woods without them, even though 
yourself should deem them not necessary. 

If its in the. rainy season, a featherweight sports- 
man's rain cape (pocket size) is a convenience, as 
it folds up in small compass and weighs only 18 
ounces, while it covers and keeps you dry, when 
the rain suddenly cames down in a flood, reaching 
as it does below the knee or legging tops; if winter 
time of course this can be dispensed with. 

If your trip to the woods occupies a week or 
more, I suggest also a Pocket Medicine Case and 
contents (sportman's size) together with the U b. 
Government's (adopted) First Aid Packet for 
wounds; the last mentioned weighing only i oz., 
and which can be tied to your cartridge belt when 
on a trip. These both would fill the bill for emer- 
gency medical supplies for many a different short 
trip or for quite a large party, at very small ex- 
pense, either as tc bulk, weight or cost. The medi- 
cines put up therein being of tablet form in screw 
top phials, printed instructions with them, and 
which serve every purpose for the home or sports- 



% 






Sportsman's and Hunter's Specialties. 




1— Binocular 
Field Glass. 




2-First Aid Packet 
for Wounds. 




3— Pocket Stove. 




i-;FoldiD§ Compass. 






6~Water Proof Safety 
Match Box. 



5— Sportsman's Haversack. 




7-Pedometer. 9-Camp Scales. 8— Medicine Case Pocket Size. 




10- Watch Case 
Compass. 



|^ai^JijKYfi-vi'irf"''i'Bl ■■■■ - n-iyl 

^3 




H- Field or Marine Telescope. 388 12— Safety 

Cctmpass. 



Portable Water Cooling Canteens. Flkahs 
and Filters. 



6 



1— Pocket Flask, Glass Top 
(Screw Top.) 






11— Water Filter. 



6— Camp Filter. 1 Quart 
a Minute. 



I^AU Aluminum^ Screw 
Top. 





12— Wicker Flask. 



7— Rubber Covered Flask. 



3— Vest Pocket Oong) 
Flask, Screw Top. 8-Leather Covered Flask 

s 

■ ■ 9 -The Celebrated Water 

■ ■■ Cooling Canteen. 

I-Screw Top Pocket Flask U. S. Army Pattern. 





la— Wicker Flask, 






nm 



5-OU Flask (Tin) Screw ^^a^ i4 -Protected Flask and 

Top. ,qQ 10-Sameft8No.d. Drinking Cup. 




r 



man's camp; in fact in my own home I have a case 
and seldom have any occasion for other medical 
service; and as a "life a-woods" usually by the 
change brings on petty disorders, it is nowadays a 
most. valuable adjunct to the outfit, necessary for 
smoothing it. (See illustrations.) 

Last but not least, a few words as to carrying "or 
transporting the outfit either to the woods or en- 
route home; for this nothing can equal the "canvas 
carry-all or roll up," (the long, wide canvas recom- 
mended for sleepmg or bedding purposes); which- 
is laid fiat on the ground and the dozen or more' 
articles of clothing and equipment, anything you 
desire to be carried or transported, laid across and 
on top of your bedding; the sides of the canvas 
are then turned toward the center (see cut) and the 
whole rolled and strapped into a suitable bundle I 
as illustrated. It beats anything ever devised for 
carrying an outfit, and if packed right nothing can 
ever be lost fron> it or smashed. It simply defies 
breakage, and is proof against rain or wet, or the' 
throwing about of heartless baggage smashers. If 
tent, cooking outfit, stove and other "dufiflle" is to 
be carried, the whole can be stored in a folding or 
sectional trunk boat or sportsman's outfit trunk, 
even to the jointed tent poles being packed there- 
in, thus permitting of an entire outfit for a party of 
three or more persons to be packed and shipped 
as baggage, without extra expense, beyond that 
borne by the party for travel aione. 




u 




About the Rifle r'&^f') 

In these days the selection of a good rifle for the 
use of either Tyro or Sportsman is an easy matter, 
the most important desideratum being the selec- 
tion of the most fitting^ caUber, and the cartridge 
best suited for its purpose on the game you seek. 
I have probably received in my time many bush- 
els of letters requesting information as to the desi 
all round rifle, as well as for facts concerning it, 
hence the following suggestions for the guidance 
of my readers may not come amiss. 

Such a thing as an all round rifle cannot in the 
nature of tilings be made. We have not yet pro- 
duced a rifle that will kill anything from a hiiAn- 
ming bird to aft elephant, but taking the meaning 
in an intelligent sense, as applying to the rifles to- 
day, we can pretty near approach it. 

If the reader is about to purchase or select a ri- 
fle, in these days of high explosive Nitro( smoke- 
less ) powders, etc., let him pin his faith to those of 
less caliber and weight than was necessary ti few 
years ago. But if he be equipped with any of 
those I mention in the course of my remarks, don't 
change— stick to it, for you have one that you- can 
honestly swear by iox a. long Xime to come. Per- 
haps the most effective weapon of to-day for large 
game hunting I believe (and this belief is based on 
experience and observation covering many years 
of hunting, using many different kinds and grades 
of rifles) is that the Winchester 3$ caliber 5 shot 
repeating rifle, model 1895, using the 35 Winches- 
ter cartridge and soft point.bullet is the most pow- 
erful game-killer in existence to-day. 

Some idea of its tremendous stopping power 
(the all important in large game huntmg) can best 
be reali?ed when it is known that the striking en- 
ergy of its bullet (see illustration) at 200 yards, 
is greater than the muzzle^. energy of that well 
known arid universally respected Winchester 45, 
70, 405, of which mention here is superfluous. 

The cartridge for this rifle is fitted with 250 grain 
^^so/t pointed metal patched bullet'^ (the ideal 
bullet for large game hunting) loaded with a spec- 
ial smokeless powder, which imparts to it a muzzle 
velocity of 2.200 ft. seconds, thereby developing a 

391 





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See Article on This Rifle. 



iiiii^i .*i.i' ' 




muzzle energy of 2,685 lt)S. and having a remaining 
energy of over 1,500 lbs. at 200 yards range, a tra- 
jectory of less than 5. inches, while its penetration 
(by test) 15 feet from the muzzle is 15% inphes 
pine boards. The rifle is furnished with a 24 inch 
round barrel (nickel steel,) plain walnut stock, 
weighing in all about %yi lbs. and is unquestion- 
ably an ideal weapon for the hunting of the largest 
game known to-day. (See illustrations.) 

Other efficient weapons for the sportsman (well 
known) are the Winchester models of 1873, '83, 
'86, ,95 40, 44 and 45 caliber,, these of course ap* 
plying to rifles used for large game hunting, both 
extensively known and used. 

Another remarkable weapon which approaches 
nearer the "aM round rifle" idea is the Savage Re- 
peater 303, 6-shot, which for all game up to and in- 
cluding Deer, Moose, etc. is a splendid rifle, and 
the sportsman who is blessed with such an arm, 
has one of the best big game guns on the market. 
With all due respect to other^ood weapons and 
makers of them, I certainly consider this one as a 
most up-to-date twentieth century rifle. Fitted 
with a Lymcm combination rear sight and the 
"ivory jack" front sight it is simply perfection, and 
will group its shots with force and precision in as 
small a circle if held right (as any rifle should be) 
with the best of them. Select a 26 inch round bar- 
rel, and you have a rifle weighing 7>^ lbs, that will 
hold its own with any and the best of them. 

Another rifle which is receiving much attention 
at present from those desiring a small yet power- 
ful calibre rifle, is the 30-30; yet my experience has 
been that for large game hunting, a trifle heavier 
calibre makes a better gun. What the sportsman 
wants is stoppings smashing power, which can 
only be obtained from a heavier bullet. Hence 
my recommendation of the soft point or express 
style, as their mushrooming or upsetting qualities 
on impact, are both terriffic and deadly. High ve- 
locity, thin or hard pointed bullets are no doubt 
fine for military or long distance shooting, possess- 
ing greater initial velocity (rapidity) and much 
flatter trajectory (straighter flight) but their pene- 
tration is so great that they^o clear through bones 
and ally neither breaking the bones or wasting 






393 



Cartridge Holders, Cartridge Belts, etc, 




1— The Belt Attachment Fastens to Any Common Belt. 





.5-The Shell Box. 




6— Bedell Gam^Shirt and 
Cartridge Holder. 



Pistol Holder. 




(with straps) 



a— The Woven Belt Without Supporting Straps. 




7--Monevand Bill Belt. Money and ^-The Miners Gold 

^ Pistol Carindge Belt. DuSt Belt. 





5-^he Thimble Belt (Shot Gun Cartridges.) 394 4-The Army Pattern. 

Sportsman'3 and Hunter's Favorite. Patterns, 



r 







blood, and a strong animal hit thus is seldom 
stopped, unless a vital spot is reached, and invari- 
ably large game struck by them continue to run, 
oftimes resulting in their crawling off to die else- 
where—or lost meat. No hunter cares for the ne- 
cessity of a repetition of a lot of shots, or prolong- 
ing the sufferings of a wounded beast. Again 
wounds caused by them do 7wt bleed externally^ 
rendering it difficult to locate them, and ever mak- 
ing the tracking of wounded game more difficult. 
What the big game hunter needs is stopping, 
crushing power that will lay an animal low; and as 
most game is shot at fairly close range, say 300 
yards, where is the necessity of long range, thin, 
metal jacketed, or small hard bullets. If there are 
a few cartridges for the purpose, carried in the 
rear of the sportsman's belt answers both occas- 
ions. 

Another popular weapon for small game up to 
and including Deer, is the 38 caliber,, using the' 
38-56 cartriige; while others prefer the 40-60 or 65, 
yet by many is considered too heavy, its weight 
being 9X lbs. 

Still another good weapon is the Marlin, 1893 
model, 38-55, 10 or II shot, 7K lbs.; using the 38-55 
smokeless cartridge and mushroom bullet. Indeed 
it is an easy matter to select a really excellent 
weapon without patronizing those of the imported 
kind, as for instance the Manlicher-Bolt rifle, for 
which double price is asked, as against the equal- 
ly efficient and thoroughly reliable Amejican 
weapon. 

About Rifle Cartridges 

In this the sportsman or tyro should provide a 
sufficient supply to ever prevent any possibilty of 
running short; fifty rounds being ample for any 
(ordinary trip of several weeks or more duration. 
For this he sliould select that known as fresh 
"fixed" or ready made, avoiding that which has 
stood on the shelves of small dealers until it has 
aged, as this has deteriorated in quality. If he be 
wise, he will before starting out on a trip ^^cham- 
bei every cartridge'''' he places inhis belt, soasto 
avoid misfits and a possible jam at the critical mo- 






395 



t 




ment. I have myself often found in the best of 
makes, a shell or two of larger caliber than the 
others, yet so much alike in appeararce that it 
would readily pass muster, until a hurried insertion 
of it in the chamber, rendered the arm out of bus- 
iness until It could be removed (at times no easy 
matter.) Carry in a handy pocket a shell extrac- 
tor, for with such as this (barring a break in the 
action, which seldom occurs in a well kept rifle) 
your "shooting irons'* are O. K. for a trip any- 
where. (See illustration.) 

Care of Rifles f^tCBSfstJ^""") 

And now a word as to the care and use oi a good 
rifle. Let me urge the reader to keep it good, just 
as you got it from the makers if you can. Don't 
experiment— leave that for experts .to do, or at 
least wait until you are qualified to do "monkey 
business" with your gun. This is an age of dick- 
ering and tampering with sights, filing off a bit 
here and there, and I may say, practically ruining 
fine, weapons; and if the reader'could only see the 
condition of some most excellent rifles (hundreds 
of them that have been shipped in to be fixed^ he 
yrould be amazed at the absolute absurdity of some 
of these changes. Nine times out of ten when a 
rifle leaves a responsible maker or factory, it has 
been tested and found not wanting; occasionally 
one might slip through unobserved, but if so, its 
fault will be rectified without question, if you will 
but make it known. Many a good, reliable weap- 
on has been nearly ruined by the "doctoring" pre- 
scribed for it by the other fellow who knows it all. 
Nine times out of ten the rifle will do the work, unless 
the man behind is at fault. By all means avoid 
the suggested changes recommended by the "rifle 
cranks." Honestly there are some men who think 
they can make a rifle shoot around a corner by their 
own method of adjusting and changing its sights, 
etc.; and frankly if you could but see some of those 
sent in, you would think that they had mighty 
nearly succeeded, and a little more of such exper- 
imenting would have caused it to even shoot so as 
it would hit themselves. One-half of the guns sent 
in are the results of such work. Not one man in 



396 



^^^^Z^ 




ten knows how to even take a sight off correctly, 
for simple as that appears, there is a right and a 
wrong way to do it. Show me the man who has 
confidence that his gun is right "and that he is at 
fault, and I will show you the making of a first- 
class shot. 

Better study by careful practice with a few ob- 
served shots at a target to know your Gun. Tak- 
ing it apart occasionally so as to learn and familiar- 
ize yourself with its action, is commendable, but to 
attempt to make it better, unless you are compe- 
tent to do so, is a fallacy that savors of gun repair 
shops, express charges and a diminishing size of 
your pocketbook. Better put the time and money 
ma little careful target practice, and learn some- 
thing about shooting, estimating distances,, gaug- 
ing your sightSj windage, e c. Don't wait until you 
start on a hunting trip to do it; one of the very rea- 
sons game to-day is so hard and difficult to apr 
J)roach is because of it. Take my advice, find a 
arge hill, hit it a few times, then bring your shoot- 
ing down so as you can bunch a few bullets at vari- 
ous ranges in a circle two feet in diameter; then you 
are ready to pack up, go to the woods and stand a 
fair chance of bringing home meat, after once lo- 
cating it. 

About Rifle Practice 

Good shots are made, not born. A man may be 
pre-eminertly fitted to be a first class shot, but un- 
less he graduates at practice, somehow he is liable 
to "hit the wrong target and thus score a miss." 
Practice only, can render a man proficient, espec- 
ially so, be it backed up by close and studioifs ob- 
servation of every shot he fires; without that an am- 
munition wagon' would be necessary, and even then 
final results would be doubtful. Don't think either 
that you can obtain such practice in a shooting gal- 
lery, for its the rifle you intend to use on a trip and 
its very cartridges that you n«ed practice on. A 
few hours 0^" such as this, is time and money profit- 
ably, aye pleasantly spent. (See Hits Around the 
Bull's Eye, Target Practice, etc.) as there are 
many points which, the rifle man will do well to 
consider as well as the following* 



^.-^^ 



397 



V J 1 1 J ^ ir 



J 



2 




Sugfgfestions for Practice 

Go out occasionally in the woods and select a 
high hill, or bank of earth sufficiently large and 
steep to avoid any bullets from going over or to 
either side of it, lest they hit some inoffensive ani- 
mal or human being. Cut down a little of the 
bank, (say 5 to 10 feet from its base) and arrange 
in as near an upright position as possible, a white 
cloth or paper; after marking with charcoal or paint, 
a number of rings around a black center, skewer 
the cloth with pointed twigs to the earth, bottom, 
top and well around its edges, and you have a most 
excellent target and butt, or back-stop for your 
bullets. 

Take your rifle and the cartridges you use ou 
your hunting trip, together with a few cut stakes 
or branch cuttings so as to set them ujd when you 
mark a range, after locating and measuring it. Now 
measure the size of your ordinary step or pace 
(which we will say for example is 24 inches,) walk 
straight away from your target, and when you 
have paced off 100 yards stick up your stake as a 
marker forthat range, then pace off various ranges 
up to 360 yards (more if you desire it ) You naw 
have a practical known distance range, and are 
ready for excellent target practice. Commence at 
your nearest range and put in a few shots, doing 
your level best to get them in; notice your hits and 
correct any existing evils as to your shooting, be- 
fore you proceed to try other ranges more distant 
—take your time here, and when you can bunch 
your shots in well, go on to the next range that 
you paced off and staked. When you are fairly 
proficient at these k7iown distance ranges, pull 
up the marks indicating them, and you are ready 
for the finest kind of practice that an embyro 
marksman can indulge in. For this a fresh cloth 
or papei- target should be arranged over the old ond 
If you desire to mark your shots, the charcoal 
will serve to do this, by marking the shots at each 
range differently. Start out on a ru7i away from 
the target, just as you would if running after game, 
so as to test your shooting, (while you are partly 
winded) pay no attention to your paces or the dis- 
tance of ground covered by you, a nd when you think 

398 



you have gone far enough (say 250 to 300 yards) 
turn and face the target, load, adjust your sights, 
windage, etc. if required, and put in a few shots in 
various positions, kneeling, sitting or laying flat on 
your stomach (prone.) Such practice as this, un- 
known distance rapid firing, calls for quick action 
estimating distances, etc., that is of great value tp' 
the hunter especially. Try and learn always, "bi- 
nocular shootmg," keeping both eyes open — for 
mark you, the closing of one eye should have end- 
ed when flint locks and powder flashes went out of 
date, but somehowits fashionable still; and strange 
to say most shooters have been doing it ever since; 
not altogether useless I will admit, as it is well 10 
use one eye in learning to aim, should the use of 
both both prove confusing; but it is always. best 
that one' should master the art of keeping both 
open whenever possible, and by sighting with 
either eye, the marksman will soon accustom him- 
self so as to keep both open, which is by far the 
better way. It is the style practiced by most of 
the expert shots of the world, and it has been 
proven beyond dispute, that there is . no more ne- 
cessity for closing one eye in shooting, than in 
archery, base ball, billiards or bowling; to test it 
close one eye as you read this, and see if your eye- 
sight is improved. Even the military is now 
trained to this. Try it some time on such practice 
as I have recommended, and let results speak for 
themselves. If you have already acquired the 
habit of keeping one eye closed, it may be a trifle 
confusing at first, but results sooner or later will 
show you that I am right, and your shooting will be 
more accurate when you have mastered the art of 
binocular aiming and shooting. 

As for the method of target practice I have de- 
s'cribed, it is on the lines used by the most expert 
marksmen of the day, especially with our foremost 
military (American) crack shots; and as they have 
at divers occasions wrested the highest honors 
from the flower of the world's armies, I leave you 
to judge whether or not it is worthy of at least 
more than passing attention from you. Follow 
these rules, pay close attention to every shot you 
fire, remedy existing faults, and when you can at 
various unknown ranges, adjust your sights quick- 

399 



ly and group a few shots in a 24 inch space, hit- 
ting the mark 3 out of 5 shots, congratulate 
yourself as being ready and capable of going on 
a trip, and holding your own with the best of 
them. 

_ In conclusion, I advise the use of the following 
sights fitted to your rifle, provided it is to be of 
either the grades I mention, viz: 

For big game hunting with the Winchester 'p5 
Model, 35 caliber the Lyman Sights No. 21, No. 
6, and either No. 4, 28 or 20. For the same 
work with the Savage joj Rifle No. 1 or No. 21, 
No. 6 and either No. 4, No. 28 or No. 20. 

(See Lyman Rifle Sights elsewhere.) 



This sight is NOT like any other, except in optical prin- 
ciple. The price is only $3.00. 

Marble Automatic Flexible Joint Rear Sight 

These sights combine all the de- 
sirable features or other makes with 
several radical and important features 
that make them the final and match- 
less standard of sight construction. 
The improvements over other sights 
are; 

ist. Strong Coiled Spring 
IN THE Hinge Joint. This au- 
matically and instantly brings 
ihe sight to position for shooting, no 
matter how much it is knocked about 
in the brush or by a firing bolt. 
This feature alone more than doubles 
the value of the sight — for many valuable shots have been 
l9st on account of other makes of sights not being in posi- 
tion when most needed. 

2d. Advantage Over Receiver Sights. The auto- 
matic joint permits the use of the Marble sight on rifles 
with long firing bolts. Receiver sights are of little value 
in rnnning shots where quick aim is absolutely essential to 
success, on account of being too far from the eye for one to 
derive the benefit of the optical principle of the small 
disc. 



400 



I i ^ i wrtjjT a 



About the Savage Rifle 

One of the most reliable and accurate rifles to- 
day, deservedly popular with many of the most 
noted hunters of large and dangerous game, is the 
Savage Hammerless Repeating 6-Shot Rifle, cali- 
ber 303 (as is illustrated elsewhere) using all' stan- 
dard size of game cartridges. The most effective be- 
mg the 303 smokeless powder cartridge and ex- 
panding bullet. It is an ideal weapon weighine 
about 7^ to 8 lbs., and one which by the way has 
completely upset the theories of many old and ex- 
perienced old-time hunters, who had considered a 
larger caliber and bullet necessary for effective 
results on big game. They derided the small cali- 
ber rifle and bullet be/ore they had used them, be- 
cause their experience had been only with black 
powder, and under such conditions as this, their 
deductions were correct. 

All this however has been changed, and today 
modern smokeless powder is responsible for it 
That IS the secret of the enormous smashing pow- 
er of the smaller 303 caliber rifle. For with im- 
mensely increased velocity, the soft nose of an ex- 
panding bullet trebles its size on impact with ev- 
en the softest of animal tissues or flesh. Splitting 
Its jacketed portion and deforming the whole bul- 
let to such an extent that the wound made by it 
actually covers a larger area than ever before seen' 
And so rapidly is knowledge of these facts spread- 
ing Ma^ ^<7-(/ajK many of our best sportsmen are 
discarding the large caliber rifles and re-arming 
themselves with the more modern (smaller) yet 
equally effective weapon the 303, so much so that 
soon it will be unnecessary to take up spaco in dis- 
seminatmg such information. 

Couple these facts then, together with the knowl- 
edge that a metal jacketed, hard bullet or minia- 
ture cartridge and bullet can be used (on the small- 
est of game) with a lighter load behind it, and you 
have my ideas of an all round rifle. 

(See "Savage Rifle" daliber 303. and Expand- 
ing Bullet Illustrations.) 



9 



[ 



;uB 



About Rifle 
Sights, Etc. 

For practical service, 
accuracy, etc. the best of 
rifles can be made better 
by the use of correct 
sights. No matter how- 
good your rifle may be, 
how great its range, veloc- 
ity, penetration, etc., un- 
less it carries true to the 
object aimed at through 
its sights, the arm is val- 
ueless. 

In hunting where game 
is hard to approach, and 
quick shooting essential, 
the accuracy of sights — 
^ase and rapidity in aim- 
ing is essential, and has 
received particular atten- 
tion by specialists in these lines— so much so that 
even the most noted rifle manufacturers admit the 
superiority of those of the "Lyman Standard" of 
which I write now 

The optical principle involved in Lyman rear 
sights is quite novel in its application and is clear- 
ly illustrated here. When aiming, the Lyman rear 
sight has the appearance of a ring or hoop, which 
shows the front sight and the object aimed at, in- 
tercepting' no part of the view. 



No. 1 Lyman Rear Sight 
(Raised) 





'•Now, Sir," said the Guide ' Is your best Chance." 



Thus it gives an approximate idea of the sight 
when aiming. It will be noticed that the top of 
rifle barrel, from front sight and game, are seen as 
distinctly as though no rear sight were used. 



» 



This cut illustrates the obstacles which meet the' 
vision of the shooter wken using* open sigflits usu- 
ally furnished with rifles. When aiming, the 
most important part of the view is shut out, aside 
from the great diffiulty of quickly getting the front 
sight in the notch of the rear sight. It is thus evi- 
dent almost at a glance that the aperture of this 
sight being near the eyes, is greatly magnified as 
compared with the notch in the common open 
sight as shown above. Hence my advice to the 
tyro or sportsman is to have his rifle fitted with 
Lyman sights, whose superiority over ordinary 
grades is not to be questioned. 
^ To obtain the most perfect results with these 
sights, it is very important that the owner of a ri- 
fle when purchasing a set of sights, secures only 
those which are made for the make, model and 
caliber of rifle, for which sights are intended. 




With eitiier of these sights almost instantaneous 
aim can be taken, for the object is sighted as quick- 
ly as if only the front sight were used. 

This sight cannot shut out the view of ' the front 
sight, northe object to be aimed at; while with any 
other rear sight the chief difficuhy in aiming is to 
bring the sights and object quickly into line with- 
out interfering with the view of the front sight or 
the object. This sight can be used when the light 
becomes too dim to use any other rear sight, hence 
its great value in the woods or late in the day. Old 
eyes that can no longer use the crotch sight, can 
use Lyman siglits and slioot better than tl*ey ever 
could with the common sight. 

They are indispensable for a hunting rifle, and 
makes it possible to bring to bag much game that 
is on the wing, with your rifle. By their use it is a 
hundredfold easier to shoot moving" objects, run- 
ning or flying", and both the eyes can be used as 
■well as one eye; it is also far more accurate 
than any ordinary open sight, and inmost respects 
is better for target shooting than the ordinary peep 
sight. Any kind of front sight can be used with 
the Lyman rear sight, alihough I advise a Lyman 
front sight in cases for best results. They are so 
simple and strong that there is no danger of their 
being injured. 

So vastly different are these form of sights in 
use,,that a first "squint" through a Lyman sight in- 
variably brings forth the exclamation, "Why, I can 
see everything in a 40-acre field!" so clear and dis- 
tinct are objects aimed at through them. Even 
still better results can be obtained by using in con- 
nection with either of the rear sights mentioned 
either of the front bead sights I illustrate; for they 
have all won the praise of celebrated hunters and 
.marksmen the world over. 



IVORY BEAD FRONT SIGHTS. 

This sight gives the sportsman a 
clear white bead, which can be seen 
distinctly against any object, in the 
woods or in the bright sunlight. The 
contrasting black neck of the sight 




No. 3. 



makes the bead all the more prominent. 

405 




B 




No 4. 






This sight is better than the No. 3 
sight for a hunting rifle. The ivory is 
so well protected by the surrounding 
metal that there is no danger of its be- 
ing injured. It is also a very accurate 
sight, and many prefer it to any other sight for "all 
around" use. 

A good sight for quick shooting, 
also in poor light or with the Jack ai 
night. It will surprise many to find 
No. 20-The that this large sight is very accurate 
Ivory .Tack and that fine target shooting can be 
done if used with the Lyman rear sights- 

This sight has lately been put on 
the market to meet the demands of 
2 number of sportsmen who desir- 
ed a sight with an ivory bead 
smaller than that of the "Jack" 
Sight, and still larger than that of 
the No. 3 Front Sight. 

THE LYMAN LEAF SIGHT 
No. 6. 




No. 28— The Semi 
Jack. 




Both leaves folded 
down. 




Using the 
straight bar. 



One leaf is a bar with a triangular ivory center, 
the other is a wide open V crotch. Many sports- 
men who use these sights do so with the ordinary 
crotchsight on the barrel. The crotch sight is 
much in the way and the shooting is done at a great 
disadvantage. Lyman's No. 6 Leaf Sight can oe 
put in place of it. It folds down close to ihe bar- 
rel, allowing the shooter to use the Lyman Rear 
Sight in an unobstructed manner, and the result is 
that the shooting is much better than when the 
ordinary crotch sight is on the barrel. Although 
the shooter should in any case use the Lym m 
Rear Sights for nearly all shooting, he has the sat- 

406 



^T^^^^s::^^ 



w 



isfaction' of knowing that if he wishes to use this 
leaf sight, that it's the best form of crotch and bar 
sight in use* The bar leaf is excellent as a twi- 
lig-ht sight or when used at night with a jack. 
The right hand screw, indicated by arrow, adjusts 
the leaves to fold as tightly as desired. 



Ivory Bead 



Front Sights 




No. 24— Jack. No. 32— Semi Jack. 

,. The above cuts sjiow Lyman's Ivory Bead Sight 
No. 26, "Jack" Sight No. 24 and No. 32 "Semi- 
Jack" Sight, made for the following rifles only: 
Winchester Model, 1895, Rifle, .30 U. S. A. and 
.305 British calibers; Winchester Carbines; Lee 
Straight Pull Rifle; Remington-Lee Sporting Rifles. 

SIGHTS FOR REVOLVERS. 





No. 16— Smith ^ Wesson 



Colt. 



Revolver 
Rear Sights 



No. 19— Smith & Wesson Colt. 

When ordering, give make, model and caliber of 
revolvers. There should be no other- sight or ob- 
struction between the Lyman Front and Rear 
Sights. 

IVORY SHOT GUN SIGHTS 
The Hew System of Siffhtiug- Shot Guns. 

There has always existed a serious difficulty in 
aiming shot guns, and this has increased with our 
modern choke-bored guns. One of the difficulties 
of shooting is that the gun, is not often used twice 
from the same position; the shooter often having 

407 




to take a sharp right or left position, which makes 
it more difficult to align the gun the same. By us- 
ing a small and short ivory sight placed well for- 
ward on the rib, wonderfully good results are ob- 
tained. Not only is the vertical alignment readily 
obtained, but as the two sights are seen quite dis- 
tinct and away from each other, the lateral align- 
nr>ent is made at the same time. This is a most 
important point, for one.of the common mistakes 
is aiming too close to the gun rib, which results in 
under shooting. This system is sufficiently accu-" 
rate for rifle shooting at short distances. It is on 
ihe same principle as sighting over the surveyor's 
stakes. These sights are becoming more popular 
every day, both at the trap and in the field^ 

The engrav- ^ 

ing herewith ~ ~ 

gives the ap- 
pearance o f 
the s i ^h t s 
when aiming 
at a straight- 
away bird. It 
will be notic- 
ed that the 
muzzle sight The Sights on a Gun. 

is the most prominent, and when the aim is taken, 
should be seen above the rear sight and in line 
with it. In this cut the elevation of the gun is 
right, but the rear sight shows that the gun is out 
of line, which would not be discovered if these 
sights were not used. 





-Front. 

Unh'ke the ordinary metall 
glimmer in the sunlight and it can 




not 



408 



^^^^^^^ 



light. Another improvement in this sight is its 
large size. Almost every sportsman knows how 
little. is the value of the ordinary sights; in fact 
they are generally made so small and of such ma- 
terial as to be hardly seen at any time. 

in concluding thisarticle on sights, I confident- 
ly recommend tHem; and the hunter using either 
a rifle or shot gun, will add considerable to his ra- 
pidity and accuracy (the all important in hunting) 
by the use of them. Nothing is more important 
than to provide sights that enables you at a glance 
to sight correctly and determine whether or not 
you are holdmg the gun right, thus contributing 
largely to your skill and success as a marksman. 

Again, use only such rifles as are, to your mind, 
fairly accurate, for few shooters can hold a rifle 
well if they have no confidence in it. The position 
should be the same as in shooting a shotgun. 
Keep your attention on the object you wish to hit, 
and while bringing up your rifle decide where you 
wish the front sight to be in relation to it and shoot 
quickly. If the object is stationary at ordinary 
distances, the sight should be on it. If at a long 
distance, the sight should be held over it. If the 
object is moving, the sight should be ahead of it. 
When shooting, never flinch, for this is fatal to. 
good work. Do not take your eyes off the object 
until the shot is fired. Pull the trigger so that the 
rifle is fired when the sight first reaches the object, 
lor it will never do to hesitate and try for a second 
aim. Another fault in most .shooters is the habit 
of flinching, principally from the fear of the report 
and recoil. When the rifle is held properly, the 
recoil is felt very little, even with heavy charges; 
and if one is to be a successful shot at any kind of 
shooting, he must have the courage not to consid- 
er the noise and kick of the gun, for any danger to 
the shooter is simply imaginary. Give your whole 
attention to pulling the trigger when the front. 
1 sight is on the object* 




409 



m 



A Bit About Bullets 

_„^=_ In this tlie 20tli century, 

Slllliililih'^^ days of modern nitro-smoke- 
ilillliillllll^^P less, high velocity powders; 
illlllll^^ quick, twist, high pressure 
,„. rifles; hard metal bullets, 
^'^^pTte'htdTu^ir"'etc.,one is apt to consider 
that we have reached the limit of perfection. But 
we must not pass over so easi^ly, certain defects 
which American ingenuity leads the world in dis- 
covering and remedying. _ 

What is perfection in a rifle, its powders, etc., 
without perfection in the bullet besides. Have 
you ever given this a thought. If you answer no, 
then we had better come together, for a while at 
least, on the seemingly insignificant subject, though 
really the most important of all— A Bit About 
Bullets, on which so much depends. 

In my various articles on rifles, etc., I have re- 
ferred to trajectory, velocity, accuracy, soft point 
bullets, etc. I will now here in its proper^ place, 
devote a chapter to the best bullet, directing the 
attention of my readers to the page of illustrations 
accompanying this chapter for explanation thereto. 

While we are drawing nearer and nearer to, per- 
fection in all things, we have not yet produced an 
absolutely perfect bullet. By this I mean one 
having perfectly straight flight, true flat trajectory 
(see illustration); nor have we one that will not 
wear out the rifling of a barrel; yet we have pret- 
ty nearly succeeded, as this chapter will show. 
So far, thousands of bullets have been produced, 
all of which, while they possess certain advantages 
over others, still have disadvantages Yet there 
is one bullet that is an exception, for it possesses 
features of merit that are not to be found in any 
other bullet of today. In this I refer to the Lub- 
ricated Wire Patched Bullet, now put up by the 
National Projectile Works, illustrations ot which 
accompany this chapter. , • i r 

As to patched bullets and explanation thereof, 
nearly every hunter knows that no gun ever shot 
so well, and still shoots so well, as the old muz- 
zle loader, with its common greased cloth cover or 
patch, which was common in those days. But the 

410 




Hv 




patch which then lubricated the path of the bul- 
let as it passed through the rifle, and wiped all 
residue behind it, had a bad fault, when a new 
charge was rammed home, because it carried down 
to the base of the rifle with it all the residue of 
former shots, and the gun because of this, became 
sooner or later what hunters called "breech burnt." 

The breech loader did away with all this, true; 
but even this had disadvantages peculiar to itself. 
The dry bullet leaded the gun more or less, or be- 
cause of no patching*, or improper patching failed 
in accuracy or proper strength of carriage. 

To obviate this then, a paper patch was used, 
but the shell could not be crimped upon it, and it 
contained no lubricant. It was useless in a maga- 
zine gun, for the recoil of discharging the arm 
loosened the bullets; hence they could be used for 
single fire only with credit. 

With the advent of high pressure or power ri- 
fles, to withstand increased velocity, etc., a harder 
bullet became necessary, and the metal cased one 
was produced to fill the bill, but it was found to in- 
jure or affect the life or the rifling in the rifle bar- 
rel; rendering the arm useless as far as accuracy 
was concerned, before 1,000 rounds was fired; it 
having been proven that after 1,000 rounds, bullets 
(key holed) (turned lengthways) before they had 
traveled two hundred yards, by reason of the in- 
jury to the rifling, despite the fact that a lubricant 
was used with it 

Thus the ordinary lead bullet possessed advan- 
tages over those of the hard metal pattern, but 
they possessed less penetration, stripped on the 
rifling, and leaded the barrel; oftimes besides 
were apt to expand laterally, thus impairing ac- 
curacy. 

To obviate and remedy the objections to both 
the soft and hard bullets, and to retain all the good 
points of both, has come the Lubricated Wire 
Patched Leaden or Soft Metal Bullet, whicli has 
been found to possess these d stinguishing fea- 
tures, ist. — It will not injure the gun or its rifling; 
at the same time it completely fills all the grooves 
of the rifling, thus forming a perfect "gas check." 
2nd.— With less friction, velocity is increased, 
while the trajectory (straighter flight) is flatter 

412 



I 



than with any other bullet ever made. 3rd. — It 
cleans and lubricates the barrel with every shot 
making swabbing entirely unnecessary while fir- 
ing; no matter how short or long* its duration; 
besides being adapted to any style of gun, slow or 
or rapid twist, black or smokeless powder power, 
and maintaining a uniform accuracy in shooting, 
superior to any other form of missile known or 
used today. 

This is arranged by winding a lubricated cot- 
ton covered Annealed iron wire tightly and 
closely around a soft metal- projectile, so that it 
can not be loosened; thus forming a greased jacket 
Or patch for the bullet, which not only prevents 
heating or fouling the barrel, but serves to pre- 
vent effectively any lateral expansion to the soft 
metal; imparting to it the advantageous character- 
istics of a hard metal bullet, without any of its dis- 
agreeable affects; while the patch effectually cleans 
and relubricates the rifle t)arrel with every shot. 

When these points are better known, I predict a 
general adoption of this bullet, for the reason that 
they will do more damage on large game, than any 
other bullet made with less damag-e to the rifle 
itself, and as a well known writer in a recent is- 
sue of "SPORTS AFIELD" who has tried them, 
says: ''My advice is that when you put a hundred 
miles of howling wilderness between yourself and 
your base of supplies, include; some of them in 
your cartridge belt, for you can rest assured of re- 
sults, with a cheerful mind ihat the Lubricated 
Wire Patched Bullet is the best bullet today." 

In conclusion let me §tate that these bullets are 
also made in the 45, 70, 300 Gould Express bul- 
let. See illustration made to take in the hollow 
point a No. i primer and 5 grains Riflite powder, 
thus rendering a deadly explosive bullet for large 
game, short range shooting, and in still other 
well known calibers. 




Reloading Rifles, Pistols, Etc. 

To reload one's own rifle or pistol shellsr is as in- 
teresting and pleasant a pastime as is the shoot- 
ing. There is also great economy in it. To learn 
about the various powders, the proper quantity re- 
quired to produce certain results in the different 
arms, is of the utmost interest to the lover of fire- 
arms. The real sportsman must not only become 
acquainted with all o/J he peculiarities of his ri' 
fle, but also with the ammunition he uses in it. 
He can do this only by long and careful experi- 
menting. To such shooters are we indebted for 
the great majority of the improvements in arms 
and ammunition. The manufacturers are continu- 
ally telling the shooters that they cannot do this or 
that, they can not reload their shells, understand 
about powders or bullets, that the only way is to 
take the factory products and buy new a cartridge 
every time the arm is shot. On the other hand the 
intelligent shooters are continually reloading suc- 
cessfully and improving on the factory ammunit- 
ion, which improvements are finally adopted and 
brought out by the factories as results of their own 
great experience. Some of the highest scores by 
military matches and civilian sharp shooters are 
invariably made with reloaded ammunition 

To reload shells, the operator must go at it in a 
careful and intelligent manner, and proper imple- 
ments must be selected for, the work that is desired. 
The reloading tools made by the -Ideal Mfg. Co., 
New Haven, Conn, are very popular and well 
known by all shooters of rifles, pistols and shot 
guns. We therefore select a few cuts of various 
implements, and are indebted to the Ideal MfgCo. 
for the use of the electrotypes. The first secret in 
the success of reloading shells is the preservation 
and care taken of them after discharge. What- 
ever powder may have been used, the old spent 
primer should be removed and the shells properly 
cleaned as soon after firing as possible. They 
should be cleaned in strong boiling soapsuds or 
soda water, and thoroughly dried by rinsing well 
in clean hot water, so that they will dry by their 
own heat when taken out. Be sure they are per- 
fectly dry in the primer pocket before putting 
them away, or they may corrode. It is best to de- 

414 




Cut "A' 




cap on the ground immediately after firing, 
while the residue in the pocket of the shell and 
about the old primer is soft and wet, for while dry- 
ing corrosion commences. 

Cut "A" shows a 
handy pocket imple- 
ment for this purpose, 
weight only six or 
seven ounces. 

The general style 
of reloading tools is 
the same, differing Only in weight, size and strength 
for the different cartridges. In the various cata- 
logues, each tool is designated by name or num- 
ber, telling for what 
particular cartridge it 
is made. Cut "B" rep- 
resents a loading tool 
combined with bullet 
mould. This style 
of tool is very popu- 
, - lar on account of its 

^"^ ■ being complete and 

compact, with no extra pieces to carry or get lost. 
Relative to powder we would caution all to be 
very careful when using the different brands of 
smokeless powders. If you are not familiar and 
do not know well the particular brand of powder 
that yOu are about to use, find out from the manu- 
facturer of it whether it is the correct kind for the 
arm you are using, and what the proper charge for 
it should be. The general term "Smokeless Pow- 
der" does riot make known what the possibilities 
or probabilities are, /or under the name of smoke- 
less powder^ there is great variety y some, of which 
require but a very small amount for the proper 
charge, while, with others aix or ei^ht times as 
much will be required for the cartridge. When 
writing or speaking of smokeless powders, always 
be sure and designate what particular brand you 
are talking about. If it is Schultze, Hazard's, Du- 
Pont's or Laflin & Rand smokeless powders, state 
whether it is Du Pont's s"hot gun smokeless, or Du 
Font's 30cal. Annular, or Du Pont's No. i or No. 
2 smokeless. When referring to Laflin & Rand's 
smokeless you must specify what particular brand 

415 

9C? 




"Infallible," "W. A. 30 cal." "Lightning," Bulls- 
Eye," etc All of these various powders have their 
own peculiar value, and are pevjectly safe whe^n 
used intelligently for the purpose for which they 
were made. In no case, however, must these 
powders be used as a substitute for black powder \ 
without ascertaining whether they can be used,- 
and if so, what quantity is required Jor a charge 
in the particular arin in question. Such infor- 
mation may be secured at any time by dropping a 
postal card to the makers of the jrowders or to the 
Ideal Mfg. Co. The different powders vary in 
bulk and specific gravity so that a charge cup that 
will hold a given quantity ing rains weight of one 
kind of powder will not be correct for other pow-' 
ders. The only itnplements that we know of on 
the market that will measure in grains weight, alll 
of the vaiious powders, are the Ideal Universal] 
Powder Measures. These have the approval of 
all manufacturers of powders and are well recom- 
mended. When these measures are set in accord- 
ance with the tables of comparison that accom- 
pany each implement, any and all charges of any 
of the various powders required for pistol, rifle or' 
shot gun, may be secured. 

The very latest im- 
proved implements 
produced, are here il- 
lustrated. (See cut 
"C") No. 5 Universal 
Powder Measure, is 
really four measures 
combined in one. The 
first measuring from 
I to 15 grains gradu- 
ations being for I grain 
each graduation. The 
second measuring 
from 10 to $0 grains 
each graduation. The 
third.: from 40 to 140 
grains, five grains each 
graduatioB. The grad- 
Cut "C* uations on the fourth 

X drachms, from K^i'achm upto 5 drachms. 







^^^ 






the old shotgun measurements. In Measure No. 
6, )See cut "D,") the portion on' the right side is*, 
same as No. 5 
with an addit- 
ional measure 
on the left side 
for small prim- 
ing charges of 
different pow- 
ders, the gradu- ||H 0^ 
ations being 
from I grain up 
to 10 grains, one 
grain each grad- 
uation. The 
value of this is 
fully appre- 
ciated by target 
shooters w h o 
use the 32-40 
and 38-55 single 

shot rifles, xlk- <^^^ "I^" 

the 32-40 as an example, they generally use the 
same shells over and over, some of which have 
been shot hundreds of times. Theyuse the long 
d-op tube which settles the powder snugly in the 
shell, A priming of DuPont's No i smokeless 
powder from 3 to 5 grains is dropped into the base 
of the shell from the left side of the. measure, the 
balance of the space in the shell being filled with 
F, G. semi-smokeless powder dropped from the 
other side of the measure, and on this is seated a 
wad of blotting paper. The bullet is seated in the 
breech of the barrel with a bullet seater. (See cut 

"E." The gauge is 
set so that it will set 
the bullet into the 
barrel about one- 
, , sixteenth of an inch 

^"* ^ in advance of the 

I muzzle of the charged shell when chambered. 
|Some o{..the very mq o 

jhighest scores at 
target shooting 
have been made 
with rifles loaded ,.=,,,=,__ 

417 





^^^ 



I 




in this manner. Many shooters prefer paper 
patched bullets. (See cut No. 2.) These however, 
require mote care and time to prepare than 
grooved bullets. An outfit for target shooters fOr 
such loading, consists of the No. 6 Universal Pow- 
der Measure, two or three empty shells. Re and 
De Capper and a Bullet Seater. Each measure 
has a close fitting cover that fastens with screws, 
so that when filled with powder and the slides 
closed, no powder can escape however it may be 
carried. They carry nicely in' the sportsman's 
grip, and may be readily fastened to a bench, ta- 
ble, or cleat on the wall at the range house. 

Cartridge shells expand more when using, high 
pressure smokeless powders than'when usinp low- 
pressure smokeless or black powders; When 
shells do expand and are so 
large as not to enter the 
chamber of the arm freely, 
they should be resized or re- 
formed the whole length to 
their original shape and size, 
so as not to stick and clog 
the action of the arm. A suitable implement for 
this is here illustrated. (See cut "F.") Full in- 
structions how to use, accompany each tool. All', 
shells, however, do not expand so as to require re- 
sizing the whole length. The muzzle may he in- 
creased in size so a bullet of the proper diameter 
will fit loose, yet the shell enters the chamber of 
the rifle easily. In such a case the muzzle of the 
shell only may require resizing-. The reloading 
tool, shown in cut 
"G"is a very pop- 
ular implement; es- 
pecially is it appre- 
ciated by tiiose who 
use the high power 
rifles, such as 30- 
40, 30-30, 303 Sav- 
age, 303 British and 
all arms using met- 
al jacketed bullets. ^"* "^" 
All metal covered bullets w«j/ fit the shell snug- 
ly. A shell that is expanded at the muzzle and is 
large for the bullet m«j/? '/^^ resized. The No. 3 

418 





tool here illustrated,, has a muzzle sizer with which 
muzzle of shell can be readily resized.. This oper- 
ation must be done while the shell is empty. A 
shell cannot be properly resized while the bullet is 
in it. Single and double adjustable chambers 
which are a part of this tool, when ordered to go 
with it, enable the user to seat the bullets various 
depths in the shell, also to crimp or not to crimp 
as desired. 

Owing to the grooves in the metal covered bul- 
lets being located differently, when made by the 
different manufacturers, great trouble is exper- 
ienced when bullet is seated in the shell, by the 
groove not coming perfectly even with the muzzle 
of the shell. This prevents crimping the end of 
the shell into the groove. With the double ad- 
justable chamber, the bullet can be seated to any 
depth desired, and the chamber adjusted to crimp 
the shell on the bullet at the proper place, thus 
all variations that ma>^ take place in the length of 
the shells, or the location of the groove in the bul- 
lets are overcome. 

For the benefit of those readers who may be us- 
ing arms reqiiiring headless or rimless shells such 
as 7m-m or 7.65m m Mauser or 30-45 U. S. Spring- 
field rifles, or 32, 38 Colt's Automatic or 30 Luger 
Automatic pistols, we would say that the Ideal Mfg. 
Co. make a tool similiar to No. 3 here illustrated, 
with an additional contrivance made especially for 
headless shells. This tool is designated as Ideal 
No. 10. 

All who use a modern high pressure quick twist 
rifle for sporting purposes, soon recognize the fact 
that it is very expensive to buy a new .cartridge 
every time they shoot. 

Trouble has been experienced by some when 
attempting to economize by reloading their shells 
and using cast bullets. Most of the trouble how- 
ever, has been through the lack of knowledge of 
an essential point or two. A cast bullet for the 
quick twist rifle must always be harder than for 
the slow twist, about one part tin or antimony to 
ten parts of lead. A good mixture also used is 
one-half type metal to one-half lead, also one-half 
chilled shot to one-half lead. Such cast bullets 
must never be used with the regular full charge of 




high pressure powder; if high pressure powder is 
used, the charge must be decreased, or other low- 
pressure smokeless powders used. As the pres- 
sure is reduced the "cast bullet must be shortened 
and the bearing lengthened, thus making a very 
different shaped bullet than the regular metal cov- 
ered one, that is used with full charge of the high 
pressure powder. 

The cast bullet must also be larger in diam- 
eter than the metal covered, so as to positively 
prevent the escapement of gas as there is little or 
no upsettage of the lead bullet, when low pressure 
smokeless powders are used." There is no doubt, 
however, that with the proper ca6t bullet and the 
proper kind and charge of smolceless powder, the 
30 calibre and other quick twist rifles will shoot 
more accurately at ranges of 40G yards and under," 
than they do with the regular high pressure am- 
munition. The three bullets here illustrated are 
record makers, and aire well known by many users 
of 30 calibre rifles. No. 308206 was designed by 
Horace Kephart of St. Louis; No. 308223 by Dr, 
W. G. Hudson, of New York City, who is recog- 
nized not only as one of the best rifle shots, but 

but one of the 
foremost theoreti- 
cal and practical 
men on small arm 
ballistics in the 
country. No. 308 
241 was designed 
by Mr. Barlow of. 
the Ideal Mfg. 
•70 Co. With this 
bullet Lieut. W. 
308223 308241 308206 C. Gannon of Co. 

C, 4th Reg't Infantry, New Jersey National Guard 
in October, 1902, made ten consecutive bulls-eye?, 
200 yards, Creedmoor target at Marion, N. J.., off 
hand, with regular military open sights, and on 
October loth on the indoor 80 yard range at their 
armory, standing off hand, he made five successive 
bulls-eyes, the other, one being a four, scoring 
ninety-nine out of a possible one hundred, which 
is believed to be the. highest indoor score ever 
made with a military rifle (3040 Krag.; There 

420 




125 



30 U.S. 



was no cleaning after shots, and when finished 
there was no leading. Lieut. Gannon is always 
ready to assist those who are interested in shoot- 
ing. His address is 341 Montgomery St., Jersey 
City. N.J. 

The information relative to, this shooting, he 
gives as follows: For the 200 yard range, sight 
elevation was 600 yards; for the 80 yards the ele- 
vation was 415 yards. In the indoor shooting he 
used a peep sight. The shells were made by The 
Union Metallic Cartridge Co., primers U. M. C. 
No. S}4. For 200 yards the charge of powder was 
9 grains of Laflin & Rand's "Sharp Shooter" and 
lor the 80 yards, 8 
grains of the same 

f)owder. Bullet 
ubricated and siz- 
ed to 312" diam- 
eter, with the im- 
plement here illus- 
trated. (See cut 
"H." (Standard 
diameter of 30-40 
is 308.) Bullet was 
seated in shell with 
No. 3 tool, forward 
band out, no crimp, 
shells indented 
with implement as. 
per cut "I." The 
mdentations are 
preferred by niany 
shooters rather Cut "H" 

than the groove in the muzzle of the shell to pre- 
vent the bullet from receding. The groove when 
■fired stretches out, leaving the shell long, and in 
many cases, they break ofT at the neck where the 
groove was. leaving that piece of the shell in 
the chamber of the rifle, which is a very 
serious matter, unless one happens to have a 
Broken Shell Extractor (See cut "J ") with him. No 
rifleman should be without one of these essential 
little jokers in his pocket, for he is liable to re- 
quire one at any time wheil shooting. 

«^ 421 




It GREASES 
and SIZES 600 
to 2500 bul- 
lets, with ONE 
stick of lubrl. 
cant, without 

soiling the 
hands. 



To cast bullets properly, requires a little exper- 
ience. The mould and metal should be very hot. 
When conditions are right there should be no 
checks or wrinkles on the bullet. A good casting 
outfit is here illustrated. Pot holds about eight 
pounds of metal; cover will fit- any stove. The 
metal is notpoured in the mould, but the dipper 
is connected with the mould and the weight of the 
metal in the dipper forces out all air, and presses 
the metal solidly into the corners of the grooves, 
leaving them sharp and the bullet smooth and ful'i 
in size. 




I 



If our readers.:are further interested in this line, 
we would advise them to enclose three stamps 
with their name and address, to the Ideal Mfg. Co., 
No. 42 U St., New Haven, Conn., asking- for the 
"Ideal Hand Book of Useful Information to 
Shooters." Every one who shoots should possess 
a copy of this interesting book. 




I 



Hints to Reloaders of 
Rifle Ammunition 

Be sure to keep shells clean or clean them. 
Remove old primers as soon as possible. (Wash 
and dry the shell if necessary.) Use Ideal re- 
loading tools, open the mouth of the shells well, 
so as bullet will enter without scraping or cutting 
-it. 

Use correct primers as per instructions on box 
of shells originally purchased; be sure to seat your 
primers at ihe bottom of pocket of shell, lest it 
cause premature explosion by ordinary contact 
with others. It is now ready for the powder and 
the following relates to black jDOwder only: 

For powder to be used in rifle cartridges, con- 
taining fifty to one hundred and twenty grains, we 
recommend the following brands and sizes of 
grains as giving the best results: 

American Powder Company's "Rifle Cartridge, 
F. G.," Hazard Powder Company's "Sea Shooting, 
F. G.," E.. I. DuPont & Company's "Du Pont Rifle, 

F. F. G.," Laflin & Rand Powder Company's 
"Orange Rifle, F. G.," King's "Semi-Smokeless, F. 

G. or C. G." 

In rifle cartridges containing from twenty- five to 
fifty grains, use one size smaller of the same 
brands. ' 

In pistol cartrides, two sizes smaller of the above 
brands will give the best results. 

Where powder is to be compressed in a shell 
we earnestly recommend the American Powder 
Mills' Rifle Cartridge Powder, and Du Pont Rifle, 
F. F. G., as being United States Government stan- 
dard. King's Semi-Smokeless, F. G , is also good. 

F. G. is the size suitable for use in the 50-95 Ex^ 
press, 45-70 Government, 45-60 and 40-60 cartridges 
and others of similar calibre. 

F. F. G. is suitable for .44, .38 and .32 Calibre, 
Winchester, Savage, etc. 

In such cartridges none of the high grades of 
powder should be used; we refer to such brands 
as Hazard's Electric, DuPont's Diamond Grain, 
etc. These powders (most excellent for use in 
shot guns) owe their quick burning properties to 

423 




8 




their peculiar manufacture; they are not hard 
pressed powders, and, when compressed in a cart- 
ridge shell, they cake behind the bullet more than 
the harder pressed brands, and give high initial 
pr-essure and very irregular shooting without great- 
ly increased velocity. 

In charging the shells with powder, dip the 
scoop full, scrape the top off even and pour into 
the shell, then enter the bullet into the mouth of 
the shell with fingers as securely as possible, then 
place the cartridge in the loading chamber and 
press it in until it reaches the head. A good firm 
pressure should be all that is required to do this, 
and, if by so doing the cartridge cannot be forced 
to the head, there is too much powder in the shell. 
(Use Ideal p6wder measure.) Now seat the bullet 
m the charged shells, the mouth of which is crimp- 
ed or bent over inward on the bullet, contracting 
the muzzle of the shell .02 or .03 of an inch smaller 
than the diameter of the bullet, through which it 
must tear at discharge, thus destroying its accurate 
size and shape before it strikes the rifling of the 
barrel. That it does this is easily demonstrated 
by an examination of the shell after discharge, for 
a new bullet cannot be entered mto the shell again 
until the mouth has been opened, yet, through it, a 
bullet has already been passed, raking it the whole 
length. Further comment is unnecessary. 

Crimping the shell, however, is required to pre- 
vent the possibility of bullets workmg loose and 
getting out while passing through the mechanism 
of some' repeating rifles; then again the crimp is 
necessary in other cases to prevent the bullet from 
being forced down into the shell which would in- 
terfere with the action of some arms. Revolvers 
require the bullets to be firmly crimped in, for if 
they jump forward in the unused chambers at the 
time of the discharge, on account of the recoil, it 
will lock the cylinder so it cannot be operated; so 
also will it lock the mechanism of some repeating 
rifles. For these various reasons shells are 
crimped. 

Reloading' Smokiess Powder Cartridges- 
Low pressure smokeless powder cartridges may 
be reloaded as easily and as frequently as black 
powder cartridges, but the reloading of reduced 

424 



s^^2:^^ 



bores, such as .10-30 and .25-36, with high pressure 
powder is attended with more difficulty and less 
satisfaction. It will be found necessary to resize 
the muzzles of the shells after each round and the 
entire shell after each two or three rounds, and the 
shells split and break in all manner of ways. A 
small percentage of the shells may be loaded 20 to 
25 times, but the majority will break in the^ first 10 
shots, and some will splh the second round. Why 
this is so has not been positively decided. Some 
authorities hold that a chemical action takes place 
in the brass, induced by some ingredient of the 
powder or of the strong priming, while others 
think that the action is simply a physical one to 
be expected from the heavy pressure sustained. 

Smokeless Powders — Smokeless powder is un- 
doubtedly the powder of the future, but it must be 
used exactly as directed unless you are in search 
of an early grave. Within the past few years 
there has been considerable activity on the part of 
the powder manufacturers to develop smokeless 
powders suitable for the various rifles in use. wiih 
the result that today there are many smokeless 
rifle powders which can be used with perfect safe- 
ty and which, further, give excellent results as re- 
gards power, accuracy and keeping qualities. At 
the same time we must urge upon all riflemen who 
desire to reload ammunition with smokeless 
powder to use utmost caution. Follow carefully 
the directions of the powder manufacturers, even 
to the most minute detail; do not experiment rash- 
ly; let others do the experimenting. 

Smokeless powders are of an entirely different 
nature than black powders. With black powder, 
for instance, you always use a ceftain degree of 
compression, or at least pack the powder firmly. 
This is not to be advised with the majority of 
smokeless powders. A charge of black powder 
may be materially increased, with or without com- 
pression; with smokeless powders, the compres- 
sion may develop a tremendous, pressure, while 
even the increase of load rr^y bring too high a 
pressure, or at any rate produce unsatisfactory re- 
sults and possibly serious accidents. Never use 
high pressure powder in low pressure shells. 
Is/ ever compress nitro powders. 



425 




Adopted by the U. S. Government 






For the extraction of broken shells from rifles above shell 

extractors for the following rifles;— 
.25-20 single Shot. 
,25-20 Repeater. 
.25 35 Winchester. 
.25-36 Marlin. 
.32 40 M H. P. 
.30-30 Marlin. 
.30 30 Winchester. 

The Bergersen Shell £,xtractor 



.30-30 Savagre. 


.32 M. H 


.30 40U.S Gov^t. 


.38-55. 


.32 M. H. P. 


7 mm. 


.32-20. 


7.65 mm 


.303 Savage. 


8 mm. 


.303 British. 


.45-70. 


.32-40. 







Extractor ready tor use 

Many 4 gun has been ruined through the misdi- 
rected efforts to remove a broken shell from a 
rifle. When a cartridge head pulls off it leaves 
nothing for the extractor and ejector to grasp and 
the gun is out of commission instantly. This is 
always annoying - sometimes it's mighty serious. 

The Bergersen broken shell extractor slips in- 
side the broken shell, grabs it by the nose and one 
motion of the lever throws out extractor and the 
broken section. The cut shows how, fully. 

For safety's sake carry one of these broken shell 
extractors with you. 

426 




•Taking it Easy in Camp. 

Alike other things there are a few pointers to 
consider in the selection or establishing of a suit- 
able camp, and a few things that should not be 
dotie in this as in anything else. These are times 
when railroads are very liberal in transporting 
camp outfits; and the up-to-date sportsman or 
hunter should provide himself with a well made, 
canvas lined packing*^box of such form and size 
as to hold his entire outfit, or that of his party. 
Th' se are put up especially for the purpose by 
specialists in camp outfitting; while they are plain 
in appearance, durable and roomy, they save all 
expense of transportation, by reason of their being 
checked as ordinary baggage. The object of lin- 
ing with canvas is to keep dampness out and when 
unpacked they can be used as the "grub box" or. 
table; and if care is exercised in packing and the 
selection of the outfit, even tent, poles, pins, camp 
furniture can be packed therein. If desired for 
the raiions, I advise a separate chest for reasons 
that are obvious. On arrival at the terminus of 
railroad transportation, the camp outfit should be 
transported to^ome convenient and distant spot, 
und a headquarter camp arranged, as comfortable 
and complete as possible and maintained as a 
*'base of supplies,''' From here the party starts 
out light, and if care is exercised in judicious out- 

427 



r 



fitting, it is an easy matter to travel from place to 
place lig-fiUy equipped. Camping on your trail 
when the day's bag has been sufficient, hanging up 
your game, marking the spot by taking bearing of 
it, amd pursuifig your journey on until such time 
as is necessary to receive new supplies, when the 
retreat to headquarters is made. By this means 
the sportsman or hunter can scout or cover hitherto 
unexplored or unfrequented territory, whereas on 
the other hand (especially in these days) if he de- 
pends on the vicinity of a few miles of his camp to 
furnish him sufficient hunting, he is mighty apt to 
get left; these remarks of course, applying mostly 
to large game hunting. 

To the sportsman in search of small game, in 
brush, hills, or about the shores of marshes, no 
carnp whatever is needed, as in most cases some 
civilization is near to his favorite shooting grounds, 
while his stay is limited to a range of a few miles. 
Yet even these are beginning to realize that a few 
days of *'Camp Life'' adds greatly to the charm, 
ease and benefit of a trip. No sportsman after a 
hard and successful day's bag or jaiint, enjoys the 
weary tramp and necessary lugging of his game a 
grea;t distance, for often such a day's sport entirely 
unfits him for another. Sportsmen too are now 
beginning to realize that the cost of a suitable 
small camp, and the novelty of it, really in the end 
costs less than their accommodations elsewhere;- 
especially so' if two or three number the party, or 
their stay is for several days or more, and hunters 
and sportsmen's camps are springing up, dotting 
the places here and there amazingly; no need of 
elaborating, the simpler the ouifit provided it does 
not lack essentials, the greater ease and co.nfort 
you enjoy therefrom. 

It is obvious to the intelligent that the plan of 
putting up at regular hunting camps, that have 
been established for several seasons or nriore, is 
poor policy. I care not how close they are to the 
game regions, they might tap the best inhabited 
territory ioY wild game in existence, but the very 
fact that game has been hunted from there, is con- 
clusive evidence that the^aw^ has gone to other ^ 
regions, no man can dispute that fact, and there is 
nothing left to be done but to choose the alterna- 

428 



The Most Compact Sportsman^s or Hunt^ 
er's Outfit Known, 






1— Camp Cot and Mosquito a— Camp Table and ^— Camp Eisy 

Netting Shelf. Chair. 



I 



4- Camp Stool. 




5 - Camp 
Stool. 




6— The Tent for Two Persons. 





8-Camp Cooking Outfit and Dishes. 





T— Camp Chair; 



9-Bedding Roll Up. 



429 




11— Box for Entire Outfit. 




I 



tive of a long trip (perhaps a tedious and costly 
one) to locate the game. Hence I say, the sports- 
man who starts out prepared to camp on the trail 
of game in the midst or borders of their territory, 
savors in itself of both novelty, sight-seeing and 
success. One of the very reasons that it is useless 
to start out hunting without a guide (and an ex- 
perienced one) is because of this fact. It would 
be far more sensible to take this guide, with an 
outfit and start out, and place as much space and 
distance between these so called hunting camps as 
possible; for the chief novelty in them or (claim to 
patronage) consists of the charm of surrounding 
country, simple furnishings, and the stories told of 
great hunting that has been done from there. 
Couple all this to the cost of your board bill, guide 
and extras that creep in, and you have spent about 
what an outfit would cost you, and which would 
serve your purpose again for many a trip to 
com.e. 

With a good guide or packer, the sportsman can 
by travelmg thus, locate his own game almost, and 
enjoy himself to his heart's content; many a sports- 
man has already gone into the game fields and come 
out as he went in (except for a hole in his pocket 
book) by trusting to the alluring literature that has 
been circulated by enterprising railroads, hotel 
and boarding camps, as to the enormous quanti- 
ties of game being found thereabout. Hence my 
advice is to fight shy of these things, cut loose from 
them and with a competent, trustful guide, go out 
mto the wood.s yourself, as far as you possibly can 
toward the haunts of the game you seek; travel as 
light as possible, consistent with simple comfort, 
and you will reap benefits such as you n^er 
dreamed of. There is plenty of game, any amount 
of it, but they are not waiting around hunting 
camps or mountain hotels. The simpler the out- 
fit the better; a sharp knife and a pocket axe, and 
you cut shelter if needs be that a half hour's work 
will render as warm and waterproof almost as a 
good tent. Dry wood is there in plenty for your 
fires or warmth; leaves or dry grass or even 
"browse" (twig tops) for your bed; a coffee pot; 
a fry pan and stew kettle (nested) and you can 
prepare anything from a broiled snipe to a Moose 



430 



TricKs of Woodcraft. 

Things That Can Be Madd In Camp. 




14— Brush Lean to Teepee. 



431 



15- Camp Fire Place.. 



steak or a hot biscuit. No need of salt pork or 
canned Boston fruit (baked beatis) leave *em out. 
A small bag of salt and pepper, a little self-rising 
floiir, coffee and sugar, a piece of select ham or 
bacon and with what your rifle can and will fur- 
nish (you could live a month.) Ten pounds of 
raw, good nutritious food will last any man for any 
5 day trip (and if you want more) send back your 
guide to the "headquarter camp" for it, that's 
what yoa got him for, while you stay around 
and enjoy or fix up camp. All this is plea- 
sure and far above the kind found on front 
porches of hotels or hunting camps. When 
night comes any man possessed of ordinav intelli- 
gence and the facts laid down in my book on 
camping can render such a trip a charm. Try it 
once if you are after meat or sport and see if your 
success is not double what it used to be. Go after 
the game if you want it. That's the whole secret 
of the successful "big game hunters," all of which 
invariably adopt such methods of which I write, 
none of whom are to be found patronizing such 
places. 

As to the proper methods to be used and the de- 
tails of such trips; as my e'lher book, The Com- 
tlete Campers Manual ^r Hoiv to Camp Out and 
What to Do, covers this, it will be needless forme 
to repeat here what I have already written, for 
there is much to be said of other things. 




KinKs About Camp Fires and Cooking. 




The Camp Fire Crane. 





The Green Log Fire Place. 



Oven from Two Bake Pang. 



•;''.v Cw""*vvv 





Oven from Two Tin Pie Plates. 




Frying Pan and Plate Oven. 



The Green Bark Oven. 





Wind Guard or Radiator for Cooking. ' 433 The Ground Trench Fire Place- 




I have probably dwelt sufficiently as to the de- 
tails of preparation ^outfits, methods of hunting, 
tracking^ etc., so perliaps a change of tactics as to 
the art of finding game and securing it, will be 
timely and not altogether lost, especially to the 
new beginner, for whom this volume has been 
mostly written. To those that have been there it 
will probably savor of old times, and still even 
they might get a, pointer or two, for none of us 
know it all. Today the greatest difficulty is to lo- 
cate and approach game, so when you start out 
among the game fields where lies hidden somf- 
where ^nits depths or borders, the game you seek,, 
change ^^«^r tactics, aye here s the rub— the mo- 
ment you -CutJoose from camp or cabin, go cau- 
tlou^yr.s^owly, ''/straight in the face of the wind or 
quartering against it, bearing in mind that every 
animial is endowed by nature with remarkable pow- 
ers such as you never possessed. The whole sec- 
ret of successful hunting for game is to meet and 
-match their shrewdness and cunning with yours. 
Their very existence depends on their watchful- 
ness, for they have many enemies oesides man, 
This has quickened their wits until the animal in- 
telligence is equal, or in many respects superior to 
that of human, and their way of using their smell- 
ing powers, scenting their friends or enemies is 
marvelous; a hundred times more keen and acute 
than that possessed by man, so much so that the 
secret of old trappers success lies mostly in taking 
advantage of that fact. Every animal is endowed 



434 



— _ la^ i«fc. 



f 




by nature with powerful sense of smell, sharp ears 
able to catch the slightest unusual noise or sound, 
eye's that can quickly detect strange or unfamiliar 
niovements. They know where and how to hide, 
even to throwing you off their trail, and if you go 
lumbering along thinking of great hunting in yon- 
der woods a mile away, perhaps a dozen chances 
you will miss, -right about of close to you. Many 
an unlikely spot or pllace that might seem to you 
barren of life, could afford you royal sport; and as 
you tramp noiselessly (you think) through the 
woods or over hills, you would be astonished did 
you but know, that the very game you seek has 
perhaps avoided you time again. The keen 'eyed, 
eared,. nosed rascals are seldom caught napping, 
and are ever alert to the slightest unusual sound or 
noise, a slight cough, or sneeze, the blowing of the 
nose or -the snap of a twig in your path, oftimes be 
ing fatal to sport. Go slowly, cautiously, seeking 
the cover of every natural rise in the'ground, knoll,' 
biish, bank or tree, carefully peering over them, 
before starting anew into spaces beyond, as does 
the Indian, master of the art that he is, 

If you are wise, select a good place where you 
can be partly hid, in such likely spots where game 
abounds, near woods, thickets, waters, or heavy 
brush, at a point where your observations cover as 
large a vicinity as possible; select a comfortable 
seat or log and sit stilly watch, listen and wait, 
you'll find the plari equally as well as tearing 
through the brush. If your up-to-date use your 
Binocular Telescope (a wonderful glass if you have 
the right kind) and search far and near for signs 
of life. By its use, a white object in the distance 
which you could have sworn just moved, turns in- 
to a shiny rock, over there a black one turns into a 
tree stump, and you have saved two miles ot tramp, 
Bringing Its focus to bear across distant waters and 
the value oj that glass has paid for itself, for 
thfere perhaps where no.human eye unaided coujd 
reach, is the game you seek. Reader have you ev- 
er been there — where the first thing you do is to jam 
your hat down, grip yout rifle and wake up to a 
life.pf action, with the blood coursing through-your 
veins and your twigger finger itching like blazes. 
Even as I write a feeling of the '^ Til tell you about 



On the Trail of the Game, see pages 




"Lively Now- 
Lively." 




Another in Sight 
"Say— Ain t that 
Glass a Peach " 



437 "At Last, 



>■«■ 



9teA 



it — kind.'' permeates my frame; but I must for- 
bear, lest I disregard my promise to leave stories 
out. Never mind the distance, what trhe sports- 
man cares for that. Game is there— no, yes, yes, 
there it is, one', two — ^that's enough and you are off, 
but how — stop a moment, how is the wind, natural 
cover, the best way. These are the essential points 
to consider for the longest way round is often the 
shortest road to success "Say aint that glass a 
peach" — taking a generous chew of tobacco, you 
start out, and wend your way making a long de- 
tour, so as to keep the wind quartering or directly 
against you; here a dense growth of underbrush 
affords a generous shutting off of the game from 
your view; just the thing for here, stooping down 
and running low, a few hundred yards is gained, 
now crawl to the edge of that knoll; use your glass 
again, yes, there they are, two beauties, its a Buck 
and Doe, see his horns; they are slowly feeding on 
the ridge, there, he moves away a trifle and Up 
goes his head, as though he had scented you, no 
the wind is right for down goes his head, and its 
safe. Stow away your glass; now is your chance 
go straight toward them, crawling on your hands 
and knees for a close range, take off your hat un- 
til you pass that level at least, (brush it off) the 
string tied to it at the back of your shirt collar, 
secures it over your shoulders back out of the way; 
there you are now as far as you can go safely for 
they are moving about again. Your rifle magazine 
is full, long ago you had a good cartridge ready in 
your chamber; now the distance say 250 yards, 
''windage half point left,'' aim where, at the feuck 
of course, unless you want both', if so, shoot the 
Doe first, aiming at either, always just behind the 
right shoulder a trifle low: now I will leave you for 
I have other duties to perform 'Concerning- many 
things of interest to some one ejs& and if you fail 
to secure meat, surely it is notmy fault, for I have 
led you to it, and can do no more. 



Pocket "Binocular Field Glass." 

Small as an opera glass. 

More powerful than the largest 

Field Glass. 




438 



Illustrations of "GOING HUNTING" Chapter. 




"Yes— there they are." 




'Aim where.' 




'Stooping down and running 

low." 



,,&-.M^^ 






'Just below and behind the 
shouler, a trifle low." 




"Luring"— See Chapter on Deer Hunting, Page — 



Deer Hunting {''''^Vil^.'Z^^') ' 

In this as inany- 
thing else, the 
hunter willdo well 
to study the habits 
and peculiarities 
of the species. It 
is poorest in spring 
or summer, hide 
and meat both; is 
sluggish, indiffer- 
ent and easily ap- 
proached. Later 
in the fall they are 
at the best; he puis 
on more flesh, eye 
and mind become 
active; his scent 
becomes e-xceedingly acute, and as his horns grow- 
hard, losing their velvety covering, sight and abil- 
ity to run increases and he is fitting for a worthy 
hunter'^ skill. 

November and December are the best months; 
at this time doe, buck and fawn travel to- 
gether and much care is necessary to locate and 
approach them, and the hunter should search for 
them cautiously, proceeding in face of or against 
the wind. Failure to do this is time and tramping 
thrown away. The best method is by "stalking" 
The clothing worn should be of neutral color 
(tan color) is best; while the footwear should be of 
soft, noiseless material, either the rubber "shoe 
pac," or better still the double soled Moose hide 
moccasin, three-quarter length. The ideal time is 
after a light fall of snow, when they can be easily 
trailed, and ihe poorest time is during heavy 
winds, or when the leaves are unusually dry mak- 
ing a noise under the feet. When the ground 
and leaves are wet is a good time, especially if the 
wind is. .very light; they are then well in the woods 
or ihiGKets away from water, as the moisture on 
the "browse" suffices to quench their thirst. If 
5now is on the ground and is of a thin crusty sur- 
face, it is bad, for they will hear the crunching 
sound of your footsteps as you go along; but if 



^^ 



440 



Bs«0ec9 



-^2 



soft and fresh, it is at its best. The principal diffi- 
culty in regions where they have been hunted 
much, is to locate them, and for this purpose no 
hunter should fail to provide himself with a power- 
ful, yet light Binocular Field Telescope, (not the 
ordinary field glasses) as these are too large and 
have only half the power. If you choose the right 
kind, as is now adopted by the U. S. Government 
it can easily be carried and used by the guide or 
companion (in a pocket) and is far more useful 
than the second rifle, saving perhaps many a long 
useless tramp, and locating game of all kinds that 
would otherwise be lost to the hunter; indeed the 
importance of this should not be underestimated, 
as nowadays the hard work is to find game, the 
rest is comparatively easy, and it is pretty safe to 
say, that for every deer that the ordinary hunter 
finds, two have seen and avoided him. 

The early morning or toward evening is the best 
time for all hunting, especially toward the last 
quarter of the moon, or during cold, cloudy weath- 
er when the sun is partly hid. If snow is on the 
ground keep a.sharp lookout for their trail, as this 
will aid you in tracking them; when these are ob- 
served the hunter should endeavor to ascertain if 
the animal who made them, be walking, feeding or 
running, and the careful, observing eye will delect 
whether or not the animal has browsed, roamed 
along, by the unevenness or the straight line of its 
tracks, and the distance between them. If running, 
save your steps as he is not to be found in your 
locality ; better strike off diagonally from the course 
you have been following, in the hopes of heading 
him off or locating /nore. If feeding, now is your 
chance to use your glasses, ?,o go cautiously to any 
high point of ground, partly conceal yourself and 
cover a large field of distance with them. If you 
find their droppings, examine it to s<^e it it is fresh, 
or a day or so old; this is woodcraft, and an intelli- 
gent, observing eye need not be experienced to 
detect many such things that are of vast aid. If 
after the early hours of the morn or mid-day they 
wjll be found on or toward side hills, or in the 
thickets, usually however, on the former, where 
they are feeding or resting. If early mora or to- 
ward evening, look for them toward or near the 

441 




water, especially so if the weather is somewhat 
mild and warm; about the edges of swamps, ridges 
of hills etc., where they feed on the browse of 
hemlock, cedar, nibbling the twigs, shrubs, etc. or 
rubbing its horns against the bark of trees and 
small bushes. If the snow is deep look for them 
where the timber is the thickest and where fallen 
trees furnish twigs and high branches on which 
they feed, hemlock, cedar, etc.; in fact some old 
hunters cut them down for that purpose, sometime 
previously so they will find them. 

If following a trail or fresh tracks, go slowly and 
cautiously, as they are ever watchful of their back 
track or trail. When you locate them don't fail 
if necessary, to make a detour around so as to 
get to leeward of them, don't forget that; always 
hunt any game against the wind, it is simply use- 
less to hunt with the wind behind you or at your 
back, for if you hunt and proceed toward them 
against the wind they cannot scent you, unless 
they cross your back track behind you; let the wind 
get between you and the game, then they can't 
scent you. Don't approach any game with the 
wiiid at your back, as this carries your scent to 
them and they will off like a flash; get to leeward 
of them at any cost, then you are practically sure 
of a good shot, if you are careful and don't get too 
hurried or excited, for they are ever alert to the 
slightest unusual sound or noise about them, the 
doe especially. In October she goes into the 
thicket to hide from the buck who is watching for 
her. In November its different, the doe comes out 
to the buck, and the fawn usually accompanies her. 
If you are cool and a good shot, you can select 
fiom the three, so look about for them. Indians 
shoot the doe first, then the buck, last the fawn, 
which will hang around and can be often run down 
and caught by hand. Sportsmen however should 
hesitate to wipe out a family thus; content your- 
self with shooting the buck. If the animal takes 
alarm often a sharp whistle or noise of any kind 
brings it to a dead hah, then do your level best to 
drop him with a well planted bullet behind and 
below the shoulder, for if you fail it means no meat. 
If tney catch sight of you remain rigid, don't move 



"a muscle, as they will very quickly take fright and 
detect anything of life or movement, so keep still. 
When shooting at deer (6r anything else) the 
careful hunter should always take eye note of the 
place where the game stands before he fires, es- 
pecially so if deep grass, or brush abounds, lest 
his shot fails to be deadly; this of course is unnec- 
essary if the ground is open and level, but if other- 
wise he can better locate the spot, so as to search 
for some signs such as blood, which reveals the 
fact that the animal has been wounded, for often 
an error of lo feet in a bushy locality causes the 
loss of a fallen or shot animal, especially by an ex- 
cited hunter, who regards its sudden disappear- 
ance as an indication that he has not hit it; often 
too when well hit, they will run swiftly a short dis- 
tance and drop, crawling to some unseen hidden 
spot to die. Rarely will as wounded animal run 
far if hit, unless hotly pursued and forced tOy as 
they lay down to ease the pain or from weakness 
from the loss of blood. Again, hard bullets (which 
I advise against) especially those of small caliber, 
make such a small wound that but little blood 
flows externally, and unless there is snow so as to 
make their track plain, there is nothing to indicate 
where they went or what; so it behooves the hunt- 
er to not only know the spot, but to search well 
and thoroughly about it. In shooting at deer 
(when running especially) two out of three hunters 
err and overshoot their game, this is because he 
aims at what he sees, usually only the upper por- 
tion of its body, of b>^ reason of faulty sighting. My 
advice is to; always aim below what you see, espec- 
ially so if the animal is on the jump, then never 
shoot except to hit it when it reaches the ground, 
and then fairly low, a shot at the foreshoulder 
stands the best chance; if running aim ahead of it, 
then the chances are that the bullet will find some 
part of his anatomy. If head on, aim at the center 
of its chest, no matter what the position, aim at the 
-biggest part of him and low. Don't forget if he is 
on the run that the sharp whistle mentioned before 
will often cause him to stop a second; that means 
your best and last chance. Remember also to aim 
low as the depth of grass, brush, etc. deceives the 
eye, and the hunter who follows this advice will hit 



444 



:S'^S?^^g-^^^ 



twQ out of three times, as against aiming at the 
center of thie body or higher. Such however has 
been my experience and observations while hunt- 
ing in company with other sportsmen, and my les- 
sons have been taught me by past masters of the 
art — the Indian, who slowly and silently approach- 
ing his game, seldom fires a wasteful or useless 
shot, and who rarely returns empty handed, as a 
result of his studied woodcraft and skill, all of 
^which, his white brothers have more or less tried to 
.imitate. 

Again in approaching wounded or fallen game 
(no matter what the kind) always do it with a fresh 
cartridge chambered ready for immediate use; 
many a careless hunter has lost the game he has 
downed, by approaching a hit animal who was only 
laid out by shock, more than a deadly wound, and 
who although hit, staggered to iis feet and by a 
few bounds in the brush was lost, before the hunt- 
er could bring a fresh cartridge to his weapon, in 
his surprise. 

Again, if the game you seek to approach is on 
distant and open ground, do not fire at them at 
long range, unless you are a crack shot and espec- 
ially good in measuring or estimating distances, 
familiar with the adjustment of rifle sight, so as to 
allow for the bullet's drift (windage) take time to 
correctly gauge your sight; better crawl within 
closer range seeking the cover below any little 
rise in the ground, hummock, rock or bush, that 
will serve to hide you from them, working up slow- 
ly toward them, moving cautiously against the 
wind. If the wind is light, old hunters, woodsmen, 
etc. place their finger m their mouth, moistening 
and warming it thus for an instant then holding it 
up in the air, and by the coolest side, determining 
its correct direction, as often as occasion requires. 
When you gel within fair range select a little knoll 
or rise in the ground, and laying prone befi/md it 
arrange a rest for your rifle. If the game has not 
yet sighted you there is no need of undue hasten 
whatsoever; take careful mental note of the dis- 
tance and deliberate aim, never (unless you are an 
expert marksman) at his head, choose a spot just 
behind his shoulders every time; often they can be 
lured within rifle shot by the sportsman hidden 



S^ 



445 



where he cannot be seen, displaying and moving a 
handkerchief tied to a twig or ramrod (see illustra- 
tion). All these peculiar traits are to be taken ad- 
vantage of by the hunter, the effect of which add 
considerably to his sport and knowledge. They 
are ever alert to the slighest noise (the snapping 
of a twig even) and when frightened they invari- 
ably put a mile or so of distance between the ob- 
ject of their fright and themselves before stopping 
again; resting on hills and constantly wary of the 
direction from which they came; hence if you de- 
sire to approach them again, it is best to work your 
way around them anew, and not to follow m their 
trail. 

In the early season Deer are very fond of fre- 
quenting the waters of certain lakes and streams, 
and often when pursued will take to the waters, al- 
ways swimming away with the current if any exist, 
never against it, and ordinarily visiting these wat- 
ers at certain intervals, by the same route. They 
are extremely fond of lily pads, rushes, etc. espec- 
ially the roots, and are often found immersed to 
their necks in th,e water, for the purpose of ridding 
themselves of annoying insects and flies that 
abound; returning periodically to the same spot 
for their accustomed immersion or feed, by the 
same route, these are called runways, and when 
located, a watchful wait in the early morn or eve, 
is mighty apt to bring success to the sportsman. 
At times salt is placed in these runways, of which 
they are very fond, or a natural salt lick is found 
in which case Deer are almost sure to frequent 
that spot. 

Another method of hunting Deer is by what is 
termed "jacking". On dark nights the hunter pro- 
vides a boat and a bright light, having a reflector 
thereon. The light is fastened to the head of the 
hunter, -or in the bow of the boat, and the 1 ght 
brought to bear along the shores, sweeping by its 
reflected rays as large a distance as possible, pro- 
pelling the boat noiselessly in deeper waters. At 
these times an animal along its banks, attracted by 
the light, raise their heads to perceive it, the occu- 

gants of the boat then perceive two glaring small 
alls of fire, which is nothing more than the reflec- 
tion of the deer's eyes toward the jacklight, and if 



446 



I 



.the sportsman has never seen such before, the ef- 
fect will cause him no little surprise, so much so 
that it has been known to render them incapable 
' taking aim, causing much merriment for the 
o«der sportsman or guide. This is termed the 
'i^Buck Fever''' and there are few that do not ex- 
perience some such sensation. Usually these lan- 
terns are made with a hinged cap (see illustration) 
covering the reflector, for the purpose of shutting 
out the light, for a trip further down or up stream, 
as occasion desires, and enabling the occupant of 
the boat to suddenly sweep any portion of the 
shores they deem most likely. At other times fires 
are built, but it is rarely productive of good results. 
At times these lamps are fastened near the breech 
of the rifle, elevated over the barrels so as not to 
interfere with the sights, and so greater accuracy 
can be had when aiming. I have often hunted 
thus, years ago, when game was more plentiful, 
and must admit that there is a fascination about 
"jacking" or fire-hunting that is intensely interest- 
ing, and the strange wierd sight of the glaring eyes 
with the unusual incident of the surroundings, and 
quiet, amply repays for the watch and wait. Good 
marksmanship here is of course essential, unless a 
shotgun loaded with buckshot is used, but as this 
is most unsportsmanlike, it should not even be con- 
sidered. 

Many hunters also resort to a similar plan for 
"night hunting" usually at a natural salt lick if 
found, or at some point where the Deer frequent; 
at times salt is strewn about, a few days previous- 
ly so as to attract them to that vicinity. A light is 
then fastened to the head of the hunter (or manip- 
ulated by a guide or companion.) When a Deer 
is located by the "shining light of their eyes" the 
rifle is brought into play with deadly effect. Many 
hunters using simply a candle and cylinder of birch 
bark, fastened to the hat. All these methods how- 
ever, are mentioned here simply to show the var- 
ious plans of different hunters, and not recom- 
mended to the reader. Laws are against their em- 
ployment and wisely so, for either still hunting- 
stalking, jumping or tracking are far more sports- 
manlike and equally successful, and lest my read- 



447 



ers do not understand these better methods, I will 
briefly describe them. 

Still Hunti7ig means taking a stand or location 
about various runways or haunts of wild animals 
and waiting for them to appear within rifleshot. 
In "jamoing" Deer, the hunter moves carefully 
from point to point, shooting at the animal as he, 
}umps from his hiding place and runs away. 
"Stalking" means to approach (carefully) game 
sighted at a distance, taking advantage of wind 
cover, etc., so as to approach within good rifle 
range; while "tracking" means to follow their signs 
or trail carefully until located, and so rewarded by 
a successful shot at them. 

Another method of hunting Deer is by '■'• Hound- 
ing'" or locating the trail of Deer by start- 
ing dogs after them. 1 have had considerable ex- 
perience in this method with the Indians, but more 
especially during my Arctic voyages in Polar Bear 
hunting (of which I will speak of later on) if dogs 
are plenty, sportsm.en start at different sections, 
covering as large a space as possible; certain sig- 
nals or code of them being arranged before hand,, 
when a trail is found, the yelping of the dogs in- 
dicate its proximity. 

In order that too many dogs do not follow the 
same trail they are held in "leash," and which is 
oftimes a most serious and hard duty to perform. 
When a Deer is pursued by hounds it invariably 
takes to the water, if near it, in the endeavor to 
throw the hounds off the trail and unless a boat or 
canoe is at hand, usually gets away, from the 
sportsman at least. To overcome this the hunter 
takes station near the points where these runways 
exist and act to intercept their flight as indicated 
by the hounds in prder to secure the chances of a 
successful shot or more. At such times as these 
it has been known for Deer to run into the very 
heart of a sportsman camp; even toward the hunt- 
er as if for protection. It is certainly an unsports- 
manslike mehod of hunting, and is only mention- 
ed here in prder that my readers may become 
familiar with the methods employed. Besides 
this hounding is unpopular and well, so, owing to 
the fact that it renders the meat inferior by over- 



448 



heating, although it is pardonable at times, and" 
under certain circumstances. Like the following 
which came under my personal observation, of a 
crippled old Indian who used to start out with a 
dog tied to his body to aid him in locating a trail 
acd in following it. When, however, the dog lo- 
cated the nearness of the game by its actions, it 
was promptly an^ by the leash securely fastened 
or staked to the ground^ while the old, but crafty 
cripple changed his ' tactics to stalking evi- 
dently for the true, sure spon there was in it, and 
he got hi's meat every time. 

In concluding this artide on Deer hunting let- 
me give this last word of advice to the hunter: 
Never shoot at a Deer or Moose when, swimming 
in the water. Wait until he comes to shore. If 
you follow him unobserved he won't go far before 
he will steer in (usually below Some distant point) 
and take to the woods again; and should per- 
chance he strike out for the opposite shore and 
you cannot follow by boat or canoe let him have 
Jiis life for his display of intelligence, for he has 
fairly won the fight and outclassed you in the art 
of sportsmanship. 

Last but not least, the sportsman should adhere 
to this rule, never in Deer hunting permit yourself 
to shoot at anything smaller than Deer. A shot 
at a bird or small animal might spoil your chances 
for big game that day. Again post up on the game 
laws, unless you travel withra competent guide, 
and if this is the case follow his instructions, treat 
him with respect, kindness yet firmness. It is his 
duty to work, carry the burden of the pack and 
render your trip comfortable and successful. Sat- 
isfy yourself, thoroughly as to his worth before 
hiring his services. Go slow about it. Don't get 
a cheap man. There are plenty of good ones 
(usually registered guides and well known) and if 
you use him right, he'll wear himself out in a faith- 
full way trying hard to get you all you went after 
and more. A cheerful, encouraging word, instead 
of an unkind remark, wilU stimulate him to renew- 
ed efforts and perhaps at the moment you think a 
trip useless, lead you to success that will live long 
in your memory of his capability, faithfulness and 
value. 



449 




To those who diesire the ideal sport of hunt- 
ing for this King of the forest, I particnlarly in- 
vite attention to my chapter on Deer hunting, as 
miich the same methods are to be employed, by 
reason of its bein^ a specie of the same family. It 
is a monstrous animal, often larger than a horse in 
height, towering[ up 6 to even 8 feet at the shoul- 
ders, and weighing from 800 to 1,200 lbs.; the broad 
and spreading antlers of the Bull Moose, measur- 
ing from 3 to 5 feet between tips. Their hair is of 
a coarse brown, dwindlmg down to a yellowish 
gray at the lower extiemities of the body. At the 
approach of winter, especially on the neck of the 
animal this hair grows unusually thick and dark, 
terminating in an immense tuft, not unlike a horse 
mane. Its habits are alike to the Deer, and when 
pursued it will not hesitate to attack the hunter. 
As the laws of most States forbid the hunting of 
these animals until the' fall of the year, it is hardly 
necessary to enter into details concerning them in 
the earlier season; but as it is well for the spoits- 
man to thoroughly acquaint himselt as to their 
life and habits, a few facts covering this might not 
come amiss. 

Late in the spring months (about June) the Cow 
Moose seeks the exclusion of the forest and thicket 
bordering distant waters, and brings forth her 



450 





•■'Calling." 451 



xyoung, usually one to three, according to the "age 
of the mother, who hides her young amidst the 
dense growths of underbrush, while it feeds on the 
nourishing foods of aquatic plants which borders 
the ^yaters, (stems of rushes and the succulent roots 
of the water lily^ and moist grass that overhang the 
water banksi If is an ugly animal with a long pe- 
culiar shaped nose, ears, and small eyes. At 
these times they can be easily approached by the 
cautious hunter, but as the laws of most States for- 
bid their shooting at this time, it can only be to ob- 
serve and study them. It is at these times also, 
that the Bulls frequent the waterways and march- 
es in search of such foods also, their favorite being 
the lily pads, wading out into the waters to reach 
them, burying their noses and often submerging 
their bodies, uttering seemingly, snorts of delight. 
Later in the season, toward 'October, the Bulls 
roam far and wide, seeking for the female, whoge 
wierd, nerve-trying, plaintive wail is often closely 
imitated by the experienced guide or hunter in 
search of them, and termed "Moose calJing." To 
do this he selects and forms a cone from a piece of 
thin birch bark, and taking position towards even- 
ing near the waters where they come to drink, 
sends forth in imitation the long plaintive wail of 
the female, and should perchance this sound, in 
the stillness of the forest woods, and which starts 
with low grunts and groans, endirtg in a long drawn 
wail or roar, reach the ears of the' searching or lis- 




"They Aimed Below and Behind the Shoulder. 
452 



B 



tening bull, he will promptly be heard forcing and 
crashing his way towards its source, sniffing the 
air in his endeavor to locate the expectant female, 
and emitting grunts of satisfaction at the chance 
of finding a worthy mate; should perchance two 
bulls meet thus, they often fight with each other, 
and such a scene as this wilt repay the hunter 
alone for the expenses of any trip. Another noise 
made by the Bull Moose is termed "chopping" re- 
sembling somewhat the sound of chopping wood 
in the distance, and which is caused by a forcible 
opening and closing or clapping, of their jaws. 
This sound is often reproduced by old guides or 
hunters rapping with the broad part of an axe, the 
bark of a partly hollow tree; these things however 
are only of service in the early part of the season. 
Unquestionably the best time for Moose hunt- 
ing is after a fall of snow (October or November) 
when the route chosen should be along the hard 
wood ridges where they frequent, bogs, swamps 
and certain runways, among the wilderness. In 
hunting them (as it is done mostly by trailing) the 
services of an experienced guide is essential, un- 
.less the hunter himself is familiar with such meth- 
ods. For equipment choose that mentioned in the 
chapter on Hunting Outfits, not omitting the field 
or Binocular Telescope (as this of all thmgs is de 
sirable.) If the snow is deep or not, do not ven- 
ture afar without a pair serviceable snow shoes, 
warm clothing, provisions and material for fire 
and warmth. At these times Moose, when winter 
snows and cold exist, work gradually into the 
depths of the forests, seeking the natural shelter 
from exterior storms, browsing on the branches of 
trees, twigs of the ash, poplar, birch, maple, willow 
land other trees, small bushes or sprouts, such as 
have not been covered by the blanket of sncw. If 
the snow is unusually deep, like the Deer, they form 
what is known as "yards" by tramping down the 
snow, thereby forming numerous paths around and 
about where they feed, enclosing in these yards 
the various trees which furnish them with food, of- 
ten embracing a newly fallen tree which has been 
[perhaps cut down by a shrewd hunter or guide \o 
'serve a sportive purpose, the boughs and branch- 
>es of which with its tender buds and twigs, they 



are very fond of as food, and the fortunate hunter 
who locates one of these yards, is apt to find three 
or more Moose, that will furnish sport enough to 
satisfy his every desire for that trip at least. 

The Moose is also trapped by old trappers in 
distant and northern woods, the Newhouse trap 
No. 6 being especially adapted for the purpose; no 
bait is used, it is simply placed under 4 light cov- 
er of snow in these yards, where the Moose fre- 
quent; or in runways, usually directly under the 
tall branches on which it likes to feed. Reaching 
up to browse as usual, it plaices its feet on the pan 
of the trap, which is chained to a clog and hidden 
a- short distance away; care must be taken that 
thisclog is not loo heavy, sufficient only to act as 
an impediment, which serves to hold them in the 
vicinity until the trapper makes his regular 
rounds. The animal is then dispatched, and itsj 
fine< flesh forms a winter's supply of food that' 
cheers the heart and warms the stomach of the 
trapper, during the long and lonely winter months. 
As the methods of trailing and still hunting them 
do not differ from that of Deer hunting materially, 
it is only necessary for the reader to study that 
article, which by rnany experienced hunters is con- 
sidered most.thbrougli and complete. 




•One mt with> "Savage Bifle "303 ;'» 
454 



I 



Hunting Bears (^'"'^lifeTi^'"''"') 

Much the same tactics should be employed in 
the hunting of these animals, no matter what the 
specie. Armed with the modern weapon or rifle 
of today, the hunter with a fair amount of coolness 
and courage has every possible advantage Even 
if alone, no one should hesitate to attack one, un- 
less he is a mighty poor shot, or his arm inade- 
quate. Years ago, even today the savage hesitates' 
not to attack them with bow and arrow, or rudely 
fashioned spear. Our forefathers armed with the 
muzzle loader *^'flint lock" gloried in the sport, why 
then should the sportsman of today, armed with 
the deadly magazine rifle, high explosive, and 
modern bullet, even think twice about it, unless he 
is an arrant coward or a mighty poor shot; for sure- 
ly are the odds nnuch against the bear in every 
way 

Rarely has it been known for a bear to attack a 
man unless forced to; indeed q.uite the contrary. 
Nothing living has a greater desire to avoid man 
than the bear— despite the numerous yarns to 
the contrary (much as you like to believe them.) 
They will turn tail and run every poFsibje time they 
get a ghost of a chance; rarely will they venture to 
attack any man, even if hungry, unless forced to, 
-provoked or wounded.^- — 

Unquestionably the easiest and best way to hunt 
Bears are with hounds— or without them, with a 
companion. Either way you have the bear at every 
disadvantage. One of the chief reasons of fearing 
them is that such terrible exaggerated stories have 
been written concerning them, that most hunters 
hesitate on this account; yet those who once have 
pluck enough to attack them, welcome the second 
opportunity i s.nd this can be well applied to any 
savage animal. There are plenty of hunters who 
positively refuse to risk a shot at anything, where 
there is the least element of danger from the ani- 
mal defending itself, however slightly, and I leave 
the question ^open, are these men, sportsmen^ 
hunters or what. Hence I say never let the op- 
portunity pass, even if you must seek compgnions 
to help you; never give up until (if fortunate enough 
to get the chance) you have that Bears hide and 



455 



^^^^^ 



head to grace your parlor or den— get him some- 
how, if you have to climb a tree and shoot down at 
him, for no bear could ever possibly get a man of 
common ordinary grit, who perched up aslride a 
limb, rifle in hand, got in the tirst licks. 

There are plenty of men who would pay largely 
for the chance you might be only too willing to 
throw away, forare you fitted in any way up-tO:date, 
possessed of ordinary skill and courage only, the 
danger is comparatively small; any old hunter or 
trapper will tell you that. Bear in mind however; 
I do not mean to infer that some knowledge is un- 
necessary, far from it. To kill a baby fawn, one 
must know how. Remember 1 am speaking of the 
hunter who has already mastered the art of hand- 
ling a rifle or gun fairly well; if he can do this and 
is not short of ammunition, that same man can 
kill a bear, does he use ordinary judgment and 
hunters sense to that end. 

Bears are mostly omnivorous in their existence, 
livmg mostly on vegetable foods, nuts, berries or 
animal flesh, being especially fond of sweets or 
honey of the bee, and will eagerly risk his life to 
obtain a feed of the latter; this is taken advan- 
tage of by old trappers who use it in many ways 
to effect their capture; no animal being more eas- 
ily trapped than the Bear (which does not auger 
well for his remarkable cunning which we so 
often hear lauded.) Probably the best time for 
Bear hunting is before winter sets in, as in the 
sprmg they are not at their best, while the depth 
of the winter finds them hibernatingJn their wm- 
ter retreat. October or November is best after the 
first fall of snow, when their track or trail can be 
followed, and if the hunter can only secure a few 
good dogs, even if alone, the question of danger to 
him is indeed small, while the possession of a Bear 
skin is a trophy that will remain a source of coti- 
gratulation to your prowess and skill, sufificient to 
make you eager to go again, should ever oppor- 
tunity occur. . 

. In Bear hunting there are a few simple rules to 
follow that invariably promises and secures abso- 
lute safety and success, i St.— Commence firing at 
them at long range, taking careful and deliberate 
aim and being sure of lowering your sights.should 

456 



I 



he come towards you. 2nd.— Never turn your back 
or run from him, dodge him you may; stand your 
ground you must, but run — never. 3rd.— If you have 
a companion let both of you take position at some 
distance ^part, so as to detract the attention of the 
Bear alternately 4th.— Preserve that position— 
and say, Bear huntmg is shorn of its danger, and 
is real genuine sport, ei/en if neither of you are 
crack shots so long as you are game. 

In shooting at Bears, unless you are good shots, 
don't aim at their heads, aim to break both shoul- 
ders and a trifle low; pump in quartering Shots 
through a front shoulder and out through the heart 
and lungs, if you want to reach a killing spot; a 
ball ain[>ed at his head is seldom effective, unless 
put behind the ear; aim to cripple him firing and 
reloading alternately, shots through the ribs or 
stomach does not lay him out by any means, and 
only makes him intensely savage with pain, and a 
Bear thus wounded is certainly all every writer 
ever claimed, and a little more besides, often re- 
quiring 10 or 12 hits to finish them, unless a ball be 
planted in a vital spot. Don't overlook the main- 
taining of that distance apart or the alternate shoot- 
ing, and you are a match for any single one at a 
time. Bear or Bears that you can locate; and now 
I will conclude with a word of good advice. l>Iever 
tackle a male and female Bear with cubs, walk all 
day or a week to avoid them; they won't molest 
you unless you do them, and don't ever hurt the 
cubs, whatever you do, donH do that. If you 
meet'the female and cubs alone, center your ef- 
forts on the mamma, but leave the cubs be, and if 
she chases you, deserting her cubs to do it, hit the 
cub if you can, and a cry from it of pain will cause 
mamma to go back to her cub quick as a flash. 
These are the points of Bear hunting, and if yau 
can only bear them in mind you will be a ^most 
confirmed Bear hunter all your life. These are 
facts and are the methods erhployed by most noted 
and experienced Indians and hunters alike, and 
having passed the greater portion of my hunting 
life with the former, both the American (Simon 
pure) Indian, serving with them in the service of 
the U. S. Government, on duty with them in their 
own Indian country for five consecutive years, 

ff^-«5vV *s«.=*r=^ 458 




mostly on scout duty, and again with the (Annuit) 
or Esquimaux Indians of the Arctic ocean for thi"ee 
consecutive years in the frozen regions of the 
north (see introductory page) living as one of them, 
during the Arctic voyages of which the writer was 
a member, will I trust assure you af my personal 
experiences on the subject of what I write now. 

By these methods even the "Silver tip" Gri'zzly 
or the most fierce of all the Polar, are easily mas- 
tered without dogs, although the 'employment of 
them renders such hunting easier still, (except for 
the dogs) as one stroke of his paw is often sufficient 
to send them disemboweled a distance of five or ten 
feet. These animals simply prevent him ixova pur- 
suing the hunter, at least until he has dispatched Or 
routed them. As stated before Black, Grizzly, or 
Polar Bears' hibernate in winter, l^ri^nging forth 
their young (usually two or three), living on their 
fat gained before retiring to their haunts, drawing 
sustenance (so the Indian claims) from its body by 
continually licking its huge paws and the porous 
soles of its feet, and where owing to^ifiaction it re- 
quires no other food. Any of these animals can be 
caught by usin^ No. 5 or 6 Newhouse traps, baited 
with fish or poi^k, and scented with honey or burnt 
honey comb; entering^freely any kind of trap -or 
dead-fall arranged for tTiem. (See Hints on Trap- 
ping.) 



/< K 




'Bear Tracks' 



^^^ 




"Other Tracks' 

459 



I 




PacH Mules, Packing, 
and Outfits 

A pack mule or 
burro (that has 
been used for this 
purpose) should be 
secured if any way 
possible. It not, 
select any good 
stout pony, bron- 
cho, burro or horse, 
preferably one 
that has been well 
broken into the 
"Loading Up." saddle, quiet and 

(Animal Blinded,) used to hard work. 

It should be a rather low animal, strong", stout 
and chunky built; always avoiding any that have 
wild or vicious habits, or those not used to rough 
country roads or fields. It should be gentle, sound 
and sure.-footed, and the broader the back the bet- 
ter. Steer clear of the idea "that' any old plug"" 
will do, lest he give out when too late to remedy 
the evil, and leave you in the howling wilderness 
with a pack saddle and pack on your hands. In a 
shift the any old plug is better than nothing— true; 
but you are taking big chances. Examine care- 
fully the feet, legs.and back— especially the lat- 
ter if you pack "hard. 
Avoid those having 
sores, foot or leg dis- 
eases, unless you want 
to borrow trouble.. 

For the outfit you 
need a common stout 
halter and "lead rope" 
(15 feet long ) next a 
a good "Saw Buck" 
pack saddle or Apa- 
rejo if you pack 
heavy. This is a lav- An old Army i^acKer at Work, 
orite with many western and Army Packers of ex- 
perience; where heavy loads and long trips are es- 
sentiaL Either can be procured of specialists in 




460 




outfitting. Have tliem rigged complete with "dou- 
ble cinches" and breech straps as shown. Next a 
good lyi inch Lash, or Hitch Rope, the longer the 
better (if in reason.) 1 am aware that many writ- 
ers give the size PACK SADDLE 
right down to a 
foot, but my ad- 
vice is to choose 
about 10 to 20 
feet more every 
time (take 50 ft. 
of it) let it be 
raw hide if you 
can, if' not a 
good manilla 
lyi inch hemp 
rope will do. 
The Hook to the Cinch (shown in illustration) 
should be of good stout brass, riveted to the cinch 
and bound in with good strong leather; while the 
cinch itself had best be of twisted flat strands of 
horse hair about six inches wide. Next comes the 
Sweat Cloth— (for this a piece of clean worn gunny 
sack is excellent.) Next, two or three 
good saddle blankets, which can be 
your bedding at night (if needs be;) 
fold these as you would any saddle 
blanket, into six thicknesses each so 
as the whole will form a soft pad 
(and thus prevent the back of your 
animal from getting sore;) last of all 
cover this with a very heavy piece of 
\2 oz. Army canvas, or a square of 
carpet will do, so as to keep the pack 
chafing or soiling the blankets. Overall 




Pack or Lash 

Rope, Cinch 

and Hook 

from 



this (taking great care that no wrinkles are in any 
of the folds) place your pack saddle, seating it cor- 
rectly and securely, adjust your breech, cinch and 
breast straps, and you are ready fof'your "pack 
load." 

If your animal is not used to packing, I advise 
that he be blinded by a handkerchief (the large 
bandanna) so as to keep him quiet, yet if you cari 
dispense with this, do so. Now pass your lash rope 
and cinch under the animal and adjust your load. 



461 




Tightening Up a Bit. 



taking care that 
both sides are as 
evenly balanced as 
possible. It is im- 
portant tliat an 
equal distribu- 
tion of weigflxts be 
made; let the hea- 
vy soft or bulky 
articles go on first, 
so as to form a 
resting support for 
other and smaller 
ones. An exper- 



cper- 
ienced packer can adjust and secure a pack load 
alone, yet ordmarilf two persons will be necessary 
one on each side (nigh and off side packers;) the 
nigh packer passes the hitch rope over the load 
well to rear of the animal, the off side packer 
now does his trick, which consists of pulling it to- 
ward him, until he has sufficient rope to form a 
slack loop, which he returns to his partner, who 
stands with 
the hook of 
the cinch in 
his hand 
ready to en- 
ga.ge the i 
loop, cinch- 
ing it to thei 
animal's 
body or bel- 
ly, return- 
ing back 

?t"un^?r^the '^^® ''Diamond'' without the Loops, 
standing rope, looping it as usual; tightening up 
every inch of slack already about the pack, pass- 
ing the loops well to the front and rear, engag- 
ing them with the ends and- hauling as tight as 
possible (don't be afraid of getting it too tight) in- 
deed old army packers punch the animals' ribs, 
for they have learned the trick of filling their 
stomachs with wind so as to avoid a tight pack; by 




462 



this means often a foot of slack can be gained, 
and it means a gfood deal. By qjaartering the pack 
rope each time it is passed from front to rear, rear 
to front, and securing these loops. The diamond 






'^Nwggsr^ 



How will I get it all on. 

is formed as shown in illustration, except that this 
one shows also a bird's eye view of the "Diamond 
Hitch" (in center) which secures 
the whole so as it cannot work 
loose or slip. As sizes and kinds 
of packs vary so, it is a difficult 
matter to give detailed instruc- 
tions to fit all 
cases; hence 
experience -^ 
and that on- 
ly can aid one 
to master the 
art. 

Before con- 
con eluding 
Diamond Hitch this chapter I 
deem it wise to mention and 
illustrate another excellent device used jn connec- 
tion with pack saddle, referring the reader to the 
illustration of the "Alforja" Saddle Bag (Side 
Packs ) which for a hunter's outfit are undoubt- 
edly superior, inasmuch, as two of these can be 
be usedone either side of an animal; while the form 
is such that they can be extended and loaded down 





Alforja Saddle Bag 
Pack. 



463 



■^^^^^2^ 



with an infinite variety of almost everything (small 
or large) without danger of losing any of the con- 
tents. As shown these hang to the horns of the 
pack saddle, and are made of extremely heavy 
canvas, leather bound; size 24x18x12 inches, cap- 
able of carrying from 75 to 100 lbs. each, and are 
provided with canvas flap covers which keep out 
the dirt and dust, as well as permitting easy ac- 
cess to articles stored or packed inside. By using 
two of these and securely lashing over their top, 
any other bulky articles such as provisions, bed- 
ding, utensils, etc., a pack outfit can be carried 
with ease, convenience and safety, to accommodate 
any ordinary sized hunting party, enabling them 
to take a trip to otherwise inaccessible regions. 

Still another method of using a pack animal, one 
especially popular with the natives, of .Cuba, Porto 
Rica, etc., where the writer served with our troops 
during the Spanish-American war, is accomplished 
by using two immense canvas or leather bags 
made in one piece; the openings to the bags being 
like immense flap pockets on the top of pack. 
This bag was simply lifted on the back of the ani- 
mal and strapped there, with breast, breech and 
belly straps. It was then loaded up until its con- 
tents fairly hid the small "burro" carrying it; be- 
sides this the driver usually perched on top of it 
himself. It was a simple method of packing, and 
the way the animals traveled over rocks and steep 
mountains, showed its simple efficiency for the pur- 
pose; for equipped thus, a party of three sports- 
men could travel from contmeni 10 
continent, equipped most complete 
in every detail. 





1 



^^^^^ Hits Around 
^S^^^ *1^« Bull's Eye. 

IK^ J^^l You Can Obtain— A sup- 

HH7 VPV plementary chamber which 

W^^^^m^^^m can be placed in the cham- 

^E^PShP^ ber of your hunting rifle, so 

^^■^H^F^' as to shoot therefrom pistol 

^^^^ cartridges for practice or 

small game (called rifle cartridge bushings) cham- 
bered tor 32 caliber Smith & Wesson or Colt's new 
police center fire cartridges, which admits of the 
regular short or long being used in 303. caliber ri- 
fles, all .30 caliber or Winchester .32 special for 
short range work or killing small game. Or you 
can obtain miniature cartridges for small game 
shooting. 

Best Treatment for Snake Bites.— Tie a cord 
or handkerchief above the wound and twist tight; 
cut around the wound and suck the blood there- 
from; perfectly safe if no sores about the mouth. 
(Don-t use whiskey.) Cauterize the wound by 
burning it is good. An old saying and a true one 
is, whiskey for a snake bite is about as good as car- 
bolic acid for sun burn. 

The Ideal Combined Holster— And carbine 
stock attached to a modern pistol, (see Luger or 
Colts Automatic Pistol) converts it into a rifle. An 
absolutely unique article for sportsmen, travelers, 
prospectors, cattlemen, officers and all who use 
large caliber weapons. Transforms a revolver or 
pistol into a rifle instantaneously. Makes every 
person a good revolver shot, insuring absolute ac- 
curacy of aim. Attaches by removing plates from 
grip and substituting special plates furnished. No 
mulilation of weapon. Holster feature absolutely 
original— weapon can not be shaken out or drop- 
ped out. Holsters now ready for Smith & Wesson 
.38 Military; Colt's New Army and New Navy and 
Luger Automatic Pistol. 

Don't Shoot— Until you are sure its not a human 
being; hunters Sometimes crawl on all fours too. 

Don't Start— On a trip without a lunch in your 
pocket or haversack. 

466 



le^na i J i n- u i n ^ 



iiiriTni,i\ijj 




A Practical Rifle from a Shot Gun — Can be 
made by using tlie Elterich Rifle Bullet Shell, 
converting a 12 gauge gun into a rifle using 32-20 
and J2 S. & W. calibeis. (Made for 10, 12, or 16 
gauge shot guns.) This rifled shell is not an aux- 
iliary barrel, but is actually a shell made of brass 
and so constructed that it will fit into any 12 gauge 
shot gun. Into this shell is fitted a rifled steel bar- 
rel, chambered for bullet cartridges.^ The outer 
shell is slotted and bulged outward, which pro- 
duces a springy effect, and if the shell is pushed 
into the barrel of the shot gun, it will fit closely 
and will not fall out or shift. The rifled steel bar- 
rel of the shell is provided with an extractor, so 
constructed that it will adjust itself to any ejector 
(common or automatic) found on single or double 
barrel shot guns. Thus, by opening the gun, the 
empty cartridges will be ejected in the same man- 
ner as an ordinary shell. The rifled bullet shells 
are made so exact and accurate, and everything so 
thoroughly tested that they will prove in every 
respect as reliable as a rifle, and with proper sight- 
ing can be used with single and double barrel shot 
guns at target practice. 

Targ-etingf Shot Guns— 10 and 12 gauge shot 
guns are targeted at 40 yards; 16 gauge guns at 35 
yiards. 

Sigfhtingf a Rifle Correctly at Targfets.— Hold 
rifle firmly to shoulder, without strain or tremor; 
sights perfectly upright. The center of the notch 
in the rear sight should then be brought into di- 
rect alignment with the front sight; and when cor- 
rectly held the tip of the front sight should appear 
about 1-32 of an inch above the bottom of the notch 
of the rear sight, or so much as may be distinctly 
seen without blurring. With a bead or pin-head 
front sight the whole of.the bead should b^ . seen. 
Keeping the sights in this same relative position, 
the muzzle of the rifle should be ^raised until the 
tip of the front sight reaches the bottom edge of 
the bull's-eye, but does not quite touch it; a small 

467 



space intervening just perceptible to the eye with- 
out straining. With aperture front sights, the aper- 
ture in the bead should "ring" the bull's-eye, al- 
lowing a thin white ring to show equally around 
the bull's-eye. 

Variation in grouping shots is due to difference 
of holding the sights, firing with varied pulls of the 
trigger, etc., and defective eyesight, far-sighted- 
ness, near-sightedness, etc.; in which case the sights 
should be altered to the shooter's method of sight- 
ing. If this is done, it should be remembered as a 
general rule, that however the adjustment of the 
rear sight may be changed, the effect will cause 
the rifle to shoot in the direction toward which the 
rear sight has been moved, zvhile any alteration 
ofthefrojit sight produces an opposite effect; as 
an example, if the rear sight moved toward the 
right, the rifle will shoot further to the right on the 
target; while if the front sight is moved to the 
right, it will shoot to the left; if the front sight is 
filed off or made lower, it will shoot higher, and 
so on. 

Trajectory or Plight of Rifle Bullets.— The 
path which a bullet follows, called its trajectory, 
from the instant of leaving the muzzle of a lifle un- 
til it strikes the target, is a continuous curve, no 
portion of which- is a straight line. This curved 
path is due to the force of gravity acting in a down- 
ward direction upon the bullet, which deflects it 
more and more, as the range increases, from the 
straight line in which it was projected upon leav- 
ing the rifle. The bullet is deflected still further 
by the resistance of the air, which tends to in- 
crease the curvature of its trajectory by retarding 
its velocity. This effect is most noticeable when 
firing at long ranges. In order to determine the 
killing zone of any bullet, it is customary to_ give 
the mid-range height of its trajectory, which is the 
height of the bullet above the straight line from 
muzzle of the rifle to the point where bullet strikes 
the target. 

Pire Promptly — Long drawn or long aimed 
shots make unsteady, inaccurate shooting; uncer- 
tainty is responsible for many misses and errors. 

Don't Experiment — With ammunition, leave 
that for experts to do. 

468 



Bray ton's Auxiliary Cartridge. 

This is the latest and only successful device 
by which the difficulties pertaining to target 
practice or smal^ game shooting with a large 
caliber rifle can be eliminated This device does 
away with all the expenses and paraphernalia 
necessary to reloading shells with reduced 
charge; completely overcomes the lack of uni- 
formity is very accurate, easy to manipulate 
and economical. When the auxilary is handled 
with care it is practically indestructible, some 
having been used to fire more than three 
thousand rounds each. 




Brayton's Tubeless Telescopic Rifle Sight. 

The problem solved. A cheap and accurate 
substitute for the expensive and cumbersome 
telescopic tube. This device will increase the 
chances of securing game and reduce the danger 
of mistakes and accidents. 

The magnification is four diameters which 
is about the power of average field glass. Thev 
comprise a 1/16 inch ivory bead front sight, 
bar middle sight and the cells and lenses 
complete. They can be used with or without 
the rear peep sight. 

In aiming, first look below the edge of the 
rear lens through the sight opening and find 
the top of the front sight. Don't attempt to 
sig'it through the rear lens but below it. 

These sights are adapted to any form of rifle 
which has removable front and middle sights. 
In ordering give the make, form, size and length 
of rifle barrel, and the distance from the rear or 
front sight to rear of middle sight 

Made now for Savage rifle onlv. 

Models 1899 and 1903 all calibers. 



S 



Hunters Don'ts 



—Loaded fire arms around camp or 
-A loaded gun to a brother hunter 
—A fence with a loaded gun in 



Don't Leave- 
anywhere else. 
Don't Fass- 

or anyone. 
Don't Climb 

your hands. 

Don't Let — Your hammers rest on the plungers. 

Don't Go — Hunting without a good reliable brok- 
en shell extrator, or without fitting your cartridges 
into the chamber, proving them. 

Don't Slioot — With one eye closed; learn to keep 
them both open. 

Don't Let — Your gun remain dirty over night; 
never polish it so as it shines. 

Don't Use — Too much oil in the action of a gun 
or it will gum and stick. 

Don't Let Rust— Stay in the barrels, it will eat 
a hole in them. 

Don't Vary — From powder manufacturers di- 
rections, if reloading cartridges yourself. 

Don't Put — A poor shell in your cartridge belt, 
better throw it away. 

Don't Use — Shot gun powder for rifle cartridges 
or high pressure powder in low pressure cart- 
ridges. 

Don't Pail — To smoke your sights if they are 
worn or shiny. 

Don't Wear Boots — When "stalking, use 
good Moosehide or Elkskin moccasins, three-quar- 
ter boot size. 

Don't Start— On a long trip without a safety 
match box (filled) and a reliable pocket compass 
and a hunting knife. 

Don't Approach— Any wounded *game, without 
a cartridge in the chamber of your rifle, ready for 
any surprise. 

Don't Carry a Loaded Gun — With hammers 
down, its dangerous. 

Don't Try to Do— Accurate shooting with a dir- 
ty gun— you can't. 




■«Mfl 



I 



Ball Bearing Steel Cleaning Rod. 

This IS far the best cleaning rod on the mafket, 
because by its scientific construction it allows 
the swab to reach into the rifling of a gun and fol- 
low it through all its turns— thus cleaning it per- 
fectly — where a one-piece rod merely gathers the 
dirt into the rifling and leaves it there. Made 
from spring steel, carefully tempered, and with a 
heavy coatmg of nickel over a plating of copper 
The handle is made of turned brass, and contains 
a grease cup closed with a screw cap at the butt. 
The handle and rod are fitted with a double set of 
ball bearings to receive the thrust and pull of 
cleaning. A thorough cleaning saves guns — im- 
perfect cleaning means poor shooting. 

The rod is finished with a jagged or slotted end 
as preferred. Mention caliber zuheJi ordering. 

The Improved Front Gun Sight.— A glance at 
the illustration tells the story. It is the only sight 
which allows you to see under as well as 
over. On long ranges where you can- 
not wait to adjust the rear sight, accu- 
racy is insured by the fact that you can 
see the object aimed at under the sight 
It eliminates guess work in this 
kind of shooting to a very large ex- 
tent. 

Used in connection with our improved rear sight 
you can shoot quicker and more surely and see the 
object much more clearly than with any other 
sights. 

It's adaptable for any gun of any caliber, and is 
just as valuable on the big bores as the little ones. 
Made ,'g, g^ or >^-inch beads, as preferred, with 
choice of ivory, German silver, gold, alloy or alu- 
minum. 

Point Blank — Distance which rifle will shoot 
over level sight without allowing for drop or rise 
of bullet. Natural poim blank corresponds to na- 
tural line of sight. 

470 




Improved 

Front Gun 

Sight. 



A Sngfgestion as to How to Btilld a Boat.— If 
such wood is unavailable, construct a rait and push 
pole from cut wood, lashed with the pack ropes, 
secured by cross pieces. 




A sharp axe and knife, green vines will serve as 
ropes, or thongs cut from a green skin, are all the 
tools necessary. In a few hours a most service- 
able raft can be thus improvised for a a party of 
several sportsmen, and propelled by long slim 
push poles. 

If You Ever go a Pishingf— Don't forget to se- 
cure a copy of the Complete Fisherman's Manual 
or How to Catch Fish. 150 pages and nearly 300 
illustrations. Send for one now. 

If You Ever Go Caxnpingf. — The Camper's 
Manual is the one you want. Splendid presents 
are the three books. Over 400 pages, nearly i,oco 
illustrations in all. You miss a treat if you have 
not got them. 

Our Manufacturing Plant— Covers a space of 
over 50 acres, exclusively devoted to the manufac- 
turing and producing of camp equipment, hunting 
and fishing products, of every conceivable and re- 
liable description. We can make anything spec- 
ial to order that can be made of wood,jnetal or 
canvas, that's in our line; and have supplied to the 
military forces of the U. S. alone, 20,000 10 25,000 
Army Field Ranges and Cookmg Outfits for the 
use of volunteer and regular troops in camps or 
field. Manufacturing eight distinct styles of camp 
stoves alone, sizes from 100 men each to 2 persons 
each. 

To Corn or Salt Meats — For keeping 2; gallons 
of water, 4 pounds salt, i>^ pounds brown sugar, 2 
ounces saltpetere, Yz ounce saleratus; cut meat to 
chunks about 6 pounds, immerse 8 to 10 days and 
its corned ready for use or keeping. 



Hits Around the Bull's Eye 

To Carry a Gun.— The safest way is on either 
shoulder, muzzle up. When hunting and when 
game is apt to be "flushed" any time, in the hollow 
of the left arm ; never carry it muzzle toward a com- 
panion or dog; better under the arm so as ihe 
muzzle will point to the ground a few feet ahead 
of you, so as to -rest your hands. 

Learning- to Aim.— Tie a sheet of paper to a 
long string and secure it where a strong wind will 
swish it in motion, and practice sighting at the 
moving paper; its better than aiming at a still ob- 
ject. Don't snap the hammer uselessly. 

To Clean a Toul Gun or Leaded Barrels— Pour 
in a little quicksilver, shaking it about; the quick- 
silver and lead will form an "amalagam" and clean 
the barrels thoroughly. Never clean leaded bar- 
rels with emery cloth. 

Use Tresh Beef Tallow — As a rust preventa 
tive. If through with your gun for the season, in- 
sert in the barrels a "nick plug", or fill barrels with 
pure tallow or fresh beef fat. 

To Learn Distances— Practice estimating dis- 
tances as you go along from one object to another, 
counting your steps or paces; if your regular step 
for instance is 24 inches, 100 steps is 200 feet; prac- 
tice this, estimating as you walk along, selecting 
objects say 200 to 300 yards distant; when the time 
comes for you to estimate distance quickly, fuch 
practice as this will enable you to come pretty close 
to being right. This is the military method of 
practice in estimating distances. Measure your 
regular pace and use same as a guide. 

Tight Wads— Over shot or dividing the shot 
with several wads, makes a load scatter. 

Oil for Guns, Rifles, Etc.— Sperm oil or fat of 
^Grouse is excellent. 

Pointers to Shooters Who Use 
Nitro Powders. 

Regular Loads of Standard Nitro Powders- 
do not produce a greater strain than similar loads 
of good black powder, and while they will give a 




greater force than cheap black powders, they have 
less bursting strain than the fine grain high grades 
of black powder. By observing the following 
rules you will have no trouble or accidents. 

Don't Vary — From the directions and loads on 
the powder can when loading Nitro powder. Don't 
accidentally put two loads in the same shell. Do 
not use rags or tow for wadding. Don't put more 
than one cardboard wad over the powder, but fill 
ujD with Black Edge or other felt wads. Use one 
thin wad over the shot. Don't crimp the shell 
more'than a quarter of an inch. If your shell is 
not full add soft wads over the powder. Don't 
ram the powder hard. Always look through the 
barrels before loading to see that there is nothing 
in them. Don't ram the wad edgeways into the 
powder. Don't load shotgun powder in rifle cart- 
ridges. Don't put the muzzle in water, especially 
in very cold weather, when a coating of ice may 
form inside the barrel. Don't shoot buckshot in a 
choke bored gun. Don't rest the muzzle in snow, 
mud or ground. Don't carry your shells in the 
same pocket with small coins. 

Follow Tliese Instructions— And you will nev- 
er have a bursted gun barrel, When loading shells 
try to get into the habit of putting a wad over the 
shell after you put in the powder. This will re- 
mind you which shell already has powder, and you 
will not accidentally get two charges in the same 
shell. 

A Loose Wad^-Over the shot has been known 
to bulge a barrel. All guns as a rule are tested 
by the makers. Gun barrels usually burst at the 
breech or chamber when caused by an overload of 
Nitro powder, and at or near the muzzle when 
caused by some obstruction inside the barrel. We 
have never heard of a gun barrel bursting from 
black powder unless there was some obstruction 
inside the barrel, such as mud, snow, sand, leaves, 
a wad, a cleaning rag or the muzzle being held in 
water. We advise every shooter to always look 
through the barrels before "loading. If you burst a 
gun barrel don't blame the maker of the gun, but 
stop and/trace the cause, and you will probably 
find you can trace it to one of the foregoing rules. 

473* 



f 



Leading inside of the barrel is sometimes caused 
by using chilled shot with black powder or soft or 
chilled shot. To shooters who have guns bored 
for black powder and wish to use Nitro powder in 
them, we advise using a wad one size larger than- 
they use for black powder. 

Always Use Soft Shot— With black powder, 
chilled shot with Nitro powder; in any gun chilled 
shot with black powder will lead a barrel quicker 
than soft shot. 

Soft Shot With Nitro Powder— Has a greater 
tendency to bunch in and lead the barrel than 
chilled shot. 

To Restore Color to Sights, Etc.— Even small 
parts of a gun or rifle can be colored by holding in 
a gas flame until the color appears, then dipped in 
cold water. 

Stain or Coloring for Barrels, Etc. — i oz, 
muriate tincture of steel, i oz. spirits of wine, % 
oz. muriate of mercury, % oz nitric acid, yi oz. 
blue stone, i quart water; allow to stand for sev- 
eral weeks or more to amalgamate. . Clean well 
and remove grease, oil, etc. with lime and water. 
Lay on the liquid with a sponge every few hours, 
until a sort of rust appears then rub it off with a 
wire scratch brush; continue the treatment until 
the color suits you, then wash well in boiling water 
and rub the barrels well until nearly cool, (an ex- 
cellent brown color.) 

Use to Polish the Stocks— Of rifles or guns, 
simply raw linseed oil (not boiled) rubbed well in, 
then polished. 

The Life of a Rifle BarreL— The rifling in a 
barrel lasts for about 2,000 to 3,000 rounds. 

Saving* Shells for Reloading*. — Keep them 
clean and dry, wash well in hot soapsuds and wat- 
er, wrinse in very hot water, and be sure to drain 
and dry well; the heat of the hot water will dry 
them if drained well. Never reload a shell that 
has corroded parts. 

Don't Use — Reloaded rifle ammunition for hunt- 
ing; its often unreliable. Select the v^ry newest 
and best, unless you reload yourself. 

474 





^ssa 



Never Start Out on a Hunting Trip— Without 

chambering your cartridges that go in your belt, 
thus avoiding misfits. Use poor shells for killing 
wounded game. 

Use the Cartridgfes— From the rear of your cart- 
ridge belt, keeping the nearest ones handy for an 
emergency. 

In a Tight Place— Keep a cartridge or two in 
your left hand, ready for quick action, and keep 
your magazine full. 

Smokeless Powders— Are divided in two class- 
es low and high pressure. The first named bemg 
mostly used m old black powder cartridges, the 
latter for cartridges of the military type. 

The 30-40 U. S. A. Cartridge has a breech 
pressure of 40,000 lbs. to the square inch, the 236 
Navy nearly 50,000 lljs. 

In Using Smokeless Powder— Use very clean 
shells, always prime with Nitro primers; never 
compress Nitro powders. 

Never Use Shot Gun Powder— In rifle cart- 
ridges, or high pressure powder in low pressure 
cartridges. 

Por Shooting Buckshot— Have your barrel 
cylinder bore. 

In Using Hollow Point Bullets— Fill the hole 
or hollow with wax, tallow or soap. 

Por Long Distance Shooting— Don't use ex- 
press or hollow point bullets* 

Por Pine Target Shooting— Use patched bul- 
lets. 

A U. S. Army— Military screw driver is the 
ideal field pocket or belt screw driver, price 25c. 

How to Pind Out the Twist of Rifling.— Lub- 
ricate the inside of the barrel well. Take a bul- 
let that is large enough to fit snugly so as to get a 
full impression of the rifling. Force is through the 
barrel carefully. Get a piece of straight wire sma- 
ller than the bore of the rifle; drill a hole in the bul- 
let and fasten one end of the wire to it; shove the 
bullet with the wire fastened to it from the muzzle 
to the commencement of the rifling at the chamber. 



475 




Fasten the barrel in a vice or otherwise; make a 
chalk mark on the breech and muzzle of the barrel, 
also one on the wire in alignment with those on the 
barrel. Make a mark on the wire even with the 
muzzle, and force the bullet toward the muzzle, and 
when the chalk «nark on the wire has turned com- 
pletely around, and is again in a line with those on 
the barrel, measure the number of inches the mark 
on the wire has traveled from the muzzle of the 
barrel, and you will find what you are looking for. 
The rifling of a barrel is from two to five-thou- 
sandths of an mch deep. 

Por Game Shooting. —Always use soft point 
bullets. 

In Cold or Winter Weather.— Guns or rifles 
should be wiped dry of oil and not brought or put 
in a warm place; but left until through using out- 
of-doors or somewhere in a cold and sale con- 
venient place. 

Never Reload — Smokeless powder catridges, 
never compress smokeless powderj it's dangerous. 

Never Jerk— The trigger of a rifle or gun when 
firing; a steady pull with the gun held firmly to 
the shoulder is correct. Study and observe the 
faults and points of each shot. 

Killing Range of Revolvers.— A good revolver 
will kill at 50 to 100 yards. 

Crook of Stock.— Generally a tall person or one 
with long arms needs a gun with a long and crook- 
ed stock, and vice versa. A too straight stock 
makes a gun shoot high; a too crooked stock makes 
it shoot low. 

Length of Barrels.— The shorter the barrel the 
greater the range of divergence Qf the charge. 
Long barrels shoot closer than short, and will kill 
game at greater distance. For quick shooting, 
and cover shooting, 28 to 30 inches is about right 
in a i2-bore. Short barrels should be charged 
with a finer grade of powder than longer ones. 

Best Powder for Rifle Cartridges— Use Amer- 
ican Powder Co.'s Rifle Canridge, F. G. Dupont's 
Rifle F. F. G. Laflin & Rand's F. G., King's Semi- 
Smokeless F. G or C. G. 



476 



We Mount Animal Heads, Birds, Etc.— Tan or 

make into rugs all animal skins; first class service. 
Send us your hides and instructions by express 
prepaid; see our Trapper's Guide. (Market prices 
allowed for furs.) 

If Cornered by a Savage ^east— And have the 
misfortune of having your gun or rifle rendered 

useless, making a hand to fight necessary, try 

and wrap a garment, coat (anything) around your 
left hand or arm or take a stick or club in that 
hand, leaving your right hand free for your knife, 
club or revolver, and thrust the stick or club that 
is in the left hand into the mouth of the beast. All 
\^ld animals vent their spite on the objects near- 
est them; hence tamers of wild animals allow them 
to vent their spite on a staff or rod thrust into 
their face or teeth, causing the animal to vent its 
spite on the object nearest them, and which they 
think is part of yourself because it moves; even a 
cat or dog will do this, as its animal nature. So 
use the left hand to detract the animal's attention 
or rage, keeping the right free for the attack. 

At Short Ranofe.— Always aim low, the ten- 
dency is to overshoot; aim at below and behind the 
shoulder, a vital spot. 

To Avoid Spots. — To keep the barrels of your 
guns from spotting, you should clean them thor- 
oughly after each day's shooting; so clean that you 
can run a tightly fitting white cloth through without 
soiling it. Then grease the barrel thoroughly with 
vaseline, applied by a cloth fitted loosely on a 
cleaning. rod. The muzzles of the barrels should 
then be corked, so as the air can not get in. When 
putting your gun away for the winter, or for any 
considerable time, it is a good plan to fill the bar- 
rels with beef or mutton tallow. When you want 
to use the gun it is only necessary to warm the 
barrels and the tallow will drop out. Another ab- 
solute preventive of rust is the wick plug. 

If Pursued by Game — Or wild animals aim to 
dodge instead of running from it. Don't turn 
your back to it, face and dodge the danger or you 
are a goner sure. All animals are more or less 
afraid of man and even a bear will run from a man 




B 



K 



unless forced to stand his ground. They will 
rarely provoke a fight and will Y\in from even a 
barking dog; when wounded or forced to fi^ht, 
only a most fatal wound is effective. The writer 
has personally seen on my Arctic voyages a Polar 
Bear shot with 45-calibre bullets in eleven differ- 
ent parts of his body and still keep on fighting 
desperately and I am informed by the best of 
authorities that it is by no means an unfrequent 
affair. Tenacity of life is surprisingly evident in 
all large and savage animals, so act accordingly. 
Don't think because they fall that you are sure of 
them. The shock stuns them, but they soon re- 
cover, so never approach them except with 
extreme cautiousness fully prepared for a sudden 
and most furious attack. Don't be over confident. 

How Does Your Gun Shoot Sighting. —Don't 

forget that rifles often need sighting, especially 
new ones. Rifles correctly sighted by or for one 
person (even an expert at the factory) may need 
resighting for its owner or other person, for there 
is a vast diffence due not only to the eye but to the 
manner of taking sight, whether fine or coarse, 
hence the owner of a rifle must sight it to his own 
eyes, don't ask anyone else to do this for you, un- 
kss he is going to do the shooting for you It is 
generally advisable to sight a rifle at the shortest 
range for which it may be used, for it is then an 
easy matter to adjust it for longer ranges by sim- 
ply elevating the rear sight. To test or sight a ri- 
fle properly, never fasten it, but rest it on a bag of 
sand or earth, or similar cushion support. Never 
fasten it in a vise or anything of the kind, securing 
a steady rest for the gun and body both. Press- 
ing the butt firmly to the body and always using 
the exact cartridge you intend to use regularly for 
hunting purposes, ascertaining exactly how each 
bullet hits the object aimed at. If it shoots too 
high, lower the slide in the rear sight, if too low, 
raising it. A higher front sight causes a rifle to 
shoot lower or vice versa. In other Words the ele- 
vation of the rear sight, the lowering of the front 
sight, or the substitution of a lower front sight in- 
creases the range* The lowering of the rear sight, 
the raising of the front sight or' the substitution of 

478 



a higher front sight reduces the range. If the ri- 
fle shoots to the right move the rear barrel sight to 
the left, or vice versa. If your barrel sight needs 
changing, or by accident gets battered, or you de- 
sire to substitute another kind, drive out the sight 
from left to right and in putting in a sight drive it 
from right to left in. ■ 

A Good Investment— For the Hunter, Trap- 
per, Sportsman, Angler Or Fisherman, is a copy of 
the Game Laws of U. S. A. and Canada, especial- 
ly of the State where you go hunting or fishing. 
Frice 25 cents. Have you a copy. 

If Your Mouth is Parched or Dry— And water 
not at hand, place a small pebble or button in your 
mouth and keep it there until it draws saliva and 
relieves in a measture your thirst. A thousand 
such receipts are in our Camper's Manual. 

How to Make a Clam Bake.— Get a pile stones 
a hundred or more about one-half cobble size jlat 
as possible (any stones will do if flat ones are 
scarce) the rougher the plant the more the fun- 
gather a bountiful supply of good hard wood fire- 
wood, start a rousing bonfire, from this secure 
a deep, live bed of embers and coals (red hot) 
throwing your stones into the fire when the em- 
bers begin to form and let them get piping hot 
when this is done right you are ready for the bake! 
Next take a pile of wet seaweed, sea grass, rushes 
even wet green grass will do (but sea weed or sea 
grass is best) and over a layer of hot stones spread 
a layer of the sea weed, two or three inches deep, 
so as to make a steaming bed, then strew over it 
clams, sweet potatoes, green corn, etc. (if you wish 
or clams only) if corn is used leave on a single 
husk, cover it all with sea weed and more stones, 
and let the mass steam and cook for 45 minutes to 
one hour, or until the larger articles are well done. 
Watch it so as it won't burn, if too hot or dry 
souse it with water. With gree/i bark plates, twigs 
forked branches, etc. (never use plates, knives, etc. 
or you lose half the fun) go at it and help yourself, 
the more the merrier. Pepper, salt, vinegar, lem- 
ons', "constitute the finishing ingredients for a feast 
worthy of the goods — try it. 



^a« 




Anti>=Rust Ropes (Wick Piugso 

For shot guns, rifles and revolvers, will positive- 
ly prevent rust and pits. These ropes are of a 
special weave to insure fitting the barrels perfect- 
ly. Once the ropes are saturated with oil, it 
will be years before they need it again. They 
are easy to put in and take out. All air and > 
moisture is 
perfectly ex. 
eluded from 
the barrels, 
and it is im- 
possible for 
them to rust 
if the Brad- 
ley a/nH-rust ropes are used. 

Fine guns and revolvers need constant attention 
to keep them in good condition. By using these 
anti-rust ropes your fire arms can be laid aside 
for a whole season with the assurance of their be- 
ing as bright as the day they came from the maker. 

Testingf Rifles ^nd Guns— Rifles are tested up 
to 200 yards. Shot guns, 35 to 40 yards. 

Latest Models— Guns of later model does not 
imply that they are any better or that it has super- 
seded earlier models. It simply means that later 
models are designed to meet the requirements of 
different kinds of shooting, diversity of tastes^ etc. 
For instance, model 1873, there is no better rifle 
made. 

Cartridges of Like Calibre— Often contain dif- 
ferent weights of powder and lead so they might 
require a different twist. (See twist of rifle barrels) 

In Testing Rifles — Mostly the British Govern- 
ment test is used, proof as follows: The barrel is 
locked to a firing table loaded with a charge of 
powder and lead twice as great as is intended to 
put in the shell it is chambered for. This is after 
first or rough boring. If O. K. it is given the sec- 
ond, finishing boring and then subjected to the 
lead test, which discloses any irregularity in the 
barrel. This test is repeated after the final rifling. 



IK 



Weevils in Plour or Hard Bread— Can be 

killed by placing same in a very hot oven for a 
few minutes. 

For Snow Blindness— Chi^rcoal rubbed about 
the cheeks and eyes relieves and prevents^ or use 
smoked or blue or green glasses. 

To Remove Candle Grease— From clothing in 
camp take a hot spoon or iron of any kind, lay a 
piece of absorbent wrapping or blotting paper on 
the grease, press the hot iron over it and it will 
clean the candle grease, removing it as slick as a 
whistle. 

Never Use Bullets— Over 405 grains for large 
game hunting. 

Por a Hunting- Rifle— A low trajectory is of 
course desirable, but at the same time it is not de- 
sirable at the complete sacrifice ot accuracy. An 
arm which is very accurate and with which the 
shooter can place his shoots for perfect scores at 
the various ranges may not be suitable for the 
same person to use hunting, because if the shooter 
should err in estimating distance it would probab- 
ly result in missing the game, although were the 
exact range known he could undoubtedly strike 
just the spot he wished. 

A Plat Trajectory— J s valuable in a hunting 
rifle, as it lessens the errors caused by the varia- 
tions in distances incorrectly judged, and also ob- 
viates the necessity of frequent changes of sights 
and of calculations by holding over and under at 
various ranges, especially in the case of running 
game. Consequently, in selecting an arm for 
purel)r hunting purposes, it is desirable to obtain 
one with a reasonably low flight of bullet. Such a 
rifle will give good hunting results, although the 
same amount of accuracy can not be obtained at 
the longer rknges or m shooting at known dis- 
tances as with the rifle with higher trajectory. 
This is particularly true of the old style ammuni- 
tion, where the bullet has a tendency to fall off 
badlj at longer ranges. 

Our Check Book — Is behind our guarantee, 
"Goods as represented or money refunded." 



^5^ 



481 



Why Lost Hunters Travel in a Circle. — There 
has been many attempted explanations why lost 
fjeople in the woods travel in a circle. The solu- 
tion is, the lost one has his mird fixed that he must 
travel to the left or right (as the case may be) that 
fact being uppermost in his mind he continually 
inclines that way, resulting in his traveling in 
a circle. This can be avoided by selecting some 
distant object to guide himself by, and not losing 
sight of the same object. If at night select a bright 
star, as the sailor does. See article on lost in camp 
in the Complete Camper's Manual. 

To Make "Pemmican"— That will keep. Take 
jerked or dried beef strips and pound them to a 
powder or pulp, mix with fat (warm) beef tallow, 
sugar and raisins. Put in bladders or skins and 
tie up air tight, (Used extensively by Arctic and 
other explorers and if kept air tight will last for 
years. 

A High Velocity — Is valuable because this is of 
great assistance in shooting at moving game. It 
is apparent that using a rifle, shooting a cartridge 
with high velocity, the necessity of making calcu- 
lations lor the distance the game will run. is to a 
degree reduced, and this enables the hunter to 
aim more directly on the game instead of far 
ahead. 

Penetration is Necessary — In order to give 
killing power to the bullet, enabling it to penetrate 
until it reaches a vital spot or strikes resistance 
when it can do damage. Generally^ speaking, a 
light charge of powder, ^with a comparatively 
heavy bullet, gives greater accuracy, while a heavy 
charge o J powder with a comparatively light bullet, 
gives hiigner velocity and flatter trajectory. A 
heavy bullet will give great penetration, while a 
bullet of lighter weight with a heav)r powder 
charge is more apt to spr^^ad. In seeking after 
flat trajectory and high velocity with the old black 
powder cartridges, some combinations wei^e de- 
vised which secured these two objects, but accu- 
racy was sadly wanting, as some of these cartridges 
could not make a group of ten successive shots at 
200 yards in a circle of much less than 20 inches 
diameter. This was carrying the search to ex- 

482 



J 



tremes. A rifle can hardly be considered very 
valuable for hunting purposes, except for some' 
special styles of hunting, unless it can group its 
shots under reasonably favorable conditions in at 
least a 12-inch circle at 200 yards. For a hunting 
rifle, what we need is \ht power, so as to give the 
velocity, and consequently energy. Ihen we 
must seek a bullet to utilize this energy. There 
are two types of these bullets. One used to some 
extent by foreign sportsmen has a full nietal-case, 
with the jacket split on the side so that it collapses 
on impact. The one most in vogue now is a 
metal-patched bullet, with soft lead point, which 
mushrooms on impact, and in this way has ex- 
actly the same effect on animal tissue as the large 
calibre bullets, together wtth the advantage of a 
higher velocity. 

One Pound of Powder Will Load 

1166 Cartridj 

538 ;; 

350 

233 

175 

140 

107 

still Hunting for Deer.— The best time for 
still-hunting is in running time, in the months of 
October and November, after the does are with 
fawn and are running and hiding from the bucks. 
When you see a doe running through the woods, 
go and take your position in shooting distance of 
where she passed, and keep a sharp lookout the 
way she came, and often, in a very few minutes, 
you will see a buck coming, tracking her. Let him 
come up near enough for you to get a fair shot, 
bleat or whistle at him and he will slop. If you 
are a marksman, then you will have venison. Still- 
hunting in the months of October and November 
is the most successful way of hunting. Sportsmen 
that are good rifle shots are the most successful 
still-hunting. Shotgilns will do for driving, but 
rifles are the best to use in still-hunting. 

Positions at DiiFerent Ranges.— At 200 yards, 
stand up; at 300 yards, kneel or sit down; at all 
other ranges, sit or lay down, supporting the rifle 
by your elbows, or a bank, twig, etc, 

^^r^^ 483 



ith 6 Grains 


100 


Cartridges 


\v 


th 70 Grains 


" 13 


93 








' 75 " 


" 20 " 


85 








' 8? 


" 30- !! 


82 








' 8, - 


" 4cr " 


77 








' ^° !! 


"1? :: 


yZ 








' 99 " 


80 








' 200 




Read the Oame Laws — Of the United States 
and Canada, and observe them, lest you borrow 
trouble. Price 25 cents. \ 

Deer and Moonlight.— Where deer are com- 
paratively undisturbed they feed nearly as much 
in the day as in the night, when the moon is up. 
If the moon has shone all night they will lie quiet 
all the next day. When the moon has been up all 
day they will lie quiet all night. During the last 
quarter of the moon, when the moon has been 
down nearly all day, they become very hungry and 
feed, nearly all night, so that is the best time to 
fire hunt. If you wish to still-hunt, go when the 
moon rises or is yet up, whether forenoon or after- 
noon. If you hunt with dogs go at other times, as 
they will be sluggish and won't run far ahead of 
the hounds. The best time to fire-hunt is a dark, 
cloudy night when the moon is up. 

Don't Porget to Read Our Other Books— The 

Complete Camper's Manual or How to Camp Out 
and What to Do, and the Complete Fisherman's 
and Angler's Manual; something for the oldest 
hands to learn. Send for copies at once. Largest 
circulation of any books published of their kind. 
Don't miss them. 

I Advise the Use— Of scarlet sweaters for deer 
hunting. I have them. 

Use a Water Canteen— As a hot water bottle on 
cold nights, it equals an extra blanket and will 
keep you warm all night. 

Pull of Twiggers.— Test them for 4 to 4^ lbs. 
for running game; on rifles about 2 lbs. 

Metal for Bullets. — Lead 20 parts, block tin i 
part, for hard bullets; i part tin, 30 of lead for av- 
erage bullets. Have metal and mould both very 
hot. 

A Barrel. Head — Makes an excellent moving 
target for a rifle when bowled like a hoop some 
distance away 

Chalk Your Sight— When hunting at night, 
smoke it if bright during a sunny day. 

484 ^ 




&tf% 



Don't (put oil with action parts) of a gun or rifle 
in cold or freezing weather. If you do the action 
will stiffen or freeze. Better wipe them dry and 
clean using no oil whatsoever. 

Frosty guns or rifles after use on a freezing day 
are better left in a cold but safe place. Do not 
place them near a stove. 

Use a Wick Plug — For your rifles or shot guns. 
It saves cleaning, prevents rust and pitting. 

A Savage 303 rifle, 22-inch barrel is splendid for 
medium or large game. 

High Winds and Dry Leaves— Make poor 
hunting. Light, steady winds after rain is ideal 
hunting weather. 

An All Round Rifle — Is a hard thmg to select. 
A 32-40 Winchester repeater is excellent, especial- 
ly if express bullets are used for big game hunt- 
ing or the Winchester repeater Model 1873. A 40 
or 45 calibre Rifle is.excellent also. 

Before Starting Out on a Hunting* Trip — 

Test every cartridge you take along by placing 
them in the chamber of your gun and closing the 
action. When a shell sticks discard it and thus 
be sure of your ammunition that it won't jam. 

Holding the Gun— The weapon should be firm- 
ly grasped and held to the shoulder; left hand at 
least 8 inches to the front of the trigger guard. 

To Pind Water.— If on a plain, select a point 
that seems below the general level and dig espec- 
ially where the most growth of vegetation appears. 
If in a rough country it is easier, as large hills 
store up water which can usually be dug for at 
their lowest base. 

A Horse — Will drink sparingly of impure water 
or refuse it. A dog will drink any water no matter 
how impure. If water smells or tastes bad go 
without it, unless well boiled first. Prickly pears 
or bruised cactus leaves will clarify water. It is 
unwise to drink when overheated. A pebble in 
the mouth relieves thirst. 

Hot Coffee— Is a stimulant far more beneficial be- 
fore hard work, than the same quantity of whiskey. 



Por Sharpeningf— Camp and hunter's knives, 
axes, etc., use our vest pocket double "spit" 
stone. Its a little wonder. Fits in pocket or car- 
ried in camp ditty bag. Price 50 cents, and it is 
right; by it your cutting and chopping apparatus 
is right all the time; nothing is so aggravating as a 
dull knife or axe. 

To Dry the Inside of Wet Shoes or Boots.— 
Soldiers or cowboys heat a pint or so of corn or 
oats and put them- in over night. Small pebbles 
do as well. 

Care of Rifles. — Firearms should always be 
thoroughly cleaned and oiled before being laid 
aside, thus keeping the action and barrel in con- 
dition. After the day's shooting is done, clean out 
the barrel bright, th n an oiled rag passed well in- 
side and the outside metal parts to prevent rust- 
ing; before using it should be simply wiped off; oc- 
casionally the action should be cleaned and slight- 
ly oiled, using very good sperm or gun oil; a small 
cork with a string to it placed in the muzzle will, 
often keep dust from entering. Never shoot a ri- 
fle or gun that has^any obstruction, dirt, piece of 
cloth, greased rag, etc. in the barrel, for when fired 
the compression of the air at the point of obstruc- 
tion will cause the barrel to swell, imparing the 
accuracy or perhaps rendering it useless forever 
after. 

Don't Wait Until the Last Moment — To order 
goods that are badly needed. Freight, express, 
even mail sometimes miscarry. Place your orders 
in advance as much as possible, then if there is an 
error, it can be made right without inconvenience 
all round. 

Good Ply Paper for a Tent— Smear common 
paper with molasses, if too thin add a little sugar 
and heat it until thick enough. 

Always Read Up — On the Game' Laws of the 
U. S. and Canada, and especially of the State 
where you hunt or trap in, and avoid borrowing 
trouble. Price 25 cents postpaid. 

A Handkerchief— Left in or tied to the carcass 
of fresh killed game will keep flesh-eating animals 
away as they scent man. 



486 



^^ses 



If You Load Your Own Cartridges — Or own a 

gun, don't fail to send for the "Ideal Hand Book" 
of useful information to shooters address sending 
Postage, Ideal Mfg. Co., New Haven, Conn., to 
whom credit is due for some of the facts quoted 
herein, it is an invaluable, accurate volume of 
sterling worth. 

Deer and Salt Licks— When you find a salt 
lick, use at night a reflector light to attract the 

fame. (Read article on Deer huriting "Jacking.") 
'or trapping Deer use No. 4 Newhouse trap. See 
also Moose hunting. 

Say You Are Interested— In "fish and fishing" 
outfits how to use them td catch fish, send for our 
book, "The Complete Fisherman and Angler's 
Manual, or How to Catch Fish." (See title page.) 
If you ever "camp out," want to know all about 
clothing, food, cooking, tents and stoves, send for 
"Complete Campers Manual or How to Camp Out 
and What to Do." It's money and time well spent. 
Each book has 136 pages, over 200 illustrations. 

Don't Porget — That these series of books have 
been read, studied and used by over one hundred 
thousand sportsmen, hunters and trappers all over 
the civilized world, for we have even sent them lo 
the interior of Africa and Russia. 

Never Go Hunting in the Woods— Without a 
broken shell extractor, a waterproof safety match 
box and a reliable pocket compass. These are 
three essentials for any distant trip. 

Don't Use Imported Guns— Be American. (No 
better gjuns made.) Put the difference in cost in 
ammunition arid learn to be a good shot. 

A Splendid Rifle- One I recommend for large 
game. A 99 model 303 Savage rifle and Sidle tel- 
escope. "It's all right." 

Tor High Power Rifles— Don't fail to provide 
2i good recoil pad'. It's a thing that insures com- 
fort, accuracy, confidence. 

Best Sights for Rifles— Select those of the Ly- 
man grade. If using a shot gun use the detach- 
lable shot gun sight (illustrated elsewhere.) 

Winchester Rifles — Are all the same quality, 
material difference in "prices vary on account of 
exterior finish only. All parts are interchange- 
able, so you can easily obtam or replace any part 
without difficulty. 

487 



m 



Outfit Por a Tramp Trip.— A pack sack with 
straps; i adjustable handle frying pan; i heavy 
army quart cup, placed in stout coffee pot; ,i fo'd- 
ing axe; I hunting knife; i compass; i waterproof 
matchbox (filled); chunk of bacon; bag of ground 
coffee mixed with sugar; small sack Corn meal and 
fiour mixed; a few ounces of tea, salt, pepper; lit- 
tle baking powder (in waterproof bags); blanket 
and poncho (rubber) blanket; rifle and ammunition 
and a fairly full stomach before you start, and a 
lunch in your pocket; weight about 30 lbs., pack 
about 24 inches by 18, and you can tramp from 
New England to Missouri, Don[t forget the book.' 

Bake Oven for the Woods.— In a bank of earth 
dig a fair sized hole, at its farthest base dig a vent 
or smoke hole, have the roof of the hole arch shape 
and, its base flat; sprinkle a little water inside to 
mud up and plaster the interior. The whole thing 
need not be over 18 inches square- Start a small 
fire inside then'^fiU it up with shor^ chunkv pieces 
of good woo 1 and let them burn 'to an ash r draw 
out these ashes, and set in your.pan or plat6 of 
buscuits or small game, to roast or. cook; cover up 
the hole when you draw your ashes, and you have 
a practical oven. You can judge when the 'inter- 
ior of the oven is right (hot enough) for the food, 
by the amount of fuel you burn, and the heat by 
placing your hand in and testing it like the women 
folks do over at home. Plug up the chimney after 
the fire is drawn to prevent the loss of heat. Work 
with your side to the wind about fires. 

Choose Shoes That Fit— Easily, as dew, moist 
grass, etc. shrinks and hardens them. Keep them 
well greased with tallow or fresh meat,lat; it soft- 
ens and Tielps tuiii water off. 

Chire for "Wountain Pever"— Wild sage brush 
made^into a strong hot tea. 

Purify Alkali Waier-H3y using a small lump 
xA crystal ized Acetic Acid. 

JBest Hunting "Hounds— Are three-quarter Fox 
hound and one-quarter Stag hbund. 

An Excellent Rifle for Iiar^e Game— I recom- 
mend a. 'q9 model 303 Savage rifle. 





r 



How to Cross a Swift Dangerous Stream — 

There are four ways to cross a dangerous river or 
stream. Pack or Weight fording — Pole ford- 
ing — Rope or raft fording — Animals must swim 
— the outfit (Duffle) won't spoil by a wetting 
— the chief point is to get the grub rations 
across and keep it dry. (This must be done.) 

Pack Fording — Suppose the stream is 30 yards 
wide and you find a place where it is sAvift but 
not over waist deep; here your grub will help 
for an 80-pound pack will hold you to the bot- 
tom, when without it you would be swept away. 
This fact is well known, and rocks or gravel 
from the bank will be useful if your pack is too 
^^ght to hold you down. In this fording your 
pack xnust be well up on your shoulders and ready 
to drop quickly, for if you fall down with a 
tightly tied or strapped pack, you will not come 
up until you have lost interest in the undertak- 
ing. Frequently one can find an easy ford, but 
on occasions there will be no good crossing for 
several miles. 

Pole-Fording — If there are three or four in the 
party decide on the best ford, usually the widest 
stretch. Cut a slender pole between eight and 
twelve feet long, and at least three inches in 
diameter at the small end. You can find bal- 
sams or alders on almost any glacier stream 
except in high altitudes, where fording is usually 
easy, and the streams are small. It is good to 
undress as then there will be less resistance to 
the water, and you keep your clothes dry, but 
keep on your footgear, or the round glacial 
stones will grind your ankles. When all is 
ready, stand in line and grasp the pole. The 
lightest man (A) should be on the up stream and 



the heaviest man (B) on the down stream end 
of the pole. A's pack and clothes should be dis- 
tributed between the others, as they need weight! 
and A will be under water occasionally. Now 
all start across in line, working down stream 
always keeping the pole parallel with the cur- 
rent. As the water deepens A may be swept 
from his feet, but he must hold on to the pole 
for he is making an eddy for the others to walk 
in. If possible, always pass below rocks, the 
water is deeper there but less swift than on the 
up-stream side. 

But in all fords remember that it is the fool 
who never turns back. If the water feels too 
strong, return while you can, for a glacier stream 
has no mercy. 

If in a timbered Section with the outfit of 
tools, previously mentioned, raft building is an 
easy solution of the Problem. 



=^ 



The "Buzzacott" Field Construction Kit. 



^ -=5« 





A Folding Bucket and Wash Basin. 

An excellent and really essential article which 
promotes cleanliness in camps and affords ex- 
treme portability ;it is undoubtedly the best of 
its kind, substantially and serviceably made and 
of 3 gallon capacity 

The Bucket is full size, absolutely waterproof 
and extremely durable; the Wash Basin is 
separate, but so constructed as to fit snugly 
on top of the water bucket when in use, serving 
thus an excellent washstand outfit complete, as 
shown in illustration. When folded together 
they can almost be carried in your pocket. The 
metal parts are rust proof spring steel, the canvas 
heavy brown waterproof duck. :md are un- 
doubtedly the best things of its kind ever pro- 
duced: if desired, funnel and strainer can be 
furnished. 



S 





'Kinks" in Camp Furniture Making 
(in the woods.) 



The "Bed Tick" Camp Mattress. 




Larger Size for Two Persons. 



493 



"Simple Articles" made right in Camp with aid ' 

of a few tools. 



'ZC7/~^^7?C:z:r^ 



J 



f 



THE MOST POWERFUL FIELD GLASS FOR 
SPORTSMEN. 

Approved by the A. & C. S. ct. 
(Binocular Telescopes.) 

In civil life our knowledge of Field Glasses, 
Telescopes, etc., is mostly limited to informa- 
tion gained from the use of the small opera glass 
and the seeing the yard long telescopes displayed 
in the windows of prominent opticians in our 
cities, or the binocular field glass (signal glass) 
nearly a foot long carried by the sight seeing 
tourist, race track, seaside patrons, or old time 
sportsmen. 

Occasionally, however, we see what appears 
to be a little opera glass, used on these same 
occasions, and wonder what can be seen by such 
a ridiculously small glass, under the circum- 
stances. We would be astonished, however, 
to see that the little seeming opera glass is far 
more powerful than both the foot long field 
glass and the yard long telescope put together, 
and we, in handling such a small affair, gasp for 
breath when we hear it cost nearly $40, for 
it bears the same relation to other field glasses 
as that of a dollar watch to a $40 chronome- 
ter. Each, true, has its place in the world, 
but the place of the Warner & Swasy Prism 
Binocular Field Glass is strapped to the belt of 
every sportsman who takes to the woods for 
pleasure or profit. It 'is without doubt the most 
powerful telescope or field glass in the world 
of its size and almost every government of the 
world has laid aside its old style glass and adopted 
the one we illustrate on preceding page. Ameri- 
ca, England, France, Germany, Russia, Japan 
and China use the American Prism Glass as 
illustrated herewith. 

Its value to the hunter or sportsman is evi- 
dent and I know of no one other thing so im- 
portant in an outfit as one of these small yet 
powerful glasses. To go big game hunting with- 
out one is to be sorely handicapped indeed. I 
can only liken it to going blind. An occasional 
five minutes use of a powerful telescope such as 
thi§ is equivalent to a 5 mile tramp, and I par- 



494 



^^^?^:^'S^^^^ 




ticularly invite the attention of my readers to 
the chapter (going hunting) elsewhere in the 
volume. Many and many a time has the author 
personally turned failure into success by its 
employment or use, not only this, but I have 
loaned it to other sportsmen who had repeated- 
edly failed to locate game and it has brought 
them success. Nowadays it is a most difficult 
matter to locate game in the woods, the animals 
themselves take on the colorings of their envi- 
ronments or surroundings and it is almost im- 
possible for the human eye unaided to distinguish 
or perceive them. Time and time again I could 
have sworn yonder object was alive and the glass 
has proven it to be a tree stump, or dead branch. 
Time and time again has it proved to me that 
it was alive when I could have sworn it was the 
reverse. I would no more think of going big 
game hunting without this glass strapped to my 
belt, than I would of leaving my cartridge belt 
behind, its weight complete is but 12 ounces 
and No. 8 power. I consider the best for 
general use, its magnifying power corresponds 
to its No. 8 times. It is made by the manufac- 
turers of the great Lick and Yerkes telescopes, 
the gun sight, range , finders, sextents, etc' 
used so extensively by the army and navy 
government of the world. In the mountains, 
woods, or on the plains, it will pay for itself 
in moccasin leather saving alone, and by its 
aid you will find game that you will never see 
or get without it, ask me what are the most in- 
portant accessories to the successful big game 
hunter's kit and I will swear by a good field glass, 
compass, rifle, and the waterproof safety match 
box, even to dispensing with the experienced 
guide every time. 




f- 



K 



The "Buzzacott" Army Field Bakers Oven. 

The following is another of the author's in- 
vention for military purposes, designed for the 
baking of bread for troops in the field. When 
not used for this purpose it can be used for the 
preparation of foods, which when cooked, or 
partly so, is placed in the ''Murray system of 
ration cartridges. A device ingenioi::?.ly ar- 
ranged whereby the food contiunes cooking by 
^ts c wn heat and prevents it from cooling. 

To illustrate this method we refer to the 
illustration which shows a metal square canister, 
the interior of which is trebly lined with heat 
absorbing and retaining material having in its 
center an inclosed space (circular} into which 
is slid the "Ration Can'* which contains food of 
any kind brought to the boiling point only 
(when first put in) , by its own heat when covered 
and screw tops in position, the cooking goes on 
hy tts own heat for 12 to 24 hours, the result is 
always cooked hot ration:, ready for immediate 
issue for an advance of actual needs. These food 
cartridges are of several gallons capacity and 
is issued to troops on the firing line, or where the 
preparation of food would be impossible on 
campaign service. 

Numerous tests have been made and reports 
indicate unusual success. The Baker's oven 
has a capacity of 1,000 loaves per day, and can 
be used either on the ground or in the wagon, il- 
lustrated, where is also transported the canvas 
tent shown; used as shelter by the operators 
where desired, a feature being that the wagon 
poles are used as the tent poles for the information 
of the reader is shown a sectional view of the 
oven with movable shelf, and its fire box and 
oven ends. 




Going Camping 



When is your vacation? How, will you spend it? 
Do you ever stop to think what a real vacation is? 
The short space of time you have eagerly looked 
forward to is here, or nearly so — how will you 
spend it? Are your plans laid for a real enjoyable, 
health-giving trip somewhere? You have been 
chained down to business, the hum drum life of a 
restless city, and ceaseless pursuit of the almighty 
dollar has made your nerves unstrung; you are at 
times fretful and cross, and despite your business 
success you feel tired in mind and body; Nature 
itself seems to tell you to go off and rest somewhere. 

Wake up man, go to the woods and forest as did 
your forefathers before ye, where the pure air lad- 
en with the health-giving properties of the woods 
can brace you, where the air and water is pure, 
where the sweet grass and wild flowers or leaves 
fill the very atmosphere with that which your sys- 
tem and sight most craves — a positive and natur- 
al change. There where apart from a city's 
ceaseless din and clatter, restful quiet awaits you, 
there the pure spring water ripples and flows un- 
polluted by your cities tainted atmosphere and 
man. Less than fifty miles perhaps from your 
very desk or bench are the woods and fields, with 
its cooling shade arid v^aters, green carpeted hills 
or valleys, and a clear blue sky. 

No costly preparation is necessary, the simple 
outfit made plain by these pages, you already have, 
or can secure; things that would not do for your 
vacation at. home, suffice your every v^^ant here. 
Gladly too, ^\\\ your chums accompany you. No 
elaborate outfit is required, a few hours or days 
simple selection, preparation, this Manual, and 
you are ready— off on a trip such as you never took 
before perhaps. A few hours pleasant ride trans- 
ports you and your outfit, there you are — woods, 
waters, trees, privacy are there, and all you ask. 
Here "truly can you begin and breathe life anew. 
And lo, what a change, and yet the cities distance 
away can be measured by that smoky sky in the 
distance. Here a cloudless and almost blue sky, 
green carpeted hills and fields lie before you, 

501 



I 



s 



while the very rustle of the leaves and the chirp 
of the wild birds seem to bid you welcome. 

Unconsciously you inhale the arorfia of those 
woods and fields; yonder the lake's cooling waters 
tempt you to a splash therein anyhow; your pulse 
beats and your heart throbs quicker, for^ boyhood 
days seem before you— you are free again. Look 
about more, yonder the shade of a mighty tree 
with its far spreading, shading branches invites 
you to its cooling shad-e; There is an ideal spot 
for your camp, fuel for your fire and light; the rip- 
ple of a stream near by tells you water is there in 
plenty— there is where your camp should be. . A 
tew minutes task and your outfit is unpacked, un- 
rolled, while yourself and Dick arrange the tent 
with comfort and c^re. Hand the utensil kit to 
Tom,- and the thud of the axe in Jack's hands pro- 
claims that he too, is bent on doing something un- 
asked for; and as the last peg to your tent is driv- 
en home, the bright glare of a camp fire shows 
that Jack has not been idle. 

How clean and inviting looks that tent, how soft 
comfort-giving that canvas floor cloth, how heat' in 
its entirety it all appears, for the Manual, tells you 
and shows you how to make things so; and ere 
your interest wanes, the appetizing aroma of good 
coffee greets your nostrils, and soon the cheery 
voice of Tom proclaims that your first supper in 
camp awaits you. 

And what an appetite— the broiled steak or ba- 
con, the hot buscuit aod steaming potatoes, so 
plainly cooked and served, tastes to you as it nev- 
er tast§.d before, for a "camp appetite" is upon 
you, and this alone is a relish for such dishes, that 
money can't buy. Pass your plate for more if you 
will, but wait you must, for other appetites have 
increased prodigiously too, (hence our ample list) 
I while Tom stands amazed, aye complimented; and 
when ye have satisfied your hunger, fill ye the good 
old pipe, press down the weed, and as the smoke 
curls up to meet that of the camp fire, truly do you 
feel like a boy again; while the stories told around 
that fire seem doubly interesting for its rudjdy, 
cheerful glow. Your laugh echoes through the 
woods, and your interest only wanes aS the log.fire 
that Jack built goes down. 

502 



I 



Glance at your watch and its hands betray that 
the hour of rest is upon you. Hie to the tent and 
a pleasant surprise is there for several; the simple 
camp bed is neatly spread on a soft canvas cover- 
ed yielding carpet, soft to the touch. Peer under 
the canvas if you will and the dry leaves or neatly 
laid brush is shown, and thus the secret of a good 
camp bed is made plain to all. Turn in boys and 
tell your stories until restful sleep claims one by 
one, and as the voices cease, dimmer grows the 
reflection of the camp fire, and as you reach for the 
covers of your bed, the pale moon or stars bid you 
^ restful good night. Sleep on ye wearied city 
mortals, for ye will find that one-half the sleep suf- 
fices here, unless perchance impoverished nature 
bids you rest on, for no cities noise bids you stir. 

Two such weeks of daily life such as this, fits a 
man for a year's hard work again, and when the 
time comes to break camp and start for home 
again, regretfully you do so, yet with a clearer eye, 
a lighter step, a cheerful voice and a rested mind, 
a body and spirit as of old. A pleasant trip and 
you find yourself among family and friends again; 
they comment on that ruddy face, that clearer eye, 
hardly know ye why, and yet you feel they speak 
the truth, for you feel as you never felt before. 

And now in your old haunts, things that once 
looked cheerless now seem bright; the knotty 
problems of the weeks befoi*e are solved with ease, 
your energies are as of old, truly can it be said that 
camping trip short as it were, did it all. 

Last but not least, that which you enjoyed the 
most, that which has really benefited you so great- 
ly, has actually cost you less than any vacation ev- 
er taken before. Figure it up again if you will, 
and already Tom, Jack and Dick §tand ready for 
that next trip— for you now belong to. that vasl 
army of Campers 'out. 

It is a peculiar fact that nature supplies most of 
the things essential to camping out, wood, water, 
trees, privacy; your own bed furnishes you with 
covers, your pantry the foods, and perhaps be you 
handy with rod or gun, luxuries are yours; if not 
your daily food serves you in camp, your kitchen- 
your utensils or most of them; wnJle tlie money 
you frit a way at home in a single month would 



503 



I 



supply you with an outfit of other essentials that 
would serve its purpose for many a healthy, enjoy- 
able trip camping in the time to come. 

As to the old excuse, married, family, etc. its a 
poor one. No wife could object did she but know 
or realize the abstemious effects and resultant 
benefits that accrue from such an outing, beans to 
bacon she would want to join you next time. Take 
your friends along, club together, even the chil- 
dren or the girls. Did you ever see a city bred 
child or wife that didn't revel and enjoy that day 
spent in the country fields or even a city park; the 
echo of the laugh, the romp and the pleasures of 
that simple bunch of wild flowers plucked by them 
was equalled by no bouquet your money ever pur- 
chased. The butterfly caught, or the fish revived 
in a camp bucket, will interest that child as no me- 
chanical toy ever did; and the dainty dishes pre- 
pared by yourself and the girls, over the simple 
camp fire, will be relished by an appetite that 
money or drugs can't buy. 

Eat, run, jump, yell, swim, hunt, fish if you will, 
or paddle those shoe- pinched feet in the sad- 
dy creek, and the rest and benefit you obtain 
will make you feel like a boy again,4asting long 
in your memory and life. 

As to experience — a day or two, and you feel like 
a veteran. The Manual tells you everything, and 
should perchance you err, there is even pleasure in 
it, and no one but your own to criticize or condemn. 

Thousands go every year, even children with 
parties. Once a camper out, always one, shows 
proof of the resulting benefits received therefrom. 

Look at the camp cranks that number your ac- 
quaintances, or the thousands of ^ volumes written 
on it and mark my words, there is reason for it all. 
That luxurious, costly trip to the seashore does not 
exceed the benefit of that same period spent in 
camping out. It matters little where you go, your 
wants are simple and inexpensive ones; old clothes 
suffice, your plate, your cup serves you the same, 
and should you desire other things, the cost is with- 
in your reach, be you rich or poor. Ca^iH do it 
vou say— thtn do the next best thing — "Read the 
Camper's Manual," and our other books. Send 
for them now. 



504 




^■^^^^^[^'S^^^-sr 



m 




Tlie £conoini(i:a"» 

Healtl\«Giving, 

Enjoyable Vacation 

Is a trip to the Green "Woods and Valleys^ midst the 
cooling streams and shady nooks, where apart 
from the conventionalities of the so-called city 
life — one can secure that positive natural change, 
that the tired, u^orn-out system demands. (Mind 
and Eye crave a positive and natural rest and 
change.) 

Thousands of brainy people in all walks of life 
are beginning to realize that the fashionable sum- 
mer resort with its hampering rules of etiquette, 
is not the place to secure perfect rest, freedom, 
and genuine comfort. 

What the city worked individual needs is a 
positive and natural change in life and method of 
living where alone with nature's health-bracing air 
one can shake off the restraints of home and 
office and be absolutely free again; independent 
of walls and atmosphere of inside houses. 

The camps by the woods, mountains, lakeside 
or river bank only can secure to )^ou that which 
your system most craves; a change in the manners 
of living — so conducive to perfect health and rest 
that nothing else can equal, and to-day men, 
women and children are beginning to realize and 
love that few days' trip or "Outing in Camp," as 
the one spot where they can commune with all 
nature and lay aside the restrictions of a city life 
and home; and as the world grows wiser the "Army 
of Campers' out" ,4ncrease and benefit thereby. 
Very few can afford that luxurious ocean voyage 
or a trip to the sea shore, neither of which can 
compare with a trip to the woods and of a life in 
camp midst the green fields, and blue waters, 
where the odor of the forest brings pleasing, health- 
ful, restful sensations for the eye, mind and body — 
oft enjoyed by you when a boyp now almost 
forgotten, but yet so essential to you; pictured 
walls, velvet carpets, fine linen, and silver, can 
here be dispensed with and the tired mortal that 
takes a day's resting in the park and enjoys that 
can best realize what it would be did he but own 

501. 'f 



a 



and transport a simple inexpensive but complete 
camp outfit in its place; and near the woods or 
riv^erside dwell in absolute quiet and comfort, if 
only for a week, and there midst green carpeted 
hills and valleys, under a clear blue sunny sky, 
revel in nature's glories — apart from the harrassing 
cares of a busy city life, and smoky atmosphere; 
there where shoe-pinched feet can tread on nature's 
carpet or paddle in the cooling restful waters of 
its lakes or streams, where pure air fills the lungs 
and brings you back to the freedom of boyhood 
days again— run, jump, laugh, swim, hunt, just as 
you will or rest, for there no city noises bid 
you stir. 

There where privacy is conducive of comfort 
and freedom in dress or manners, where the boiled 
shirt and rigid collar or coat can be thrown 
aside and absolute comfort and rest be obtained. 
Every minute of such a life as this fits a man for 
work again. As to cost, figure it up if you will, 
elaborate if you choose, and one cannot fail to 
see that you can own a camp outfit in every 
detail for the average cost, of your daily life in 
the city houses while the positive benefits which 
accure therefrom will be evident long after the 
cost, pro rata, has been forgotten, for in these days, 
if judiciously expended, an entire camp outfit for 
3 or 4 persons complete, costs but $2.00 or $3.00 per 
person — per day; everything included; and to 
those desiring information on the subject the 
author will cheerfully mail any information desired 
on receipt of your request and if you kindly give 
me details as to the size of your party I will tell you 
exactly what you need and point out or recommend 
just where to go. As to what to do the Manual 
covers that I trust satisfactorily, as it has to thous- 
ands of others who have so freely consulted me 
before and profited thereby. I feel that you would 
not consult a plumber to repair your watch, neither 
a doctor to adjust your legal troubles. My spec- 
ialty for a quarter of a century has been camping 
and camping outfits sent to every quarter of the 
globe. If then I can be of any service to you in 
any way command me, for my services are at your 
disposal be it respecting camps and camp outfits, 
which is my particular business and life study. 

The A uthor, 
509 



^"^^^i^:^'^:^^^^-^' 



CAMPING KINKS. 

Always Camp on a site free from chances of 
overflow from sudden rains or rise of neighboring 
creeks and streams. Burn off a clear space if 
heavy growths of dry grass, brush, etc., prevails, 
do this carefully lest it get the best of you and 
a prairie or forest fire result. 

Never leave camp without putting out the 
fire ; if no water is at hand use dirt or earth and 
smother it. 

For Mid-Winter Work, a silk or worsted skull- 
cap should be carried along, and for winter work, 
in high northern latitudes, a thick knitted woolen 
cap, large enough to come well down over the 
ears and neck, is desirable; but never wear a 
fur cap for hunting, if you value your hair or 
your health. If you do, your head will get hot 
when you are walking, the perspiration will 
run down your neck, you will take off your 
cap to get relief, and will get a cold in your head 
that will last you a month. 

About Moccasins — When a man whose feet 
have been cased up in tight-fitting leather boots 
or shoes, with heavy, awkward, cumbersome 
soles, and unnatural and ungraceful heels on 
them all his life, gets out into the woods, and 
puts on a pair of moccasins for the first time, he 
feels like the school-boy who has been shut up 
within brick walls for six months with, his books, 
and is turned out on his uncle's farm for his 
summer vacation; he feels like a race-horse 
that has been stabled through a long winter, and 
in the spring is turned out in a field of green 
clover; he feels like a bird-dog that has been 
housed up in his city kennel all summer, and, in 
the cool, bright autumn days, is turned loose 
in the country among the quails or prairie 
chickens. When a man, I say, whose feet have 
been pinched and whose corns have been 
cultivated with leather boots or shoes for years, 
gets out and gets his first pair of moccasins on, 
he wants to run, leap, sing, dance, shout, whistle 
• — he wants to do anything that will give vent 
to his joyous feelings. He would shake hands 
then with his worst enemy, if he were there, and 



^ 



Sll 



Z^'^^^^T' 



slap him on the back; he would buy his wife a 
seal-skin sack; he would hug his grandmother. 

In ordering them for tender feet specify that 
double soles be provided, and see that they are 
made of elk or moose skin, the legs of which 
should extend half way to the knee, so as to 
serve as leggings as well, there is only two or 
three good makers of these things in the country, 
so look out 

To Keep Ants Away from Ration Box — Nail 
to the four corners of box small legs or wooden 
uprights. Place these uprights or legs in center 
of saucers or old tin cans, partly filled with 
water or oil; ants cannot get to the box. 

To Find the North Star — Look for the big 
dipper the two stars farthest from the handle, 
are the pointers and the Big star in line with 
them is the North star. 

Don't use old Camping Ground; rather choose 
a new location in the immediate vicinity. 
Pitch your tent so that it will be protected in 
cold weather from prevailing winds, sheltered 
by some natural shelter, rising ground, bank, 
clump of trees, bushes, etc. 

Trees Poor in Fat are more apt to be struck 
with lightning than fat trees (the same rule 
applies in strong winds as branches break.) 
Poor trees are such as poplars. Willows, Cotton- 
wood, Catalpa, Locust, etc. Fat trees are Bass, 
Birch, Butternut, Oak, Maple, Beech, Chestnut, 
etc., etc. 

Good Eating When Camping — Pick up or cut 
a bucketful of the tender leaves of dandelion 
roots, cut off all portions of the roots, keeping 
only the tender leaves. Wash them in several 
waters and strain each time so as to get them 
thoroughly cleansed. Put them in a cook pot 
and cover with boiling water and a tablespoonful 
of salt. Boil for 5 minutes, then strain them 
well; add fresh boiling water, boil for another 
5 minutes, and you have splendid greens (far 
better than spinach). A bucketful of the un- 
cooked greens will make, when boiled, a good 
meal for 4 to 6 persons (they are simpl}^ delicious), 
but must be boiled as stated in two waters, season 
before serving with pepper and salt to taste. 



512 



:S'^Si^^r^ 



If a pound of bacon cut in very small tiny dice 
like pieces is added to them when boiling it 
will make a complete meal — ^when cold they 
are elegant fried and served with fried sliced 
bacon. Always be sure to wash them thoroughly 
in plenty of water before boiling them. The 
liquor they are boiled in is good spring blood 
medicine also. 

Mosquito Dope — ^To three ounces of pine tar 
add two ounces of castor-oil, one ounce of oil 
of pennyroyal. Thi? mixture has a good body, 
an odor like that of a tan-yard, and can be relied 
on to prevent or cure the bites of any case of 
mosquitos this side of New Jersey. 

One good thorough application of it will 
usually last three or four hours, and when it 
gets so thin that the birds begin to bite through 
it, the victim must paint himself again. It 
ain't half so bad as the mosquitos, and if you 
are having plenty of fun, or think you are going 
to have plenty of it this afternoon or to-morrow, 
you soon forget all about the smell. The 
muzzles that are made of mosquito-netting, 
and intended to be worn over your head, are a 
failure. I have tried them, and I unanimously 
pronounce them a failure. 

Several times, while wearing one, I wanted to* 
spit, and forgot that I was muzzled until I had 
gotten myself in a most uncomfortable predica- 
ment. When I wanted to eat or drink I had 
to take the dingus off, and then the mosquitos 
crawled down my spine and chewed me. Finally 
while wading a trout- stream, an overhanging 
limb caught it, tore it off, and flipped it over 
into Texas. Then I took out the bottle of tar 
and painted myself, and I have indulged in 
paint ever since when bucking against mos- 
quitos or any of their relatives. My attention 
to the receipt was directed by my old friend 
Shields "Coquina" and I have sworn by it ever 
since. It will color the face slightly but will 
soon wear off and leave the skin better, healthier- " 
looking than ever. 

It is said by experts that only the female 
mosquito bites. I don't know whether this is 
true or not. never having the time to look up 



1 



^^^^^^^^^ 



the 



the sex, but I do know that the dope can be 
rehed on to both prevent and cure. 

Hang up Birds and Game — Birds by the head, 
game by the legs. 

Pick up Birds — From the water by their 
heads, shake them and they will come out of 
the water dry, to pick them tip by the wing or 
leg is to lift up water with them and make them 
soaking wet and heavy. 

A Common Dutch Oven, with cover, is one 
of the best single allround camping utensils 
made, in, it one can fry, boil, stew, broil, roast, 
or bake, never use a soldered utensil over a camp 
fire if you can help it. 

To put out Prairie Fires — If coming toward 
you and serious, fire a streak between yourself 
and the fire and place" yourself and outnt on 
the burnt portion. If a small fire in camp or 
JToout it whip or beat it out with wet canvas 
or a wet gunny sack, green branch of a tree 
shovel, convas coat, etc. 

For a Good Sanitary Rule in Camp — Read 
Deuteronomy, Chapter 23 — 10th to 13th verse, 
and follow the invaluable hint, take a Bible 
along, its a good instructor on camping. 

WHAT TO READ. 

If you are down with the blues, read the 
twenty-seventh Psalm. 

If there is a chilly sensation about the heart, 
read the third chapter of Revelation. 

If you don't know where to look for the 
month's rent, read the thirty-seventh Psalm. 

If you feel lonesome and unprotected, read the 
ninety-first Psalm. 

If you find yourself losing confidence in men, 
read the thirteenth chapter of First Corinthians. 

If the people pelt you with hard words, read 
the fifteenth chapter of John. 

If you are all out of sorts, read the twelfth 
chapter of Hebrews. 

lo Cure Acute Diarrhoea — Mix and use a 

tablespoonful of flour in a- little vinegar and 
water or vinegar alone. 



m 




n 



A WORD IN CONCLUSION. 

In this little volume (made pocket size so as 
to be carried on your trips with you) the author 
has endeavored to confine his writing to an 
array of facts of intended value and service to 
"Sportsmen" or campers out. 

It has not been my aim to amuse my readers 
by a book of entertaining stories on hunting, 
fishing, or general camping experiences, for there 
are volumes galore on such subjects ranging from 
the sublime to the ridiculous. 

In my own individual style of writing I have 
endeavored to compile a volume of facts intended 
to instruct or serve instead of amusing you. It 
is different from any other volume in existence 
and that is my only apology in inviting you 
to its attention by a word in conclusion as well 
as to the other books I have written, described 
on the following page, which cover the subject 
not mentioned herein. 

Very fraternally yours. 

The Author. 

Francis H. Buzzacott. 

1325 74th St., Chicago. 111. 




TKe Bud 

of tKe Trip 



T^SS'^S?^ 



^= 



Synopsis of Contents of Book 



**Camping ^nd Camping Outfits, 
Etc/' 

Contents. 

Title page, Buzzacott, Sr., Dedicatory,^ Word 
in Advance, Scenes and Incidents, Largest Civil 
Camp, Views of Exposition Exhibits, Travel 
Light, Camp Clothing Outfit, Kits, Tent, Cooking 
and Messing Outfit, Camp Rations Amounts, 
Scale of Weights, Etc., A Word at the Halt, Camp 
Fires, How to Build and Use Right, Camp Cook- 
ing and All Recipes, Emergency Cooking. Hints 
and Pointers, Etc., Buzzacott's Camp Combination, 
About Camp Furniture, Tools for Camp, Buzza- 
cott's Tent and Bed Outfit, Camp and Sportmen's 
Necessities, Specialties, Water Cooling Canteens, 
Buzzacott Canteens, Tents and Shelter, Camp 
Sites, Pitching lents. Buzzacott House Tents, 
Tent Lighting and Cooking Kits, Buzzacott Tents, 
Improvised Camp Shelter, Remarks on Camp 
Clothing, Suggestions, Remarks on Utensils, Buzz- 
acott Camp Cooking Outfits, Army Ranges, 
Ration Outfits, Remarks on, Don'ts and Ifs, The 
Camp Doctor, Medicines, Receipts, Rubber Spe- 
cialties, Packing Outfit, Tent Pole Conveniences, 
Buzzacott Tent Pole Specialties, Portable Cabins, 
Houses, Etc., Coquina Outfit, Weather Signs and 
Tables. 



Page 



to 10 (Preface) . \ to )30 loclusive* 

30 Full Page Illostr ations. 



'^Fishing and Fishing Outfits." 

Contents. 

Where Fish Hide, Frontispiece, Modes of 
Fishing, Species of Game Fish, Successful Fisher- 
man, About to Fit Out, Did You Observe, My 
First Trip, Fishing Outfit, The Lone and Quiet 



a 



^^^^^^r^ 




Fisherman, American Woman, About Baits, Etc., 
Casting Baits, Spoons, Flies, etc., About the Rod, 
Reel, Lines, Size and Strength, Leaders, Snells, 
Etc., Floats, Hooks, Fly Books, Tackle Boxes, 
Landing Nets, Gaffs, Fish Basket, Creel, Wading, 
Preserving Fish, Kits and Outfits, Art of Angling, 
Still Fishing, Trolling, Trailing, Baits, Lake Fish- 
ing, Art of Bait Casting, Splashing, Sputting, 
Whipping, Small Fish, Surface and Fly Fishing, 
Fly Fishing or Casting, Suggestions, Trout Fishing, 
Various Flies, Insects, List of. etc., Hackles and Pal- 
mers, Lake Trout, Salmon, Flies, Bass, Pickerel, 
Trolling, Pike, Muskallonge, Bullheads, Catfish, 
Perch, Weakfish, Sheepshead, Bluefish, Kingfish, 
Flounder, Blackfish, Striped Bass, Sea Bass, 
Fluke Fish, Tarpon, Wrinkles and Kinks, Recipes, 
Kits and Outfits, Suggestions, Hints, Boats, 
Canoes, Nets, Seining, Piscatorial Selections. 



Pages J 29 to 256 Inclusive* 



J 2 Full Page Illustrations. 



''Hunting and Hunting Outfits/' 

Contents, 

A Chip of the Old Block, Frontispiece, Shot 
Gun Shooting Outfit, Kits, Automatic Shot Gun, 
Powder Shot and Ball, About the Shot Gun, Re- 
loading, Invaluable Tables and Recipes, Ma- 
chines, Powder Flashes, Hints, Recipes, Gun Suits, 
Shore and Boat Blinds, Decoys, Calls, Boats, 
Marshes, Dogs, Pointers, Tribute to. Hints, Re- 
cipes, Valuable Facts, Tables of Charges, Dis- 
tances, Pull of Triggers, etc., etc., Invaluable 
Hints and Pointers. 



I 



Pages 257 to 338 Inclusive* 



S 




''Trapping and Trapping Outfits/' 

Contents 

Home of American and Canadian Trappers, 
Trappers' Guide, Trappers' Outfit, "Kits," Secrets 
of Trapping, Valuable Animals, Enemies of the 
Trapper, Trappers' Art, Aids to Trappers, Hints, 
Recipes, Riglit Traps, Cost, etc.. Tanning Furs, 
etc.. Tricks. . 

Pages 338 to 372 Inclusive. 6 Full Page Illustfations. 



''Big Game Hunting and 

Big Game Hunters' Outfits/' 

Contents. 

Frontispiece, The Hunter's Outfit, Kits and 
Outfits, Specialties, About the Rifle, Rifle Cart- 
ridges, Care of Rifles, Rifle Practice, Suggestions, 
Crack Shots, Rifle Sights, Winchester, Savage, 
Marlin Rifles; Sights, Bullets, Reloading, Hints, 
Recipes, Specialties, etc., How and Where to 
Locate the Hunting Camp, Tricks of Wo(^dcrafr, 
Kinks, Wrinkles, Going Hunting, On the Trail of 
Game, Deer Hunting, What is It, How to Hunt, 
Various Methods, Moose Hunting, Calling, Best 
Time, Hunting Bears, Pack Mules and Packing, 
Hits Around the Bulls Eye, Recipes, Pointers, 
Hints, Don'ts, Rifle Talk, Gun Talk, Sportsman's 
and Hunter's Field Glasses, Use of, etc., Buzzacott 
Field Intrenching and Construction Kit (Military) 
Buzzacott Army Bakers Oven, Wagon, etc.. Mess 
Chest, Going Camping, Vacations, Camping 
Kinks, Author's Ser»ss of Books, Word in Conclu- 
sion, Contents 

Pages 373 to 517 Inclujive. 32 Full Page Illustrations. 



NOTE: I» all, 544 Pag'es. 

Illustrations. 

(This book is made of a size so as to carry on your trip 
with vou.) 




am 




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RECEIPT OF THIS PRICE 



copies of this book 

now in its 
Seventh Edition 

Can Be Obtained 
Fkom 




WEIL BROS. & COMPANY 

FORT WAYNE, INDIANA 



H 28U 84 ^'i \ 



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